The prevalence of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) was studied in cattle raised under an extensive rearing system andwithout history of vaccination. Herds were located in the province of San Pablo, department of Cajamarca, Peru. Blood samples from 480 bovine were collected for detection of antibodies against BHV-1 by viral neutralization test. The seroprevalence was 0.6 ± 0.7% (3/480). The three positive Holstein cows, older than 6 years, were part of the same herd and the antibody titers were 1:64 (2) and 1:32 (1). The results indicated that the BHV-1 is now widely distributed in cattle of the studied region.

La prevalencia del virus herpes bovino 1 (BHV-1) se determinó en bovinos de crianza extensiva, sin historia de vacunación, y mayormente cruzados, en tres distritos de la provincia de San Pablo, Cajamarca. Se colectaron 480 muestras de sangre de bovinos para la detección de anticuerpos contra el BHV-1 mediante la prueba de neutralización viral. Se determinó que el 0.6 ± 0.7% (3/480) de los animales presentaron anticuerpos contra el BHV-1. Las tres vacas serorreactoras fueron Holstein, mayores de 6 años de edad y pertenecieron a un solo hato, y presentaron títulos de anticuerpos de 1:64 (2) y 1:32 (1). Los resultados indicaron que la enfermedad se encuentra poco difundida entre los animales de la zona en estudio, por lo que se deberá evitar el ingreso de animales infectados.

Este trabajo de investigación es sobre la Gestión Tributaria y su incidencia en el financiamiento del presupuesto municipalidad de Carabayllo en el año 2022, con la finalidad de facilitar la gestión de sus principales ingresos propios tributarios y no tributarios. Podemos Señalar que se ha podido evidenciar a lo largo del trabajo de investigación, que la Gestión Tributaria influye positivamente en el financiamiento del Presupuesto de la Municipalidad de Carabayllo, Lima, 2022 Se debe precisar que dentro de los aspectos metodológicos se ha considerado al cuestionario como instrumento de la presente investigación, y la encuesta para la recolección de los datos. Así mismo, la investigación es de tipo aplicada, nivel descriptivo, enfoque cuantitativo y de diseño no experimental. Se puede apreciar que la prueba de diseño basada en el teorema central de límites permitió obtener...

La tesis realizada en la empresa Mota - Engil Perú se centró en evaluar el impacto de las medidas de seguridad y salud en el trabajo (SST) en la prevención de accidentes laborales. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 220 trabajadores, antes y después de la implementación de las medidas para analizar la percepción del riesgo en diferentes dimensiones de SST: integración de la prevención, ambiente de trabajo, mitigación de accidentes, formación en SST y s upervisión de SST. Los resultados mostraron una mejora significativa en la percepción del riesgo, con una disminución en la percepción de "Riesgo al to" y un aumento en la percepción de "Riesgo m e dio" y "Riesgo bajo " en todas las dimensiones. Esto sugiere que las medidas implementadas tuvieron un impacto positivo en la percepción de los trabajadores sobre la seguridad laboral.

Se ha demostrado que los antibióticos aminoglucósidos interactúan con varias moléculas de ARN al unirse a regiones con estructuras secundarias. Varios reportes indican que la neomicina B puede inhibir la replicación del VIH y otros virus ARN. El genoma rotaviral consiste de 11 segmentos de ARN de doble hebra, la replicación viral emplea ARN cadena positiva (ARNm) como templado para la síntesis de ARN de cadena negativa. Se ha determinado que señales existentes en cis del ARNm son necesarias para la replicación al involucrar secuencias y conformaciones esenciales para el reconocimiento de la polimerasa viral. Debido a que se requieren dos pasos para la síntesis de ARN para la morfogénesis del virus, se ha estudiado los efectos de neomicina B y otros aminoglucósidos en la transcripción y/o replicación del genoma viral. Los resultados demuestran que neomicina B a concentracion...

The canine Herpesvirus type 1 (CHV-1) is responsible for the canine hemorrhagic disease in puppies aged less than four weeks and for some reproductive problems in adult bitches. In Peru, the disease has been not reported, although there are findings suggesting its presence. Thus, the aim of this study was to show the presence of antibodies against CHV-1 among the canine population associated with history of reproductive problems. Blood samples from 28 animals belonging to seven districts of the province of Lima were collected. These dogs had a history of reproductive problems or neonatal mortality. Samples were submited to the indirect immunofluorescense test (IFAT), and nine of them (32 ± 17%) were positive to the test.

Pruebas indirectas de ELISA revelaron la presencia de anticuerpos contra el virus de la Leucosis Bovina (BLV) en 12,5 ± ± 3,3% (n = 47/377) de las muestras de suero de 8 rebaños de ganado de doble propósito criados extensivamente (n = 342 hembras, 35 macos) obtenidos en(Gran Pajonal, Ucayali, Perú). Sobre la base de la sensibilidad 89% de esta prueba de ELISA, sin embargo, la prevalencia de BLV en esta muestra es 2,55 + + 1,59%. Aunque todos los rebaños analizados estaban infectados en diferentes grados, y las frecuencias más altas de anticuerpos fueron encontrados en animales adultos (vacas = l2.9%, toros = 28,6%), la incidencia global de reactores BLV es bajo en comparación con otras áreas de las zonas tropicales del Perú, como Pucallpa. Por esta razón, los controles deben ser establecidos para prevenir la introducción de animales infectados BLV a esta importante zona poten...

The aim of the study was to determine the relative in vitro ARNm expression levels of IL-2 and IL-10 in peripheral blood leukocytes by real time RT-PCR and relative quantification using the 2-ΔΔCt method in presence of clostridial antigens and GAPDH as an endogenous control. Whole blood was collected from 10 adult alpacas. Samples were centrifuged to obtain leukocytes using the Ficoll reagent, purified with ammonium chloride and cultured in 24-well plates at a concentration of 500 000 live cells/ml minimal essential medium (MEM) with clostridial extract suspensions at concentrations of 400, 16, 0.8 and 0.2 µg/ml. Subsequently, the RT-qPCR test was performed. IL-2 kinetic expression patterns were inversely proportional to the clostridial antigen dose in the three incubation times (p>0.05), unlike IL-10 which its kinetic expression patterns were variable, reaching its maximum at 12 h...

El Virus Herpes Canino tipo 1 (VHC-1) es responsable de la enfermedad hemorrágica canina en cachorros menores de cuatro semanas de vida y de algunos problemas reproductivos en perras adultas. En el Perú, la enfermedad no ha sido reportada, aunque existen hallazgos que sugieren su presencia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue demostrar la presencia de anticuerpos contra el VHC-1 entre la población canina con antecedentes asociados a problemas reproductivos. Se recolectaron muestras de sangre de 28 animales procedentes de siete distritos de la provincia de Lima que tuvieron algún antecedente relacionado a problemas reproductivos o mortalidad neonatal. Las muestras fueron analizadas con la prueba de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) donde nueve canes (32 ± 17%) resultaron positivos.

Pruebas indirectas de ELISA revelaron la presencia de anticuerpos contra el virus de la Leucosis Bovina (BLV) en 12,5 ± ± 3,3% (n = 47/377) de las muestras de suero de 8 rebaños de ganado de doble propósito criados extensivamente (n = 342 hembras, 35 macos) obtenidos en(Gran Pajonal, Ucayali, Perú). Sobre la base de la sensibilidad 89% de esta prueba de ELISA, sin embargo, la prevalencia de BLV en esta muestra es 2,55 + + 1,59%. Aunque todos los rebaños analizados estaban infectados en diferentes grados, y las frecuencias más altas de anticuerpos fueron encontrados en animales adultos (vacas = l2.9%, toros = 28,6%), la incidencia global de reactores BLV es bajo en comparación con otras áreas de las zonas tropicales del Perú, como Pucallpa. Por esta razón, los controles deben ser establecidos para prevenir la introducción de animales infectados BLV a esta importante zona poten...

The aim of the study was to determine the relative in vitro ARNm expression levels of IL-2 and IL-10 in peripheral blood leukocytes by real time RT-PCR and relative quantification using the 2-ΔΔCt method in presence of clostridial antigens and GAPDH as an endogenous control. Whole blood was collected from 10 adult alpacas. Samples were centrifuged to obtain leukocytes using the Ficoll reagent, purified with ammonium chloride and cultured in 24-well plates at a concentration of 500 000 live cells/ml minimal essential medium (MEM) with clostridial extract suspensions at concentrations of 400, 16, 0.8 and 0.2 µg/ml. Subsequently, the RT-qPCR test was performed. IL-2 kinetic expression patterns were inversely proportional to the clostridial antigen dose in the three incubation times (p>0.05), unlike IL-10 which its kinetic expression patterns were variable, reaching its maximum at 12 h...

Cystozoites obtained from macrocysts of Sarcocystis aucheniae, collected from alpaca meat infected with sarcocystiosis, were inoculated onto primary monolayer cultures of alpaca turbinate (AT) and secondary monolayer of bovine kidney (BHK) and monkey kidney (VERO) cells. Sporozoites entered the cells, formed large and small multinucleate schizonts, and produced large numbers of cystozoites of perinuclear position. Continuous cultivation from the original cystozoite inoculum was maintained for more than 150 days by inoculating cystozoites onto new cultures of AT, BHK and VERO cells. During this time, the capacity to produce both types of schizonts was preserved. The reproduction of cystozoites of S. aucheniae in tissue culture was confirmed using the Giemsa stain and the fluorescence microscopy and immunoperoxidase test, both of them, using antibodies anti S. aucheniae produced in rabbit.

Cistozoitos obtenidos a partir de macroquistes de Sarcocystis aucheniae presentes en carne de alpacas con sarcocistiosis fueron inoculados en cultivo primario de células de cornete nasal de feto de alpaca (CNA) y en líneas de células establecidas de riñón de bovino (BHK) y de mono (VERO). Los cistozoitos ingresaron a todas las células, transformándose en grandes y pequeños esquizontes multinucleares o en estadios como quistes, produciendo gran cantidad de merozoitos, todos de posición perinuclear. Cultivos continuos a partir del inóculo original de cistozoitos fueron mantenidos por más de 150 días por subcultivo de cistozoitos sobre nuevos cultivos de células CNA, BHK y VERO. Durante este tiempo, se mantuvo la capacidad de producir ambos tipos de esquizontes. Se confirmó la reproducción de los cistozoitos por tinción Giemsa y mediante inmunofluorescencia e inmunoperoxidas...

The objective of the present study was to monitor the detection of the Epizootic Hematopoietic Necrosis virus (EHNv) in trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in fish farms of the highlands of Peru. Samples were taken from 111 diseased fish (liver, spleen, anterior kidney) from fish farms in the regions of Ancash, Junín and Huancavelica, Peru. The tissue samples were processed immediately for bacterial isolation and another group of samples were stored at -196 °C for PCR. The DNA of each tissue was extracted by the Trizol method and then purified with silica membranes (PureLink Genomic DNA kit). The PCR was performed using the MCP-1 primers specific for the EHNv, following the methodology proposed by the OIE and with the commercial kit VetPCRTM EHNV Detection for confirmation. Bacterial isolation was carried out by culturing on TSA and Anacker- Ordal agar (Cytophaga agar) of each tissue, and the...

The objective of the present study was to monitor the detection of the Epizootic Hematopoietic Necrosis virus (EHNv) in trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in fish farms of the highlands of Peru. Samples were taken from 111 diseased fish (liver, spleen, anterior kidney) from fish farms in the regions of Ancash, Junín and Huancavelica, Peru. The tissue samples were processed immediately for bacterial isolation and another group of samples were stored at -196 °C for PCR. The DNA of each tissue was extracted by the Trizol method and then purified with silica membranes (PureLink Genomic DNA kit). The PCR was performed using the MCP-1 primers specific for the EHNv, following the methodology proposed by the OIE and with the commercial kit VetPCRTM EHNV Detection for confirmation. Bacterial isolation was carried out by culturing on TSA and Anacker- Ordal agar (Cytophaga agar) of each tissue, and the...

The aim of the present study was to determine the spleen cytoarchitecture in alpacafetuses of different stages of development. Sixteen alpaca fetuses were obtained fromfemale alpacas slaughtered in the central highlands of Peru. The fetuses were distributedin six groups according to their fetal age (55, 100, 120, 150, 180, and 200 days). Spleens were dissected and samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (cellular distribution),Masson ́s trichrome (collagen and muscle fibers), and periodic acid Schiff for argenticimpregnation (reticular fibers) for histological evaluation. Macroscopically, the spleen at55 days of age is slightly outlined, at 120 days is lobed with a triangular shape and at 150days had the appearance of the mature animal. Microscopically, at 55 days there is apredominance of transitional embryonic connective tissue to reticular tissue and somelymphoid cells are locate...

The efficacy of Newcastle disease virus La Sota strain (NDV-LS) attenuated vaccine for treating bovine papillomatosis was evaluated. A total of 64 crossbreed female dairy cattle with clinically diagnosed skin papillomatosis, reared in farms of Alto Mayo, San Martín, Peru were used in the study. A group of 34 animals were subcutaneously inoculated with 2 ml of NDV-LS attenuated vaccine (109 infective dose50 in egg) on day 0 and day 7, and were clinically evaluated on days 0, 7, 30, 45, and 60 after inoculation. The remainderanimals were kept as controls. Effective treatment was considered when at least 75% of papillomas successfully underwent to regression. Evaluation on day 60 showed the treatment to be effective in three animals (8.8%). No statistical difference was found with the control group. No secondary signs were observed in treated animals during the study. In conclusion, La Sot...

The aim of the Case-Control study was to determine the association between bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and reproductive failure in ewes from a commercial farm in the Central Sierra of Peru. Four hundred and forty ewes from two farm locations were randomly selected into two groups: the Case group (n=220) included barren and aborting ewes, and the Control group formed by ewes without reproductive failures. Blood samples were collected from both groups for testing antibodies against BVDV by the neutralization test. The 69.5 ± 4.4% (306/440) of ewes of both groups had antibodies against BVDV, while 73.6% (162/220) of seropositive ewes were from the Case group and 65.5% (144/ 220) were from the Control group. None statistical association between seropositive ewes and reproductive failures was found. Antibody titers against BVDV in both groups ranged from 2 to >256. The results indi...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of antibodies against Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) in flocks of layers hens using commercial ELISA kits. A total of 630 serum samples from 42 flocks in production of 28 commercial farms in the department of La Libertad and the province of Lima were collected from July 2004 till March 2005. The results indicated that 33.3% (14/42) flocks were seropositive [22.2% (6/27) in Lima and 53.3% (8/15) in La Libertad respectively], and without significant association between the infection and history of tumor problems, age, and genetic line. This is the first study conducted in commercial layer hens and the results showed the presence of the REV in Peru.

The objetive of this study was to determine the prevalence of brucelosis in goats at the province of Barranca, Lima (districts of Paramonga, Pativilca, Barranca and Supe). The Rose Bengal agglutination test was used in 392 female goats older than 3 months that were not vaccinated against brucellosis. No positive samples were found posibly due to the effective programme of control and eradication carried out since 1997 by the Ministry of Health and SENASA (Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria).