Introduction: Burden of diseases integrated mortality and disability and assess the impact of diseases on population. This study analyzes the burden of neurological diseases in Peru in 1990‐2015. Methods: We used the data published by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation from 1990 to 2015. The measure of burden used was Disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), the sum of the Years of Life Lost (YLL) and Years Lived with Disability (YLD). Data were selected for Peru in 1990 and 2015, per year, sex, age, and type of neurological disorder. Results: The total DALYs for neurological causes in Peru was 9.06% and 10.65% in 1990 and 2015, respectively. In 2015, the five main causes were: migraine; cerebrovascular disease (CVD); neonatal encephalopathy (NE), Alzheimer disease and other dementias (ADD), and medication overuse headache (MOH). Women contributed 54.16% of DALYs. Cancer ...

The brain‐computer interface (BCI) uses electrical signals from the brain and uses them as information to control an external device and has the potential to stimulate neuroplasticity in motor impairment. Objective. Implement an immersive virtual reality and BCI system for upper limb rehabilitation and test its safety. Methods: 34 healthy subjects participated. We used an EEG of 16 channels placed on the scalp corresponding to the motor and pre‐motor area, an amplifier (g.USBAmp) and a signal classification method (ANFIS classifier), to detect mu and beta signals related to the intention of movement and used to control an immersive virtual reality representation of an upper limb; and perform 2 movements: flexion and extension, according to the brain signals detected. In addition, the classification percentages and their association with spatial abilities of participants were measured...

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the use of ergotamines in the management of migraine attacks. Methods: A systematic search was performed in the MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases until May 2018, duplicates were eliminated, and studies were selected independently, the quality of the studies that met the inclusion criteria was evaluated. Subsequently, the results were extracted to perform a meta‐analysis of the comparable studies. The random effects model was used, and heterogeneity was assessed with I2. Results: Three studies were found that compared DHE (1mg SC) versus sumatriptan (6mg SC) and one against chlorpromazine (12.5mg IV). In one of the studies, the reduction at 2 hours in the mean intensity of headache was significantly better among those treated with chlorpromazine (p < 0.005). Besides, a meta‐analysis (2 RCTs, n = 347) with a random‐effects model was...

background: Human decisions are partially rational. In medicine, critical scenarios make decide-making (DM) difficult. In this review, we propose the "4E" approach to improve the DM of interventions. The "4E" approach includes decisions: "effectual" when interventions have been tested in controlled settings, "effective" when interventions have been tested in uncontrolled or pragmatic clinical settings, "efficient" when the benefits of a new intervention are evaluated by its costs, and decisions that promote "equity" when these interventions are recommended according to the needs of the patient, avoiding barriers. Using this approach could improve DM in clinical practice, but it is not enough to guarantee its incorporation and use. It is also essential to promote the organizational, institutional, and political dynamics of health systems that promote evidence's critical use to make decisi...

Stuttering is a common speech disorder that can impact in the quality of life of adults who stutter (AWS). In order to manage this condition, it is necessary to measure and assess the stuttering severity before, during and after any therapeutic process. To evaluate it, monitoring biosignals-included the respiratory patterns-could be an option; however is not clear the difference between speech conditions. Therefore, we compare the respiratory patterns and biosignals during speech of adults who stutter (AWS) and who not stutter (AWNS) to describe the differences and patterns of blocks and fluent speech. Sixty-six participants (AWS=33, AWNS=33) were asked to perform a reading task. We record the respiratory patterns and biosignals (pulse, saturation and galvanic response) using standardized system. We assess the differences among three conditions: fluent speech from ANWS, blocks from AWS a...

Aim: To assess the self-perceived competencies in diagnosing and treating patients with mental health disorders, among recently graduated general practitioners (GPs) from Lima, Peru. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in April 2017 at a General Practitioner’s meeting held for those who were going to perform the social service, by the Peruvian College of Physicians in Lima. Attendees were invited to answer a questionnaire that evaluated their self-perception of competence in diagnosing and treating four different mental health disorders; major depression, anxiety disorder, alcohol dependence, and schizophrenia. Results: Out of 434 evaluated GPs, the following percentages were self-perceived as competent in their adequate diagnosis of depression (70.5%), anxiety (73.3%), alcohol dependence (67.6%), and schizophrenia (62.0%). Concerning pharmacological treatment, these percent...

Background: Dog-assisted therapy (DAT) is a non-pharmacological intervention based on the interaction between patients and dogs, which has been proposed to help adults with dementia. However, evidence to support it is lacking. Thus, we aim to evaluate the effects of DAT on this population and to assess the certainty of the evidence of the RCTs estimates. Methods: A systematic search was performed. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental (QE) controlled studies published up to March 2018, which evaluated the beneficial and deleterious effects of DAT in adults with dementia. Mean differences (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated and random effects meta-analyses were performed. Certainty of evidence was assessed for RCTs estimates using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and...

Las infecciones fúngicas asociadas a biofilms en dispositivos biomédicos son refractarias al tratamiento antifúngico y habitualmente se requiere del retiro oportuno del dispositivo, así como la administración de antifúngicos sistémicos. Se presenta el caso de una paciente mujer de 36 años que recibe terapia para el dolor administrada por dispositivo intravascular de larga permanencia, catéter Port-A-Cath, y que desarrolló candidemia y endocarditis por Candida parapsilosis asociada al catéter; el cual tuvo que ser retirado mediante toracotomía por persistencia de la infección a pesar de la terapia antifúngica sistémica. Se evidenció extenso biofilm rodeando al catéter, con aislamiento de Candida parapsilosis y se completaron seis semanas de tratamiento antifúngico con evolución clínica favorable.

Introduction: Only 3 types of coronavirus cause aggressive respiratory disease in humans (MERS-Cov, SARS-Cov-1, and SARS-Cov-2). It has been reported higher infection rates and severe manifestations (ICU admission, need for mechanical ventilation, and death) in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM). For this reason, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes comorbidity and its associated unfavorable health outcomes in patients with acute respiratory syndromes for coronavirus disease according to virus types. Methods: Systematic review of literature in Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scielo until April of 2020. We included cohort and cross-sectional studies with no restriction by language or geographical zone. The selection and extraction were undertaken by 2 reviewers, independently. The study quality was evaluated with Loney’s ...

ABSTRACT Introduction To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of three brief cognitive screening (BCS) tools, Peruvian version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-Pe), of INECO Frontal Screening (IFS-Pe) and of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-Pe), for the diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and its non-dementia stages (VCI-ND) and vascular dementia (VD) in patients with cerebral stroke in Lima—Peru. Materials and methods A cohort analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of three BCS for VCI. Results Two hundred and four patients were evaluated: 61% Non-VCI, 30% VCI-ND and 9% VD. To discriminate patients with VCI from controls, the area under the curve (AUC) of ACE-Pe, IFS-Pe and MMs-Pe were 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98–0.99), 0.99 (95%CI 0.98–0.99) and 0.87 (95%CI 0.82–0.92), respectively. Of the three BCS, the IFS-Pe presented a larger AUC...

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPN por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.

Este artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el diagnóstico y manejo de pacientes con osteoartritis (OA) del Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Para su desarrollo se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó a especialistas clínicos y metodólogos. Para responder las 13 preguntas clínicas planteadas se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas en PubMed y repositorios de GPC. Se usó la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) para evaluar la certeza de la evidencia. Se emitieron 11 recomendaciones: tres fuertes (no solicitar de forma rutinaria radiografías para el diagnóstico de OA, brindar un plan individualizado de medidas de educación y autocuidado, indicar la realización de ejercicio físico) y ocho débiles (intervenciones para reducir el peso en personas con obesidad o sobrepeso, evitar el uso de...

Este artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el diagnóstico y manejo de pacientes con osteoartritis (OA) del Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Para su desarrollo se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó a especialistas clínicos y metodólogos. Para responder las 13 preguntas clínicas planteadas se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas en PubMed y repositorios de GPC. Se usó la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) para evaluar la certeza de la evidencia. Se emitieron 11 recomendaciones: tres fuertes (no solicitar de forma rutinaria radiografías para el diagnóstico de OA, brindar un plan individualizado de medidas de educación y autocuidado, indicar la realización de ejercicio físico) y ocho débiles (intervenciones para reducir el peso en personas con obesidad o sobrepeso, evitar el uso de...

Este artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el diagnóstico y manejo de pacientes con osteoartritis (OA) del Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Para su desarrollo se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó a especialistas clínicos y metodólogos. Para responder las 13 preguntas clínicas planteadas se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas en PubMed y repositorios de GPC. Se usó la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) para evaluar la certeza de la evidencia. Se emitieron 11 recomendaciones: tres fuertes (no solicitar de forma rutinaria radiografías para el diagnóstico de OA, brindar un plan individualizado de medidas de educación y autocuidado, indicar la realización de ejercicio físico) y ocho débiles (intervenciones para reducir el peso en personas con obesidad o sobrepeso, evitar el uso de...

Abstract. This article summarizes the clinical practice guide (CPG) for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in the Social Security of Peru (EsSalud). Objective. To provide clinical recommendations based on evidence for the management of patients with AF in EsSalud. Methods. A CPG for the management of patients with AF in EsSalud was developed. To this end, a guideline development group (GDG) was established, including medical specialists and methodologists. The GDG formulated 9 clinical questions to be answered by this CPG. Systematic searches of systematic reviews and ,when it was considered pertinent, primary studies were conducted in Medline during 2017. The evidence to answer each of the posed clinical questions was selected. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Developm...

Introducción. El presente artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el manejo de pacientes con fibrilación auricular (FA) en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Objetivo. Proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el manejo de pacientes con FA en EsSalud. Métodos. Se conformó un grupo elaborador (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos. El GEG formuló 9 preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. Se realizó búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y ,cuando fue considerado pertinente, estudios primarios en Medline durante el 2017. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó...

“Background: Estimating and analyzing trends and patterns of health loss are essential to promote efficient resource allocation and improve Peru’s healthcare system performance. Methods: Using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (2019), we assessed mortality and disability in Peru from 1990 to 2019. We report demographic and epidemiologic trends in terms of population, life expectancy at birth (LE), mortality, incidence, prevalence, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by the major diseases and risk factors in Peru. Finally, we compared Peru with 16 countries in the Latin American (LA) region. Results: The Peruvian population reached 33.9 million inhabitants (49.9% women) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, LE at birth increased from 69.2 (95% uncertainty interval 67.8�...

“Background: Estimating and analyzing trends and patterns of health loss are essential to promote efficient resource allocation and improve Peru’s healthcare system performance. Methods: Using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (2019), we assessed mortality and disability in Peru from 1990 to 2019. We report demographic and epidemiologic trends in terms of population, life expectancy at birth (LE), mortality, incidence, prevalence, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by the major diseases and risk factors in Peru. Finally, we compared Peru with 16 countries in the Latin American (LA) region. Results: The Peruvian population reached 33.9 million inhabitants (49.9% women) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, LE at birth increased from 69.2 (95% uncertainty interval 67.8�...

Introduction. This article summarizes the clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema of the Health Social Security of Peru (EsSalud). Objective. To provide clinical recommendations based on evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema in EsSalud. Methods. A guidelines elaborating group (GEG) was conformed by medical specialists and methodologists. The GEG formulated 4 clinical questions intended to be answered by this CPG. For each of these questions systematic searches of systematic reviews and primary studies (when considered pertinent) were carried out in PubMed during 2018. Evidence was selected in order to reply each of the proposed clinical questions. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendati...

Objetivo: proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la etapa aguda del ataque cerebrovascular isquémico en EsSalud. Materiales y métodos: se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos. El GEG formuló 8 preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. Se realizó búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y –cuando fue considerado pertinente– estudios primarios en Medline y Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials durante el 2018. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formu...