Objectives: To perform an epidemiological study on presence of Chaga’s disease and its vectors at northern and nor oriental Peru. Design: Descriptive, transversal study. Setting: Daniel A. Carrion Tropical Medicine Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Biologic material: Triatomines positive to Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas 1909; one month-old Swiss- Webster male rats. Interventions: In September 2008 a visit was done to Chilete, Paredones, Contumaza province, Cajamarca, and to Pampa Larca, La Puerta, Guitarras and Suyo at Ayabaca province, Piura, collecting 10 Panstrongylus chinai (Del Ponte, 1929) specimens at Piura and 12 Panstrongylus herreri (Wygodzinsky, 1948) specimens at Chilete, Cajamarca. Trypanosoma strains were isolated in Swiss Webster white male one month-old rats, and maintained by successive transfers. Both parasitemia curve an...

Objectives: To determine the presence of IgG anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in humans and the triatomines feeding habits in 3 Nasca, Peru provinces housings. Material and methods: IgG anti-T. cruzi antibodies were studied by RIFI and ELISA methods in 867 inhabitants blood samples (excluding less than one year-old children) in Tulin, Vista Alegre and Changuillo localities in order to determine Chagas disease. We also investigated 494 houses conditions, captured 581 samples of Triatoma infestans (411 nymphs and 170 adults) and intestinal contents were studied for feeding habits and search for T. cruzi. Results:We identified IgG anti-T. cruzi antibodies in 128 inhabitants samples (14,8%), 89 (15,9%) females and 39 (12,6%) males. Precipitine reaction in capillary tube (8 antigens) identified feeding origin in 401 insects (69,0%), mainly birds 252 (43,4%), rodents 36 (6,2%), humans 23 (3,9...

Objetivos: Determinar la presencia de enfermedad de Chagas y Trypanosoma cruzi, en reservorios humanos y animales, en localidades del departamento de Amazonas, Perú. Diseño: Descriptivo, transversal. Institución: Instituto de Medicina Tropical Daniel A. Carrión, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM Participantes: Pobladores de Quintaleros, el Ron, las 3 Marías, San Antonio, del distrito de Cajaruro, provincia de Utcubamba, departamento de Amazonas, Perú. intervenciones: Se viajó al Departamento de Amazonas, en mayo de 2011, para colectar los vectores. Principales medidas de resultados: Presencia de enfermedad de Chagas y Trypanosoma cruzi. Resultados: Se colectó los vectores de enfermedad de Chagas Panstrongylus herreri (Wygodzinsky, 1948), 131 especímenes (19 machos, 33 hembras, 79 ninfas y 92 huevos) y se encontró (15) triatominos infectados por T. cruzi; se les aisló en ratones Balb...

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar la frecuencia y experiencia de las lesiones cariosas no tratadas según el índice pufa en escolares de primer y segundo grado de primaria de la institución educativa cesar vallejo en el distrito de yauya, Ancash 2016. La muestra fue no probabilística, tomándose en consideración la totalidad de escolares de primer y segundo grado de primaria de la institución educativa cesar vallejo en el distrito de yauya-Ancash en el año 2016 que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados mostraron que el 81,1% de la población muestra consecuencias de lesiones cariosas no tratadas, de las cuales el 40% se presentaron en el género masculino y el 41,1% en el género femenino. Manifestándose en un 45,6% a la edad de 8 años y siendo la exposición pulpar la consecuencia de lesiones cariosas no tratadas con mayor frecuencia con un 77,8%;...

En la presente investigación se ha estudiado y recogido información sobre el grado de transgresión de las normas de tránsito por los usuarios, cobradores y conductores de transporte urbano en el distrito de Cayma – Arequipa obteniendo diversas opiniones de la población al respecto, así como de los usos y costumbres de los ciudadanos en el ámbito de transporte público. A partir de esta información obtenida se realizó el análisis desde la perspectiva antropológica sobre la dinámica que se genera a partir de los medios de transporte público entre los usuarios, los conductores y eventualmente la autoridad; además de la influencia de esta dinámica al establecimiento de un nuevo orden contrapuesto al reglamento jurídico. De otro lado se aborda la dimensión de la aceptación y puesta en práctica del reglamento nacional de tránsito por parte de la población del distrito de...

Objectives: To determine in vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of essential oils of 10 plants, cytotoxic activity of oils against mammalian cells and modulatory activity of oils on nitric oxide. Design: In vitro analytical-experimental research, prospective longitudinal cutting. Setting: Institute of Clinical Research, and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Biological material: Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes; Raw 264.7 cells; ten medicinal plants: Mentha X piperita L (menta), Rosmarinus officinalis L (romero), Chenopodium ambrosioides L (paico), Eucaliptus globulus Labill (eucalipto), Artemisia absinthium L (ajenjo), Melissa officinalis L (toronjil), Minthostachys setosa Brig (muña), Cimbopogon citratus (hierba luisa), Aloysia triphylla (cedrón), and Mentha spicata L (hierba buena). Methods: The trypanocidal ac...

The immunogenicity of Bothrops atrox, “jergón”, venom was studied using ELISA and Western Blot methods, as well as cross-reactivity patterns against venoms of Bothrops brazili, Lachesis muta and Crotalus durissus. For this purpose, New Zealand white rabbits (2 kg aprox) were immunized with four 500 μg doses of B. atrox venom in a period of 90 days. Antibody production was followed using ELISA technique, and title of hiper-immune serum was determined at the end of immunization protocol. Additionally, electrophoretic patterns of venoms were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and venom reactivity against obtained serum by ELISA and Western Blot. Immunization schedule allowed a pronounced antibody production since day 20 of protocol. At the end of process, serum title was 256000, which demonstrated both efficacy and usefulness of the developed procedure. On the other hand, studied venoms showed a he...

Se estudió la inmunogenicidad del veneno de la serpiente Bothrops atrox, “jergón”, utilizando los métodos inmunoenzimáticos de ELISA y Western Blot, así como los patrones de reactividad cruzada empleando los venenos de las serpientes Bothrops brazili, Lachesis muta y Crotalus durissus. Para este fin se inmunizaron conejos albinos Nueva Zelanda (2 kg aprox) con cuatro dosis de 500 μg del veneno de B. atrox en un periodo de 90 días. La producción de anticuerpos fue monitoreada mediante la técnica de ELISA, determinándose el título del suero hiperinmune obtenido al final del protocolo de inmunización. Adicionalmente se analizaron los patrones electroforéticos de los venenos en estudio mediante PAGE-SDS y su reactividad frente al suero obtenido mediante ELISA y Western Blot. El esquema de inmunización utilizado permitió una producción sostenida de anticuerpos a partir del...

The macrophages play an important role in the innate and adaptative response. Upon appropriate activation, macrophages released a variety of cytotoxic mediators like the Nitric Oxide (NO). The objective was to evaluate the production of NO for murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with methanol extracts (ME) of different ecotypes of Lepidium peruvianum Chacón (at present Lepidium meyenii Walp.) red, black, purple and white. The ME was prepared using maca powdered macerated in methanol (1:2) during 10 days. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained of mice 3 days after having injected them 1 ml of thioglycolate broth; they were cultivated for triplicate during 18 hrs at 37 °C in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. The dose of ME was of 800 μg/ml for ecotype, were considered controls without ME. The production of NO was assayed by nitrite accumulation in the supernata...

The macrophages play an important role in the innate and adaptative response. Upon appropriate activation, macrophages released a variety of cytotoxic mediators like the Nitric Oxide (NO). The objective was to evaluate the production of NO for murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with methanol extracts (ME) of different ecotypes of Lepidium peruvianum Chacón (at present Lepidium meyenii Walp.) red, black, purple and white. The ME was prepared using maca powdered macerated in methanol (1:2) during 10 days. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained of mice 3 days after having injected them 1 ml of thioglycolate broth; they were cultivated for triplicate during 18 hrs at 37 °C in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. The dose of ME was of 800 μg/ml for ecotype, were considered controls without ME. The production of NO was assayed by nitrite accumulation in the supernata...

The classic treatment of the cutaneous leishmaniosis consists on the injection of 15-20 ampoule of Glucantine what causes serious secondary effects. This fact justifies the search of new medications what motivated the present investigation. The objective was to evaluate the leishmanicidal activity of the methanolic extracts (ME) of the white, red, purple and black ecotypes of Lepidium peruvianum Chacón (at present Lepidium meyenii Walp.) about the growth of Leishmania braziliensis peruviana in vitro. The promastigotes reached the logarithmic phase to the fifth day of cultivation at 27 ºC in the two-phase Columbia medium with 15% of defibrinated sheep blood and they faced, for separate, with the ME to concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/ml. The recounts were made daily with camera Neubauer. The maximum decrease of promastigotes (17.41% of viability) took place to the second day f...

Objetivos: Optimizar y evaluar técnicas de ruptura de quistes de Giardia spp para obtener ADN, paso previo a pruebas moleculares. Diseño: Experimental. Institución: Instituto de Medicina Tropical Daniel A. Carrión, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM. Material biológico: Muestras de heces con quistes de Giardia. Intervenciones: Las muestras de heces con abundantes quistes de Giardia fueron evaluadas con una técnica de obtención de quistes y tres de desenquistamiento. Técnica 1: sedimentación rápida; el sedimento fue lavado varias veces con agua destilada y centrifugado. Para el desenquistamiento, los quistes fueron incubados a: Técnica A: 37°C con bilis de cerdo. Técnica B: con HCl 0,1 N y luego hipoclorito de sodio al 20% a 37°C. Técnica C: Por duplicado, cinco ciclos de congelamiento (-20°C), calentamiento (80°C) y luego papaína a 60°C. Se contó en cámara Newbauer el núme...

The classic treatment of the cutaneous leishmaniosis consists on the injection of 15-20 ampoule of Glucantine what causes serious secondary effects. This fact justifies the search of new medications what motivated the present investigation. The objective was to evaluate the leishmanicidal activity of the methanolic extracts (ME) of the white, red, purple and black ecotypes of Lepidium peruvianum Chacón (at present Lepidium meyenii Walp.) about the growth of Leishmania braziliensis peruviana in vitro. The promastigotes reached the logarithmic phase to the fifth day of cultivation at 27 ºC in the two-phase Columbia medium with 15% of defibrinated sheep blood and they faced, for separate, with the ME to concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/ml. The recounts were made daily with camera Neubauer. The maximum decrease of promastigotes (17.41% of viability) took place to the second day f...