A case of bovine fetal abortion due to Actinomyces pyogenes in a dairy herd of Cieneguilla valley of Lima, Peru is reported. A bovine fetus of four monts of gestation was aborted and submitted for laboratory examination. Macroscopic lesions in fetal tissues were not found with the exception of numerous white foci up to 1mm in diameter in diameter in the lungs. Various fetal tissue samples were collected for virologic, bacteriologic and histopathologic examinations. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Neospora caninum antigen were ruled out by immunohistochemistry but, pure colonies of A. pyogenes were isolated from the lung and other fetal tissues. The microscopic examination showed moderate to severe bronchopneumonia associated to pyogenic bacterium. The isolation of A. pyogenes, the macro and microscopic lesions and the absence of BVDV an N. caninum antigen in the fetal tissues indi...

The effect of GnRH administered around the time of maternal recognition of prenancy on the embryonic survival rate was studied. It was used 67 adult female alpacas sexually receptive to the male, and bearing a preovulatory follicle ≥7mm, detected by rectal ultrasonography. Animals were distributed in three groups: G0 (n=23) as control; G1 (n=22) received 6 µg GnRH on day 4 after ovulation; and G2 (n=22) received 4 µg GnRH on days 8 and 9 after ovulation. The ocurrence of ovulation was confirmed through the detection of a corpus luteum (CL) on day 5 after ovulation. Fertilization and gestation viab-ility were monitored by CL development, structural changes of the uterine horns and presence of the embryonic vesicle on days 12, 18, 25 and 30 after ovulation, using rectal ultrasonography. The female sexual receptivity to the male was simultaneously evaluated. The number of females that o...

The aim of this study was to determine the phenotype and genotype of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) in Peruvian cattle. During the period 1998-2007, tissues of aborted foetus, blood, serum or plasma samples of bovine with acute infection or persistently infected from dairy herds of various locations in the country were collected and the BVDV antigen was detected by immnunofluorescence or capture ELISA tests, and positive samples were inoculated en BVDV free BT cells and cultured until third passage to determine the biotype. Both animal tissues and third passage of positive samples were tested by a Real Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for genotyping the strains. Forty one BVDV strains were isolated in BT cells. Eighty five percent (35/41) of the isolates were non-cytopathic and 14.6% (6/41) cytophatic. Forty five and a half percent (25/55) and 74.5% (41/...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el fenotipo y genotipo de cepas del Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina (VDVB) aisladas de bovinos de diversos lugares del Perú. Entre 1998 y 2007 se colectó muestras de tejidos de fetos abortados, sangre, suero o plasma de bovinos con infección aguda o portadores del virus procedente de las principales cuencas lecheras del país para la búsqueda del antígeno del VDVB mediante inmunofluorescencia y ELISA de captura. Las muestras positivas al antígeno viral fueron cultivadas en monocapas de células de cornete nasal de feto bovino (CNB), libre del VDVB hasta el tercer pasaje, para determinar el biotipo. Las muestras positivas, tanto de los tejidos como del tercer pasaje, fueron procesadas por la técnica RT-PCR en tiempo real, para determinar el genotipo viral. Se aislaron 41 cepas del VDVB en CNB. El 85.4% (35/41) correspondieron al feno...

Se describe un caso de aborto bovino debido a la bacteria Actinomyces pyogenes ocurrido en un hato lechero del valle de Cieneguilla, Lima, Perú. El feto de 4 meses de desarrollo fue abortado en completo estado de autolisis y fue remitido al laboratorio para su análisis. En la necropsia, la única lesión macroscópica observada fue de unos pequeños nódulos blanquecinos en el pulmón. Se colectó muestras de diferentes tejidos como riñón, pulmón, corazón y encéfalo para el descarte del virus de la diarrea viral bovina (VDVB) y Neospora caninum mediante pruebas inmunohistoquímicas y para el cultivo bacteriano. No se detectó antígenos del VDVB ni de N. caninum en los tejidos del feto, pero se aisló en cultivo puro una bacteria identificada bioquímicamente como A. pyogenes. El examen histopatológico del pulmón indicó una moderada a severa bronconeumonía supurativa aguda aso...

El efecto de la GnRH sobre el porcentaje de supervivencia embrionaria durante el periodo del reconocimiento maternal de la preñez, fue evaluado en 67 alpacas adultas receptivas al macho y que a la ecografía presentaban un folículo preovulatorio ≥7 mm. Los animales se distribuyeron en 3 grupos: G0 (n=23) como control; G1(n=22) que recibió 6 µg GnRH el día 4 post-ovulación; y G2(n=22) que recibió 4 µg GnRH los días 8 y 9 postovulación. La ocurrencia de ovulación fue confirmada por la detección del cuerpo lúteo (CL) en el día 5 post-ovulación. La fertilización y viabilidad de la gestación fue monitoreada por el desarrollo del CL, cambios estructurales de los cuernos uterinos y presencia de la vesícula embrionaria en los días 12, 18, 25 y 30 post-ovulación por ecografía transrectal de los ovarios y útero. Simultáneamente se evaluó la receptividad sexual de la hembr...

Antibodies against Parainfluenza 3 (PI3) virus were determined in pigs from commercial (n= 192) and backyard farms (n=192). Blood samples were collected at the slaughter house from pigs of 2 to 6 months of age of any sex for detecting antibodies against the PI3 virus by viral neutralization test. The 5.5 ± 2.3% (21/384) of the pigs had antibodies against PI3 virus, where 5.2 ± 1.1% (10/192) and 5.7 ± 1.2% (11/192) were from commercial and backyard farms respectively. The antibody titres ranged from 4 to 64 and were detected in pigs older than 3 months of age. The results shows the presence of PI3 in the pig population.

Antibodies against Parainfluenza 3 (PI3) virus were determined in pigs from commercial (n= 192) and backyard farms (n=192). Blood samples were collected at the slaughter house from pigs of 2 to 6 months of age of any sex for detecting antibodies against the PI3 virus by viral neutralization test. The 5.5 ± 2.3% (21/384) of the pigs had antibodies against PI3 virus, where 5.2 ± 1.1% (10/192) and 5.7 ± 1.2% (11/192) were from commercial and backyard farms respectively. The antibody titres ranged from 4 to 64 and were detected in pigs older than 3 months of age. The results shows the presence of PI3 in the pig population.

The prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection was evaluated in 347 criollo cattle of both sexes and older than 6 months of age in small herds of the province of Melgar, Puno. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against BVDV using the viral neutralization test. The 48.7 ± 0.1% (166/347) of the samples had antibodies against BVDV. Animals carrying on the virus virus were not detected. Antibodies were detected in all sampled herds and the prevalence varied from 15.7 to 94.1%. Antibodies titers varied from 2 to >256, showing that BVDV infection is widespread in the local cattle population, suggesting the presence of factors promoting the viral distribution such livestock fairs and lack of control for animal movements within the region.

Antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and antigen of BVDV wereevaluated in serum samples from cattle aged 10 to 23 months (n = 148) from a dairy herdwhere the disease eradication has been carrying out since 2002. The herd is located inSanta Rita, Arequipa, Perú, and samples were collected twice on a 30-day interval.Antibodies against BVDV and BVDV antigen were analyzed by viral neutralization andcapture ELISA tests respectively. Neutralising antibodies against BVDV were detected in6.8% (10/148) of animals, and most reactors were 19 to 23 months of age. The antibodytiter ranged from 8 to >256. None persistently infected (PI) animals were found. Theincidence of infection and seroconversion in the second set of samples was nill. Theseresults suggested that the antibodies against the BVD corresponded to residual antibodiesfrom previous infections. In addition, the results...

El estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar la seroprevalencia del virus de la diarrea viral (VDVB) en bovinos criollos de la provincia de Melgar, Puno. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre de bovinos (n= 347) machos y hembras mayores a seis meses de edad para la detección de anticuerpos neutralizantes mediante la prueba de neutralización viral. El 48.7 ± 0.1% (166/347) de los animales presentó anticuerpos contra el VDVB. No se detectaron animales portadores del virus. Anticuerpos fueron detectados en animales de todos los distritos con prevalencias entre 15.7 a 94.1%. Los títulos de anticuerpos estuvieron en un rango de 2 a >256, indicando que el VDVB está ampliamente difundido en bovinos de la zona. Las altas prevalencias de anticuerpos evidencian intensa actividad viral; así mismo, los títulos altos indican infecciones recientes y sugieren la existencia de factores que promueven la...

Anticuerpos contra el virus de la diarrea viral bovina (VDVB) y antígeno del VDVB fueron evaluados en muestras de suero obtenidos en dos oportunidades, con intervalo de 30 días, en animales de 10 a 23 meses de edad (n = 148) de un establo de bovinos productores de leche que se encuentra en proceso de erradicación de la enfermedad de la diarrea viral bovina (DVB) desde 2002 . El establo está localizado en Santa Rita, Arequipa. Los anticuerpos y el antígeno viral se analizaron mediante las pruebas de neutralización viral y ELISA de captura, respectivamente. El 6.8% (10/148) de los animales presentaron anticuerpos contra el VDVB, existiendo un mayor número de animales con anticuerpos en el grupo etario de 19 a 23 meses de edad. Los títulos de anticuerpos variaron entre 8 a >256. No se detectaron animales portadores (PI) ni se encontró seroconversión en el segundo muestreo, lo q...

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Border Disease virus (BDV) in breeding sheep from a large cooperative farm in the central highlands of Peru. Blood samples from apparently healthy sheep of 4 years old, both sexes (female = 165; male = 165) were collected for antibodies detection against BVDV and BDV using the virus neutralisation test. The 2.1 ± 1.5% (7/330) and 28.5 ± 4.9% (94/330) of breeding sheep had antibodies against BVDV and BDV respectively, with antibodies titers of 1:2 and 1:16. There was significant association between sex and presence of antibodies against BDV (females: 53.3 ± 7.6%; males: 3.6 ± 2.9%) (p<0.05).

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de los virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina (VDVB) y de la Enfermedad de la Frontera (VEF) en ovinos reproductores procedentes de una empresa ovejera de la sierra central del país. Se colectaron muestras de sangre de ovinos reproductores hembras (n=165) y machos (n=165) aparentemente sanos, con un promedio de edad de cuatro años, y criados en forma extensiva. Los anticuerpos contra VDVB y VEF se detectaron mediante la prueba de neutralización viral. El 2.1 ± 1.5% (7/330) y 28.5 ± 4.9% (94/330) de ovinos reproductores tuvieron anticuerpos contra el VDVB y VEF, respectivamente, con títulos de anticuerpos de 1:2 a 1:16. Se encontró asociación significativa entre el sexo del animal y la presencia de anticuerpos contra el VEF (hembras: 53.3 ± 7.6%; machos: 3.6 ± 2.9%) (p<0.05).

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and persistently infected (PI) animals in dairy herds located in Majes, Arequipa, Peru. In the first phase, 204 bulk tank milk samples from to 204 herds were collected al the local commercial processing plant in Majes for detection of antibodies against BVDV by indirect ELISA test. In the second phase, 286 blood samples were collected from 57 strong positive (Optical Density [OD] ? 0.900) herds for the detection of antibodies against BVDV and in PI animals by the indirect and capture ELISAs respectively. In the third phase, blood samples were collected from all animals ranging from 6 to 24 months of age from three herds that had at least one PI animal. The prevalence of BVDV in the 204 herds was 98.0 ± 1.9% (200/204), and the level of antibodies ranged from 0.300 to 2.350 OD. The 47.2% (13...

A study was conducted to determine the effect of culling BVDV carrier animals on the seroconversion against BVDV in the new generation of heifers from a dairy herd located in Arequipa, Peru. Blood samples were collected to 6-12 month old females in four sampling periods: January (n=73), June (n=48), October 2003 (n=48), and January 2004 (n=35) to evaluate their serological status against BVDV and to screen for carrier animals using the virus neutralization and antigen-capture ELISA tests, respectively. The prevalence of BVDV was 80.8 ± 9.0, 56.3 ± 14.0, 50.0 ± 14.2 and 22.9 ± 13.9% in the first, second, third and fourth sampling period, respectively. There were 2.7% (2/73) of carrier heifers in the group sampled in January 2003, and none in the subsequent sampling periods. The incidence of BVDV infection was 12/100 heifers per month from January 2003 till January 2004. The logistic r...

The objetive of this study was to detect antibodies against vesicular stomatitisvirus (VSV) in collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) from farms of Iquitos and Pucallpa,Peru. Blood samples were collected in animals olders than 6 months of age (pregnantfemales were not included) from a farm in Iquitos (n = 21) and from four farms in Pucallpa(n = 47), for detection of antibodies against Indiana 1 and New Jersey serotype of VSVby viral neutralization test. No specific antibodies against both serotypes of VSV weredetected, indicating that the peccaries were not exposed to VSV, and suggesting absenceof the infection in those animals.

In the study was evaluated the persistence of maternal antibodies levels against the Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFV) in piglets born from vaccinated sows from two farms (A and B) with different vaccination strategies against CSFV. In farm A sows were vaccinated at 90 days of gestation and in farm B at 18 - 21 days postpartum. Serum samples were collected from piglets of both farms, at first (n=15), third (n=15), fifth (n=15) and seventh (n=15) weeks of age, and from 15 sows from each farm A for detection of antibodies against CSFV by the indirect ELISA test. All piglets had maternal antibodies against CSFV at first week of age, persisting in most of them to the seventh week of age. Significant differences between farms were found (p<0.05) on levels of maternal antibodies in piglets at first and third week of age. Also, higher variability on antibody levels was observed n piglets an...

In the study was evaluated the persistence of maternal antibodies levels against the Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFV) in piglets born from vaccinated sows from two farms (A and B) with different vaccination strategies against CSFV. In farm A sows were vaccinated at 90 days of gestation and in farm B at 18 - 21 days postpartum. Serum samples were collected from piglets of both farms, at first (n=15), third (n=15), fifth (n=15) and seventh (n=15) weeks of age, and from 15 sows from each farm A for detection of antibodies against CSFV by the indirect ELISA test. All piglets had maternal antibodies against CSFV at first week of age, persisting in most of them to the seventh week of age. Significant differences between farms were found (p<0.05) on levels of maternal antibodies in piglets at first and third week of age. Also, higher variability on antibody levels was observed n piglets an...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia del virus de la diarrea viral bovina (VDVB) y de animales persistentemente infectados (PI) en bovinos productores de leche en la Irrigación de Majes, Arequipa. En la primera fase del estudio, se colectaron 204 muestras de leche de tanque (una por hato) en la planta local de procesamiento de leche, para la detección de anticuerpos contra el VDVB mediante la prueba de ELISA indirecta. En la segunda fase se seleccionaron de modo arbitrario a 57 hatos con anticuerpos contra el VDVB con densidades ópticas (DO) iguales o mayores a 0.900. Se colectaron 286 muestras de suero sanguíneo de estos hatos para conocer el estado serológico de cada animal y la búsqueda de animales PI mediante ELISA indirecta y ELISA de captura, respectivamente. En la tercera fase se obtuvieron muestras de suero de la totalidad de terneras y vaquillas (...