The present study evaluated the in vitro probiotic capacity of 150 lactic acid bacteria (BAL) isolated from feces of three breeds of guinea pigs from an Experimental Center of intensive rearing, by means of in vitro tests on agar that evaluated the capacity of amylolytic, proteolytic enzymatic activity, cellulolytic and antagonism against pathogenic Salmonella sp. The BAL strains that achieved a positive result in any of the in vitro tests were evaluated for survival at pH 2.0, 4.0 and 0.3% bile. Gram positive strains were obtained, 93.3% of them with bacillary morphology and6.7% with ovoid morphology. 38.7% of strains showed the ability to degrade soluble starch, 66.7% for milk proteins and 4% for sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Only 5.3% of strains had an antagonistic action against Salmonella sp. The frequency of strains according to race in relation to amylolytic and proteolytic degr...

Background Loche (Cucurbita moschata) is a pre-Columbian squash that is cultivated exclusively in the northern coast of Peru, Lambayeque. This crop is notable for the presence of warts in its skin and for its vegetative reproduction as it commonly lacks of seeds in fruits. Currently, loche may be considered a new product for international markets, recognizing the gastronomy of Lambayeque in the world and dynamizing the Peruvian agro-export area. However, genomic information about this squash is very limited.

Ulcumano, which is native to South America, is an important conifer in Peru. Molecular studies are scarce, limiting modern breeding and appropriate conservation activities. Currently, molecular markers are widely employed to explore genetic structure and diversity parameters of plant species in a fast and precise manner. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of ulcumano in Peru by using DNA-based molecular markers. Nine Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used, while 95 individuals of ulcumano were sampled from three departments of Peru. A total of 265 DNA fragments were manually scored, but 247 of them were kept after removing the non-polymorphic markers. Genetic distances were calculated using R software based on Provesti´s coefficient. A dendrogram was obtained using the UPGMA clustering algorithm, showing no clea...

27 páginas

Sweet cucumber (Solanum muricatum) sect. Basarthrum is a neglected horticultural crop native to the Andean region. It is naturally distributed very close to other two Solanum crops of high importance, potatoes, and tomatoes. To date, molecular tools for this crop remain undetermined. In this study, the complete sweet cucumber chloroplast (cp) genome was obtained and compared with seven Solanaceae species. The cp genome of S. muricatum was 155,681 bp in length and included a large single copy (LSC) region of 86,182 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,360 bp, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IR) regions of 25,568 bp. The cp genome possessed 87 protein-coding genes (CDS), 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and one pseudogene. Furthermore, 48 perfect microsatellites were identified. These repeats were mainly located in the noncoding regions. Who...

Capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth.) is a tree species of commercial importance widely distributed in South American forests that is traditionally used for its medicinal properties and wood quality. Studies on this tree species have been focused mainly on wood properties, propagation, and growth. However, genetic studies on capirona have been very limited to date. Currently, it is possible to explore genetic diversity and population structure in a fast and reliable manner by using molecular markers. We here used 10 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 59 samples of capirona that were sampled from four provinces located in the eastern region of the Peruvian amazon. A total of 186 bands were manually scored, generating a 59 × 186 presence/absence matrix. A dendrogram was generated using the UPGMA clustering algo...

Capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth.) belongs to subfamily Ixoroideae, one of the major lineages in the Rubiaceae family, and is an important timber tree. It originated in the Amazon Basin and has widespread distribution in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, and Brazil. In this study, we obtained the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome of capirona from the department of Madre de Dios located in the Peruvian Amazon. High-quality genomic DNA was used to construct libraries. Pair-end clean reads were obtained by PE 150 library and the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. The complete cp genome of C. spruceanum has a 154,480 bp in length with typical quadripartite structure, containing a large single copy (LSC) region (84,813 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC) region (18,101 bp), separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions (25,783 bp). The annotation of C. spruceanum cp genome predicted 87 protein-c...

Sweet cucumber (Solanum muricatum) sect. Basarthrum is a neglected horticultural crop native of the Andean region. It is naturally distributed very close to other two Solanum crops of high importance, potatoes and tomatoes. To date, molecular tools for this crop are still undetermined. In this study, the complete sweet cucumber chloroplast (cp) genome was obtained and compared with seven Solanaceae species. The cp genome of S. muricatum had a 155,681 bp in length with included a large single copy (LSC) region of 86,182 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,360 bp, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IR) regions of 25,568 bp. The cp genome possessed 88 protein-coding genes (CDS), 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and one pseudogene. Furthermore, 48 perfect microsatellites were identified, divided in mononucleotide repeats (32), followed by tetran...

16 páginas

Cedrelinga cateniformis Ducke, “tornillo”, es una especie árborea con centro de distribución natural en la Amazonía Peruana. Presenta buen crecimiento y una alta productividad en plantaciones, por lo que es considerada como una especie promisoria para los trabajos de reforestación, además produce una madera que tiene alta demanda en el mercado nacional e internacional debido a sus buenas características de manejabilidad y resistencia. El limitado conocimiento de las características genotípicas, de la estructura poblacional y diversidad genética de “tornillo” son el principal problema para el establecimiento de plantaciones masivas con características genéticas de interés y para el diseño de estrategias de uso sostenible, conservación y reforestación de la especie. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue caracterizar genéticamente a los individuos de ״tornil...

The Arnaucho chili pepper (ACP) is a traditional vegetable used in Peru because of its gastronomic properties. Due to its importance in the Peruvian diet and economy, this species is a resource that can be a candidate to plant breeding programs. In this study, the complete genome nucleotide sequence of this chili pepper was generated using the Illumina Hiseq 2500 sequencing technology. We sequenced the whole genome of the ACP using a paired-end 150 strategy, obtaining 330.46 GB of sequencing data. The genome size of the ACP was 2.98 Gb with a contig N50 of 237 Mb and 95.39% complete BUSCOs. Also, we identified 71.96% of repetitive DNA of the genome assembly, of which retroelements occupy 37.95% of the total genome. We downloaded genomes of the Solanoideae subfamily and conducted a comparative analysis of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) with our draft genome, and we identified lower number...

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) (Solanaceae) is an important vegetable crop worldwide that contains significant amounts of vitamins A and C. It also possesses a powerful antioxidant, lycopene, which can help prevent the development of many forms of cancer. However, this vegetable is highly susceptible to a number of emerging viruses. Since the first report of ToBRFV in Jordan, this emerging virus has been detected in Germany, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Palestine, and the United States, but its incidence was not reported in Peru. We collected 56 samples of fresh leaves of tomato plants with viral symptoms and 13 without symptoms as control from two regions that comprise more than 50% of tomato production in Peru, Lima and Ica. Mosaic, mottling, plant stunting and brown rugose symptoms were observed in collected leaves that were preserved in liquid nitrogen until processing. We extracted RNA usi...

Tornillo es una especie forestal de amplia distribución en la Amazonia del Perú, su explotación irracional ha generado perdidas en su diversidad. En la actualidad, no se tiene una línea base para el desarrollo de estrategias de conservación debido a un limitado conocimiento de la estructura genética en las poblaciones de tornillo el cual permitiría implementar un adecuado programa de conservación de la especie. Se colectó 91 individuos de la especie en cinco departamentos (Madre de Dios, Loreto, Puno, San Martin y Ucayali). Se seleccionaron los 5 primers RAPDs más polimórficos (OPA02, OPA04, OPA12, OPA18 Y OPF05), identificándose 96 marcadores polimórficos. El PIC varió de 0,24 - 0,31; el AMP fue 47,86%. No se reportó duplicados. He entre las poblaciones varió entre 0,265 - 0,296; Madre de Dios presentó un menor valor (0,174). El índice de Shannon presentó la misma var...

Lupinus mutabilis Sweet (Fabaceae), “tarwi” or “chocho”, is an important grain legume in the Andean region. In Peru, studies on tarwi have mainly focused on morphological features; however, they have not been molecularly characterized. Currently, it is possible to explore the genetic parameters of plants with reliable and modern methods such as genotyping by sequencing (GBS). Here, for the first time, we used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to infer the genetic diversity and population structure of 89 accessions of tarwi from nine Andean regions of Peru. A total of 5922 SNPs distributed along all chromosomes of tarwi were identified. STRUCTURE analysis revealed that this crop is grouped into two clusters. A dendrogram was generated using the UPGMA clustering algorithm and, like the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), it showed two groups that correspond to the geog...

In this study, we sequenced the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome of a Peruvian chili pepper landrace, “arnacucho” (Capsicum chinense). This cp genome has a 156,931 bp in length with typical quadripartite structure, containing a large single copy (LSC) region (87,325 bp) and a 17,912 bp small single-copy (SSC) region, separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions (25,847 bp); and the percentage of GC content was 37.71%. Arnaucho chili pepper chloroplast genome possesses 133 genes that consists of 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, eight rRNA, and two pseudogenes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this Peruvian chili pepper landrace is closely related to the undomesticated species C. galapagoense; all belong to the Capsiceae tribe.

Lupinus mutabilis Sweet (Fabaceae), “tarwi” or “chocho”, is an important grain legume in the Andean region. In Peru, studies on tarwi have mainly focused on morphological features; however, they have not been molecularly characterized. Currently, it is possible to explore the genetic parameters of plants with reliable and modern methods such as genotyping by sequencing (GBS). Here, for the first time, we used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to infer the genetic diversity and population structure of 89 accessions of tarwi from nine Andean regions of Peru. A total of 5922 SNPs distributed along all chromosomes of tarwi were identified. STRUCTURE analysis revealed that this crop is grouped into two clusters. A dendrogram was generated using the UPGMA clustering algorithm and, like the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), it showed two groups that correspond to the geog...

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Erwinia sp. strain INIA01, a bacterium isolated from lesions of Zea mays from northern Peru. This genome possesses two circular replicons, a 4.2-Mb chromosome, and a 438-kb plasmid.