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The associativity as a development mechanism to improve the lifestyle of farmers is a strategy that not only benefits this economic group, but also the community as a whole. This research aims to document the benefits of choosing this type of collectivity in order to follow the main objective, which seeks to explain that the commercialization of cacao through the associativity strategy has a positive impact on the price of cacao beans in the districts of Lamas and Chazuta. The research questions are solved through primary sources as a result from surveys and interviews to the farmers inside or outside a cooperative from the above-mentioned districts. This investigation shows that more than 70% of the surveyed farmers have a grow room of 2 to 4 ha. However, farmers do not use all the field to cultivate cacao, they also use it for other agricultural activities. Furthermore, the research al...

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Introducción: La quimio radioterapia adyuvante es una alternativa de tratamiento especialmente para pacientes con cirugías inferiores a D2. El estudio INT016 estableció la quimio radioterapia adyuvante como el cuidado estándar para adenocarcinoma resecado de alto riesgo del estómago en Estados Unidos, sin embargo, se vio obstaculizado por la cirugía sub óptima. Existe controversia acerca de la eficacia de esta terapia adyuvante en pacientes sometidos a linfandenectomía D2. En nuestra institución la linfandenectomía D2 es la cirugía estándar para cáncer gástrico. Objetivo: Demostrar que la terapia adyuvante de quimio y radioterapia en pacientes con cáncer gástrico sometidos a gastrectomía y disección ganglionar D2 es efectiva. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con adenocarcinoma gástrico estadío II a IV M0 quienes se sometieron a resección cura...

Objective: To determine clinicopathological features and prognostic factors among young colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in a Peruvian Cancer Institute. Methods: Data of patients 40 years or younger, admitted between January 2005 and December 2010, were analyzed. Results: During the study period, 196 young patients with CRC were admitted. The tumor was located in the rectum, left colon and right colon in 45.9%, 28.6% and 25.5% of cases. Family history of CRC was found in 13.2% and an autosomal pattern of inheritance, in 8.6% of the cases. The most common symptoms were pain (67.9%) and bleeding (67.3%). The majority (63.1%) of colon cancer cases and more than a third (34.4%) of rectal cancer cases were diagnosed in stage III or IV. The histologic type was tubular, mucinous and signet ring cell adenocarcinoma in 73.5%, 14.8% and 8.6%, respectively. The depth of invasion was T3 in 21.4% and...

Objective: To assess whether extended time intervals (8-12, 13-20 and >20 weeks) between the end of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery affect overall survival, disease-free survival. Materials and methods: Retrospective study in 120 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma without evidence of metastasis (T1-4/N0-2/M0) at the time of diagnosis that underwent surgery with curative intent after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine and obtained R0 or R1 resection between January 2010 to December 2014 at the National Cancer Institute of Peru. Dates were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method, logrank test and Cox regression analysis. Results: Of the 120 patients, 70 were women (58%). The median age was 63(26-85) years. All received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. No significant difference was found between the association of the median radial (0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 cm; p=0.826) and distal...

Objectives. The latest WHO classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms considers 29 mature T and NK cell lymphomas. One of these corresponds to peripheral T-cell lymphoma, without another specification (LCTP-NOS). The objective of this research was to evaluate the clinical-pathological characteristics of this disease and its association with EBV infection in relation to global survival (OS). Methods. 65 cases with a diagnosis of LCTP-NOS were studied at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases in a period of 6 years. Clinical-pathological characteristics were evaluated, and OS and other clinical parameters were compared between cases with infection and without EBV infection. Results. There were (45 %) positive cases for EBV. The average age was 50 years and (29 %) were women. The proportion of patients with and without B symptoms was similar. The stages were usually advan...

Estudio para determinar la frecuencia y el valor pronóstico de la anemia en pacientes con cáncer atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), entre enero y abril del 2010. La anemia es frecuente en pacientes con cáncer y su presencia determina un factor pronóstico independiente en la sobrevida global.

Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el valor pronóstico de la razón de ganglios metastásicos (LNR) en los pacientes con cáncer gástrico operados de gastrectomía radical D2. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de 498 pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) entre los años 2008 y 2011 que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se dividieron en 4 grupos de acuerdo a su LNR; LNR0: 0, LNR1: 0-0,13, LNR2: 0,14-0,4 y LNR3: ≥ 0,4. Resultados: La mediana de ganglios resecados fue de 42 [rango 8-153] y 494 (99,2%) pacientes tuvieron más de 15 ganglios resecados. 340 (68,5%) pacientes presentaron compromiso ganglionar y 175 (35,1%) fueron clasificados como pN3, 94 (18,5%) pN2 y 72 (14,5%) como pN1. 285 (57,2%) pacientes tuvieron estadío III. Hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupo...