The canine Herpesvirus type 1 (CHV-1) is responsible for the canine hemorrhagic disease in puppies aged less than four weeks and for some reproductive problems in adult bitches. In Peru, the disease has been not reported, although there are findings suggesting its presence. Thus, the aim of this study was to show the presence of antibodies against CHV-1 among the canine population associated with history of reproductive problems. Blood samples from 28 animals belonging to seven districts of the province of Lima were collected. These dogs had a history of reproductive problems or neonatal mortality. Samples were submited to the indirect immunofluorescense test (IFAT), and nine of them (32 ± 17%) were positive to the test.

El Virus Herpes Canino tipo 1 (VHC-1) es responsable de la enfermedad hemorrágica canina en cachorros menores de cuatro semanas de vida y de algunos problemas reproductivos en perras adultas. En el Perú, la enfermedad no ha sido reportada, aunque existen hallazgos que sugieren su presencia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue demostrar la presencia de anticuerpos contra el VHC-1 entre la población canina con antecedentes asociados a problemas reproductivos. Se recolectaron muestras de sangre de 28 animales procedentes de siete distritos de la provincia de Lima que tuvieron algún antecedente relacionado a problemas reproductivos o mortalidad neonatal. Las muestras fueron analizadas con la prueba de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) donde nueve canes (32 ± 17%) resultaron positivos.

The objective of the present study was to study the cytoarchitectural structure of the cervical and thoracic segments of thymus in alpaca (Lama pacos) fetuses. For this purpose, 10 fetuses between 40-190 days of gestation were collected form the local slaughterhouse. At day 40, the developing thymus has acinar cytoarchitectural morphology, infiltrated by a few lymphoid cells surrounded by mesenchymal cells. At day 60, the cervical segment looks like a «follicular» lymphoid, densely populated by thymocytes, whereas the thoracic region has a cystic appearance with short trabecular projections. Cortex and medulla differentiation starts in the posterior cervical and thoracic segments by day 100 and in the anterior cervical segments by day 130, and is well established by day 165. The thymic capsule remained as a double cellular layer of lax connective tissue. Subcapsular and trabecular bloo...

The aim of the present study was to determine the spleen cytoarchitecture in alpacafetuses of different stages of development. Sixteen alpaca fetuses were obtained fromfemale alpacas slaughtered in the central highlands of Peru. The fetuses were distributedin six groups according to their fetal age (55, 100, 120, 150, 180, and 200 days). Spleens were dissected and samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (cellular distribution),Masson ́s trichrome (collagen and muscle fibers), and periodic acid Schiff for argenticimpregnation (reticular fibers) for histological evaluation. Macroscopically, the spleen at55 days of age is slightly outlined, at 120 days is lobed with a triangular shape and at 150days had the appearance of the mature animal. Microscopically, at 55 days there is apredominance of transitional embryonic connective tissue to reticular tissue and somelymphoid cells are locate...

The aim of the present study was to determine the spleen cytoarchitecture in alpacafetuses of different stages of development. Sixteen alpaca fetuses were obtained fromfemale alpacas slaughtered in the central highlands of Peru. The fetuses were distributedin six groups according to their fetal age (55, 100, 120, 150, 180, and 200 days). Spleens were dissected and samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (cellular distribution),Masson ́s trichrome (collagen and muscle fibers), and periodic acid Schiff for argenticimpregnation (reticular fibers) for histological evaluation. Macroscopically, the spleen at55 days of age is slightly outlined, at 120 days is lobed with a triangular shape and at 150days had the appearance of the mature animal. Microscopically, at 55 days there is apredominance of transitional embryonic connective tissue to reticular tissue and somelymphoid cells are locate...

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el estudio citoarquitectural de los segmentos cervicales y torácicos del timo en fetos de alpaca (Lama pacos). Se recolectaron 10 fetos entre 40 y 190 días de desarrollo para ser sometidos a estudio histológico. A los 40 días, el esbozo del timo tiene una morfología citoarquitectural de tipo acinar infiltrado por escasas células linfocíticas y rodeado por células mesenquimales. A los 60 días, el segmento cervical se presenta como un “folículo” linfoide densamente poblado por timocitos, mientras que la región torácica tiene una apariencia cavitaria con proyecciones trabeculares cortas. La diferenciación de corteza y médula se inicia en los segmentos cervicales posteriores y torácicos a los 100 días y en los segmentos cervicales anteriores a los 130 días. Todos los segmentos presentan disposición lobulillar bien definidos en cortez...

A case of bovine fetal abortion due to Actinomyces pyogenes in a dairy herd of Cieneguilla valley of Lima, Peru is reported. A bovine fetus of four monts of gestation was aborted and submitted for laboratory examination. Macroscopic lesions in fetal tissues were not found with the exception of numerous white foci up to 1mm in diameter in diameter in the lungs. Various fetal tissue samples were collected for virologic, bacteriologic and histopathologic examinations. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Neospora caninum antigen were ruled out by immunohistochemistry but, pure colonies of A. pyogenes were isolated from the lung and other fetal tissues. The microscopic examination showed moderate to severe bronchopneumonia associated to pyogenic bacterium. The isolation of A. pyogenes, the macro and microscopic lesions and the absence of BVDV an N. caninum antigen in the fetal tissues indi...

The present study evaluated the conferred protection by a program of vaccination at an age that was determined by the Deventer formula against a challenge with a standard strain of the Infectious Bursal Disease virus (IBDV) in broiler chickens. There were three experimental groups. The group A was vaccinated at 10 days of age with a Lukert strain (intermediate-mild) and at 18 days with CE strain (intermediate-intermediate); group B vaccinated at 21 days old (according to the Deventer formula) with the 228TC strain (intermediate-intermediate); and group C were not vaccinated (control). At 35 days of age, 45 birds of each group were challenged with a standard strain F 52/70 of the IBDV. The protection was measured through clinical signs, bursal index (B.I.), gross and microscopic lesions, and serology. All groups presented clinical signs and bursal oedema until 10 days post challenge. The ...

The present study was carried out to characterize the distribution and an association of hair follicles of alpaca skin. Samples were collected from 42 young Suri and Huacaya alpacas, of both sexes and with various hair colours. Samples were collected by punch skin biopsy in the middle costal zone and processed for histological study using H-E staining. Hair follicles formed follicular nests distributed as a compound follicle group (CFG) and simple follicle group (SFG). The first was composed of primary follicles surrounded by secondary follicles, while that latter was only composed of secondary follicles. Furthermore, primary follicles can be solitary and named Extra Primary Follicle Follicular Group (EPFFG) or forming compound follicle groups named Internal Primary Follicle Follicular Group (IPFFG). Follicular groups are formed by one or more primary follicles and a variable number of s...

El presente estudio evaluó la protección conferida por un programa de vacunación a la edad determinada por la fórmula Deventer frente a un desafío experimental con una cepa estándar del virus de la Enfermedad Infecciosa de la Bursa (EIB) en pollos de carne. Se formaron tres grupos experimentales. El grupo A vacunado a los 10 días de edad con la cepa Lukert (intermedia-suave) y a los 18 días con la cepa CE (intermedia-intermedia); el grupo B vacunado a los 21 días de edad (según la fórmula Deventer) con la cepa 228TC (intermedia-intermedia); y el grupo C no vacunado (control). A los 35 días de edad, 45 aves de cada grupo fueron desafiadas con la cepa estándar F 52/70 del virus de la EIB. La protección fue medida a través de signos clínicos, índice bursal (I.B.), lesiones macroscópicas y microscópicas, y serología. Todos los grupos presentaron signos clínicos y edema b...

El presente estudio tuvo el propósito de caracterizar la distribución y asociación de los folículos que conforman la piel de la alpaca. Se tomaron muestras de piel de 42 crías de alpacas Suri y Huacaya, de ambos sexos, y diversos colores de manto. Las muestras se colectaron con sacabocado de la zona del costillar medio y fueron procesadas mediante técnicas histológicas estándares, utilizando la coloración H y E. Los folículos pilosos se encuentran formando nidos foliculares, distribuidos como grupos foliculares compuestos (GFC) y grupos foliculares simples (GFS). Los primeros se encuentran conformados por folículos primarios rodeados de folículos secundarios, mientras que los GFS solo están conformados por folículos secundarios. Además, los folículos primarios pueden ser solitarios, denominados folículo primario extra grupo folicular (FPEGF) o formando parte de un grupo ...

Se describe un caso de aborto bovino debido a la bacteria Actinomyces pyogenes ocurrido en un hato lechero del valle de Cieneguilla, Lima, Perú. El feto de 4 meses de desarrollo fue abortado en completo estado de autolisis y fue remitido al laboratorio para su análisis. En la necropsia, la única lesión macroscópica observada fue de unos pequeños nódulos blanquecinos en el pulmón. Se colectó muestras de diferentes tejidos como riñón, pulmón, corazón y encéfalo para el descarte del virus de la diarrea viral bovina (VDVB) y Neospora caninum mediante pruebas inmunohistoquímicas y para el cultivo bacteriano. No se detectó antígenos del VDVB ni de N. caninum en los tejidos del feto, pero se aisló en cultivo puro una bacteria identificada bioquímicamente como A. pyogenes. El examen histopatológico del pulmón indicó una moderada a severa bronconeumonía supurativa aguda aso...

This study was designed to assess the susceptibility of turtle-doves (Eupelia cruziana) to Newcastle virus. A group of 15 turtle-doves was inoculated with a velogenic viscerotropic strain of the Newcastle virus, and a group of 15 was used as control. Both groups were raised in the same environmental conditions and were fed with similar feeds, but kept separate. Clinical signs and mortality were recorded. Blood samples were tested by the hemaglutination inhibition technique and tissue samples were collected for virus recovery and histological studies. From the inoculated group, 6 birds showed nervous signs like head tremors, neck torsion and uncoordinated movements, and three of them died. Macroscopic lesions were observed on the nervous system. Histological lesions were observed in the brain, and in lungs and tracheal epithelium. An increase in the antibody titers was observed at the 7th...

A real time RT-PCR assay was standardized and validated for detection of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Tonsil tissue and lymph nodules that were positive (n=36) and negative (n= 30) to CSFV by immunofluorescence test (IF) were selected. The viral RNA extraction, the complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis and real time RT- PCR were performed using commercial kits. Three sets of primers were tested for amplification of a conserved region (5’UTR) of panpestivirus and 5’UTR Chinese strain and the E2 glycoprotein region (E2 PPC) against reference strains of CSFV: Alfort/187, Brescia, and a vaccine Chinese strain as positive controls, and strains of the bovine viral diarrhea virus, border disease virus and porcine rotavirus as negative controls. The 83.3 ± 12.3% (30/36) of positive simples to CSFV by IF test was positive for virus isolation and the 96.7 ± 3.3% (29/30) of negative sampl...

Se estandarizó y validó la técnica de Transcriptasa Reversa - Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (RT-T-PCR) en tiempo real para el diagnóstico de la Peste Porcina Clásica (PPC). Se utilizó extractos de tonsilas y nódulos linfáticos de porcinos positivos (n=36) y negativos (n=30) a PPC mediante inmunofluorescencia (IF). La extracción de ARN viral, síntesis del ADN complementario y PCR en tiempo real se realizaron utilizando kits comerciales. Se utilizaron tres pares de cebadores para amplificar una región conservada (5’UTR) del virus PPC (VPPC) y del panpestivirus (virus de la DVB y EF) y una región codificante de la proteína E2 del VPPC frente a cepas de referencia del VPPC Alfort/187, Brescia y cepa China vacunal como controles positivos y cepas de los virus diarrea viral bovina, enfermedad de la frontera y rotavirus porcino como controles negativos. El 83.3 ± 12.3% (3...

Con el objetivo de evaluar la susceptibilidad de la Eupelia cruziana (tórtola) al virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle, se inocularon 15 aves adultas con una cepa de virus velogénico viscerotrópico de la enfermedad de Newcastle y 15 fueron usadas como control. Ambos grupos fueron sometidos a similares condiciones ambientales y de alimentación pero en lugares separados. Se llevó un registro de signos clínicos y mortalidad y se tomaron muestras de sangre para la prueba de Inhibición de la Hemaglutinación y muestras de tejidos para evaluación histopatológica y recuperación viral. Seis aves del grupo inoculado presentaron signos clínicos de tipo nervioso (tremores en cabeza, torsión de pescuezo e incoordinación para desplazarse) y tres de éstas murieron. Lesiones macroscópicas y microscópicas fueron observadas en el sistema nervioso y en el análisis histopatológico se obser...

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el estudió anatómo-histológico de los órganos linfoides de 10 alpacas, 5 hembras y 5 machos entre los 2 y 8 años de edad: Ganglios linfáticos, bazo, timo, placas de Peyer. El estudio histológico se realizó usando 3 técnicas de coloración: Hematoxilina - Eosina (Distribución celular), Verhoeff (Para fibras colágenas) y Gomori (Para fibras reticulares). Anatómicamente los ganglios linfáticos son irregulares superficialmente y seudolobulados. El timo fue encontrado aún en alpacas adultas y muestran tres lobulaciones sucesivas, los lóbulos mayores están conformados por sublóbulos medianos ínterdependientes que a su vez están conformados por los lobulillos tímicos. Las placas de peyer muestran diferentes dimensiones entre alpacas siendo imperceptibles en algunos animales. Histológicamente los ganglios linfáticos son similares a los d...

Los  informes escritos post-mortem (incluyendo láminas de histopatología) de necropsias realizadas en 3211 caninos en el Laboratorio de Histopatología de la Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidad de San Marcos entre 1973 y 1999 fueron analizados. De este total, las lesiones neoplásicas se encontraron en 693 (21,21%) de los casos, incluyendo 147 (3,11%), tumores mamarios. Entre las hembras, los tumores mamarios componen el 40.83% (147/360) de todas las neoplasias, incluyendo 90 casos de adenocarcinoma, y fueron más comunes en los animales de 6 años o más. Incidencia entre razas fue: Pug (33,33%), Dachshund (25%), Terrier (28,57%), y Cocker Spaniel (28,13%).

The objective of the study was to determine the susceptibility, pathological effect, and serological response induced by a velogenic viscerotropic strain of Newcastle disease virus (vvNDV). For this purpose, 40 female quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were raised. Twenty were nasal and ocular inoculated with a vvNDV strain and 20 remained as a control group. Tissue samples and cloacae swaps of all birds were collected for histopathology analysis and virus isolation. Blood samples were collected during 5 weeks after the viral challenge to detect antibodies against NC virus using the hemaglutination inhibition (HI) test. In 40% of the inoculated birds was observed severe clinical signs and 20% mortality. The inoculated group registered an increase in the antibody level after day 7 post inoculation (MGT 6.1), reaching the highest level at 14 days post inoculation (MGT 29.9), whereas the c...

The objective of the study was to determine the susceptibility, pathological effect, and serological response induced by a velogenic viscerotropic strain of Newcastle disease virus (vvNDV). For this purpose, 40 female quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were raised. Twenty were nasal and ocular inoculated with a vvNDV strain and 20 remained as a control group. Tissue samples and cloacae swaps of all birds were collected for histopathology analysis and virus isolation. Blood samples were collected during 5 weeks after the viral challenge to detect antibodies against NC virus using the hemaglutination inhibition (HI) test. In 40% of the inoculated birds was observed severe clinical signs and 20% mortality. The inoculated group registered an increase in the antibody level after day 7 post inoculation (MGT 6.1), reaching the highest level at 14 days post inoculation (MGT 29.9), whereas the c...