Stuttering is a common speech disorder that can impact in the quality of life of adults who stutter (AWS). In order to manage this condition, it is necessary to measure and assess the stuttering severity before, during and after any therapeutic process. To evaluate it, monitoring biosignals-included the respiratory patterns-could be an option; however is not clear the difference between speech conditions. Therefore, we compare the respiratory patterns and biosignals during speech of adults who stutter (AWS) and who not stutter (AWNS) to describe the differences and patterns of blocks and fluent speech. Sixty-six participants (AWS=33, AWNS=33) were asked to perform a reading task. We record the respiratory patterns and biosignals (pulse, saturation and galvanic response) using standardized system. We assess the differences among three conditions: fluent speech from ANWS, blocks from AWS a...

This study presents the design exploration and kinematic validation of a transtibial prosthesis based on a 2SPU-RU parallel mechanism. The prototype is currently at Technology Readiness Level 3 (TRL 3), indicating an early-stage concept that has been evaluated under controlled conditions. The mechanism replicates dorsiflexion–plantarflexion, inversion–eversion, and abduction–adduction, corresponding to ankle motion in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse anatomic planes. The system integrates electric actuators and an ESP32 DevKit V1 microcontroller to control joint movements. Functional tests were conducted to assess kinematic performance using inertial sensors and video tracking. Additional evaluations included force distribution analysis using pressure insoles during dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, as well as energy consumption measurements across gait cycles. While the protot...