The Malvaceae are represented in Peru by 38 genera and 264 species (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), mostly shrubs and herbs. Here we recognize 87 endemic species in 16 genera. Nototriche is the genus with the largest number of endemic species. Endemic Malvaceae species are found in many ecological regions, including High-Andean, Mesoandean, and Humid and Dry Puna, between 2500 m and 5100 m elevation. We applied IUCN categories and criteria to 84 species. Eleven endemic species have been recorded from Peru´s protected areas system.

La familia Malvaceae es reconocida en el Perú con 38 géneros y 264 especies (Brako & Zarucchi 1993, Ulloa et al. 2004), mayormente arbustos y hierbas. En este trabajo reconocemos 87 especies endémicas en 16 géneros. El género más rico en especies endémicas es Nototriche. Las especies endémicas se encuentran en varias regiones ecológicas, entre ellas Altoandina, Mesoandina y Puna Húmeda y Seca, por encima de los 2500 m, hasta alcanzar los límites de la vegetación a 5100 m de altitud. Se aplicaron las categorías y criterios de la UICN a 84 especies. Once especies endémicas se encuentran presentes en el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado.

A characterization was made of structural aspects of macrobenthos in Paca lagoon, which is located at 3364 meters, to 11º 45´ S and 75º 30´ W on the department of Junín, Peru. At the same time, the physical and chemical factors of water and sediment were analyzed. The samples were collected in 8 stations at the littoral region (5) and the Pelagic region (3) during the year of 2000. The samples were taken from each station from the bottom in order to analyze the physical, chemical and biological parameters from macrobenthic community; the samples were found to contain some sediment and water. The results were tested to find out the interaction of the factors with the biological variables. The macrobenthos diversity is poor and shows values smaller than 1,5 and number of species is smaller than 11. The abundance ranges between 16 to 176 ind/0,04 m2 . Tubifex tubifex and Chironomus sp ...

Se caracterizó la estructura comunitaria del macrobentos de la laguna de Paca ubicada a 3364 msnm, a 11º 45 S y 75º 30’ W en el departamento de Junín-Perú. También se analizaron los principales factores físicos y químicos del agua y sedimentos que condicionan dicha estructura. Los muestreos se realizaron en el año 2000 en 8 estaciones, distribuidas en la zona litoral (5) y pelágica (3). En cada estación se tomaron muestras de agua cercana al fondo y de sedimentos para analizar los parámetros físicos, químicos y biológicos de la comunidad del macrobentos. Los datos fueron sometidos a pruebas univariadas y multivariadas para determinar el grado de interacción de los diversos factores con las variables biológicas. La diversidad del macrobentos es baja y muestra valores de diversidad menores a 1,5 y el número de especies menores a 11 especies. La abundancia varía en valo...

We report the changes produced by intensive farming of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in seven Andean lagoons. The observations were made in 1996 and between 2002-2007 and allowed to observe the deterioration of the lakes, characterized by the increase in total phosphorus concentrations and decreased dissolved oxygen and transparency. The benthic community was evaluated in seven lakes in 2007, resulting low number of species and diversity indices (H `<1,26; <8 spp.). The abundance ranged from 7 to 35 ind. /0,04 m2. Organic matter and carbonates were high in the bottom (from 30,22 to 42,45%).

Se reportan los cambios producidos por el cultivo intensivo de la trucha Oncorhynchus mykiss en siete lagunas andinas. Las observaciones se realizaron en el año 1996, y entre el 2002 - 2007 y permitieron observar el proceso de deterioro de las lagunas, caracterizado por el incremento en las concentraciones de fosforo total y la disminución del oxigeno disuelto y la transparencia. La comunidad béntica fue evaluada en las siete lagunas en el 2007, resultando el número de especies y los índices de diversidad bajos (H'<1,26; <8 spp.). La abundancia varió entre 7 y 35 ind./0,04m2. La materia orgánica y carbonatos en fondo fueron altos (30,22 - 42,45%).

Phytoremediation consist in the use of plants to recover soil, sediments, water and air in situ, which have been contaminated by organic waste, nutrients or heavy metals, by removing pollutants from the environment or making them harmless. The evaluation work was conducted under greenhouse conditions in Lachaqui, Canta, Lima, from October 2011 to October 2012. Twenty treatments were evaluated with a 5 x 4 factorial design: 5 high elevation Andean species, and 4 substrates with 30%, 60%, 100% mine waste (MW) and tailings soil without MW. In Solanum nitidum, Brassica rapa, Fuertesimalva echinata, Urtica urens and Lupinus ballianus, the biomass production decrease significantly with the of 100 % mine waste treatment (MW). The major efficiency accumulation of lead and zinc was obtained in the roots of Fuertesimalva echinata with 100 % MW treatment, obtaining 2015.1 mg of lead kg-1 DM and 102...

La fitorremediación consiste en el uso de plantas para remediar in situ suelos, sedimentos, agua y aire contaminados por desechos orgánicos, nutrientes o metales pesados, eliminando los contaminantes del ambiente o haciéndolos inocuos. El trabajo fue realizado en condiciones de invernadero en el distrito de Lachaqui, Provincia de Canta, Departamento de Lima, de octubre de 2011 a octubre de 2012. Fueron evaluados veinte tratamientos con un diseño factorial completo 5 x 4: 5 especies alto andinas, y 4 sustratos con 30%, 60%,100% de relave de mina (RM) y suelo sin RM. La producción de biomasa disminuyó significativamente en Solanum nitidum, Brassica rapa, Fuertesimalva echinata y Urtica urens y Lupinus ballianus, con el tratamiento de 100% de relave de mina. La mayor eficiencia de acumulación de plomo y zinc fue obtenida en las raíces de Fuertesimalva echinata con el tratamiento de ...

The macrophages play an important role in the innate and adaptative response. Upon appropriate activation, macrophages released a variety of cytotoxic mediators like the Nitric Oxide (NO). The objective was to evaluate the production of NO for murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with methanol extracts (ME) of different ecotypes of Lepidium peruvianum Chacón (at present Lepidium meyenii Walp.) red, black, purple and white. The ME was prepared using maca powdered macerated in methanol (1:2) during 10 days. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained of mice 3 days after having injected them 1 ml of thioglycolate broth; they were cultivated for triplicate during 18 hrs at 37 °C in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. The dose of ME was of 800 μg/ml for ecotype, were considered controls without ME. The production of NO was assayed by nitrite accumulation in the supernata...

The macrophages play an important role in the innate and adaptative response. Upon appropriate activation, macrophages released a variety of cytotoxic mediators like the Nitric Oxide (NO). The objective was to evaluate the production of NO for murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with methanol extracts (ME) of different ecotypes of Lepidium peruvianum Chacón (at present Lepidium meyenii Walp.) red, black, purple and white. The ME was prepared using maca powdered macerated in methanol (1:2) during 10 days. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained of mice 3 days after having injected them 1 ml of thioglycolate broth; they were cultivated for triplicate during 18 hrs at 37 °C in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. The dose of ME was of 800 μg/ml for ecotype, were considered controls without ME. The production of NO was assayed by nitrite accumulation in the supernata...

around Abra Apacheta, in Cangallo (Ayacucho) and Huaytara (Huancavelica) Provinces. The aims of this study were: to study vascular floristic composition of High Andes (over 4500 m of altitude) and characterize highland vegetation. There were used conventional techniques for botanical collection and vegetation coverage measurements by intersection-line transects and Point Quadrat modifyed method. There were registered 134 species of vascular plants (Pteridophytes, Gymnospems, Eudicots and Monocots) grouped in 60 genera and 23 families. Eudicots were the dominant group with 74% of the total registered, 82% in genera and 77% in species; followed by Monocots with 13%, 13% and 21% in the previous categories. Monilophytes (ferns) were poorly represented by two families (9%), two genera (3%) and two species (1%); while Gymnosperms only registered one specie (Ephedra rupestris Benth.). By the qu...

around Abra Apacheta, in Cangallo (Ayacucho) and Huaytara (Huancavelica) Provinces. The aims of this study were: to study vascular floristic composition of High Andes (over 4500 m of altitude) and characterize highland vegetation. There were used conventional techniques for botanical collection and vegetation coverage measurements by intersection-line transects and Point Quadrat modifyed method. There were registered 134 species of vascular plants (Pteridophytes, Gymnospems, Eudicots and Monocots) grouped in 60 genera and 23 families. Eudicots were the dominant group with 74% of the total registered, 82% in genera and 77% in species; followed by Monocots with 13%, 13% and 21% in the previous categories. Monilophytes (ferns) were poorly represented by two families (9%), two genera (3%) and two species (1%); while Gymnosperms only registered one specie (Ephedra rupestris Benth.). By the qu...