The aim of this study was to compare the germination of perennial soybean (Nenotonia wightii) cv. Cooper based on two methods of scarification (hot water and mechanical scarification) versus control treatment (without scarification). Mechanical scarification consisted of scraping the seed with sandpaper (# 125) by hand for 5 minutes. Scarification with hot water consisted of placing the seeds in boiling point water in a 1:3 seed:water ratio for 24 hours. The percentage of germinated seeds was higher in the mechanical scarification treatment with sandpaper (p<0.05) and similar between the treatment with hot water and the control. The highest germination percentage was 37.5, 40, and 96% on days 14, 12, and 9 for the control, hot water, and mechanical scarification treatments, respectively.

The small intestine of 10 apparently healthy adult alpacas was collected in the municipal slaughterhouse of Huancavelica, Peru to describe the anatomical characteristics of Peyer's patches. The highest number of Peyer's patches was observed in the jejunum, followed by the duodenum and ileum (p<0.05), but the highest density was observed in the ileum (p<0.05). There were no significant differences by effect of the sex of the animals. The location with reference to the transverse plane of the intestine was 65.88% on the anti-mesenteric border, 27.87% on the lateral border and 11.40% on the mesenteric border (p<0.05). No clear pattern of distribution with reference to the longitudinal plane was found, except at the level of the ileal valve (2-3 cyst shape Peyer's patches bordering the ileal ring.) Several forms of presentation were observed: the nodular form in the duodenum and jej...

The association between leptospiral infection and reproductive problems in ewes from a large sheep enterprise in Junin, Peru, was evaluated in a Case-Control study during the breeding season of 2003. Serum samples from 2-10 year-old ewes with abortion or infertility problems (Case group, n = 220) and from ewes without reproductive problems (Control group, n = 220) were collected for the detection of antibodies against Leptospira serovar: pomona, hardjo, canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, grippotyphosa, wolffi, ballum and bratislava by the microscopic agglutination test. The prevalence of Leptospira sp. was 24.8 ± 4.6%, corresponding 28.6 ± 7.0% to the Case group and 20.9 ± 5.9% to the Control group. No statistic association between leptospiral antibodies and reproductive problems was found by the Chi Square test. The highest serological prevalence (42.2%) was recorded for serovar ballum f...

The association between leptospiral infection and reproductive problems in ewes from a large sheep enterprise in Junin, Peru, was evaluated in a Case-Control study during the breeding season of 2003. Serum samples from 2-10 year-old ewes with abortion or infertility problems (Case group, n = 220) and from ewes without reproductive problems (Control group, n = 220) were collected for the detection of antibodies against Leptospira serovar: pomona, hardjo, canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, grippotyphosa, wolffi, ballum and bratislava by the microscopic agglutination test. The prevalence of Leptospira sp. was 24.8 ± 4.6%, corresponding 28.6 ± 7.0% to the Case group and 20.9 ± 5.9% to the Control group. No statistic association between leptospiral antibodies and reproductive problems was found by the Chi Square test. The highest serological prevalence (42.2%) was recorded for serovar ballum f...

The aim of this study was to compare the germination of perennial soybean (Nenotonia wightii) cv. Cooper based on two methods of scarification (hot water and mechanical scarification) versus control treatment (without scarification). Mechanical scarification consisted of scraping the seed with sandpaper (# 125) by hand for 5 minutes. Scarification with hot water consisted of placing the seeds in boiling point water in a 1:3 seed:water ratio for 24 hours. The percentage of germinated seeds was higher in the mechanical scarification treatment with sandpaper (p<0.05) and similar between the treatment with hot water and the control. The highest germination percentage was 37.5, 40, and 96% on days 14, 12, and 9 for the control, hot water, and mechanical scarification treatments, respectively.

The small intestine of 10 apparently healthy adult alpacas was collected in the municipal slaughterhouse of Huancavelica, Peru to describe the anatomical characteristics of Peyer's patches. The highest number of Peyer's patches was observed in the jejunum, followed by the duodenum and ileum (p<0.05), but the highest density was observed in the ileum (p<0.05). There were no significant differences by effect of the sex of the animals. The location with reference to the transverse plane of the intestine was 65.88% on the anti-mesenteric border, 27.87% on the lateral border and 11.40% on the mesenteric border (p<0.05). No clear pattern of distribution with reference to the longitudinal plane was found, except at the level of the ileal valve (2-3 cyst shape Peyer's patches bordering the ileal ring.) Several forms of presentation were observed: the nodular form in the duodenum and jej...

En la presenta investigación se busca determinar la correlación entre las variables Apoyo Organizacional Percibido y Compromiso Organizacional en una institución privada de Lima. Se utilizó una muestra representativa de 135 teleoperadores de una empresa dedicada a un call center. La muestra estuvo conformada por un 56% de mujeres y un 44% de hombres, la edad promedio de ambos sexos fue de 24 años, el 73% ha nacido en Lima, el 26% en provincia y el 1% en el extranjero. Asimismo, en esta investigación se empleó la escala de Apoyo Organizacional Percibido de Eisenberger (1986) y la escala de Compromiso Organizacional de Meyer y Allen (1991). En esta investigación se concluyó que efectivamente el apoyo organizacional percibido y el compromiso organizacional presentan una relación positiva. La permanencia de un colaborador en la empresa dependerá de la percepción positiva de apoyo...

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the validity and safety of Ottawa's ankle rules (OAR) in the urgency department of referral hospital in Peru. Materials and methods: An observational-transversal study was conducted for a duration of 5 months (April–June 2016). Target population were all patients older than 18 years with a foot and ankle injury who came to the urgency department. A convenience non-randomised sampling was used. The OAR test was applied and X-rays of the foot and/or ankle were performed in all patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data obtained was analysed using the SPSS 20.0 software. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and likelihood ratio positive and negative were calculated from statistical analysis. Results: A total of 428 patients were evaluated. The OAR test's sensitivity was 97.2%, sp...

The nutrient use in forages livestock system production high Andean is little used. This study evaluated the response of fertilization on the association of cultivated grasses in dry of Dactilys (Dactylis glomerata var. Potomac) and red clover (Trifolium pratense var quiñequeli). The study area was located at 4350 m of altitude in to the Puna ecoregion in Ayaracra sector, Pasco region of Peru. The experimental design was randomized complete block with factorial 2x3x2; with two levels of nitrogen (0 to 50 kg/ha), three levels of phosphorus (0, 80 to 160 kg/ha) and two levels of potassium (0 to 30 kg/ha). Was evaluated were floristic composition, growth rate and pasture production. The results indicate that fertilization nitrogen (50 kg/ha) and phosphorus (80 kg/ha) showed effect a significant the growth rate and forage production. There was not an effect potassium fertilization on the va...

The nutrient use in forages livestock system production high Andean is little used. This study evaluated the response of fertilization on the association of cultivated grasses in dry of Dactilys (Dactylis glomerata var. Potomac) and red clover (Trifolium pratense var quiñequeli). The study area was located at 4350 m of altitude in to the Puna ecoregion in Ayaracra sector, Pasco region of Peru. The experimental design was randomized complete block with factorial 2x3x2; with two levels of nitrogen (0 to 50 kg/ha), three levels of phosphorus (0, 80 to 160 kg/ha) and two levels of potassium (0 to 30 kg/ha). Was evaluated were floristic composition, growth rate and pasture production. The results indicate that fertilization nitrogen (50 kg/ha) and phosphorus (80 kg/ha) showed effect a significant the growth rate and forage production. There was not an effect potassium fertilization on the va...

This study aimed to characterize the genetics nucleus of three alpaca production systems in the central highlands: community enterprises and cooperatives (CEC), communal farms (CF) and livestock associations (LA). The study was conducted in the period 2006 to 2008 and included the static diagnostic of 28 alpaca herds; evaluation of 30 community genetics nucleus and estimation of the production parameters of a central nucleus of alpaca breeders (ABCN) composed of the best alpacas of 22 livestock units. The results were: a) Static Diagnostic. The CEC exhibited better indicators that other production systems, fibre management and production (CEC 5.2, CF 4.9, LA 5.0 lb/alpaca), grassland area dedicated for alpaca breeding (CEC 3225, CF 1024, LA 195 ha), access to market (CEC national, CF and LA local) and registered animals (CEC 10.5, CF 0.9, LA 0%). b) Evaluation of the genetic nucleus. The...

El propósito del estudio fue caracterizar los planteles de tres sistemas de producción alpaquera de la sierra central: empresas y cooperativas comunales (ECC), granjas comunales (GC) y asociaciones de ganaderos (AG). Se realizó del 2006 al 2008, comprendiendo el diagnóstico estático de 28 hatos alpaqueros, evaluación de 30 planteles comunales y estimación de parámetros productivos del núcleo central de reproductores de alpacas (NCRA), procedentes de 22 unidades ganaderas. Los resultados fueron: a) Diagnóstico estático: las ECC exhibieron mejores indicadores que los otros sistemas de producción, en manejo y producción de fibra (ECC 5.2, GC 4.9, AG 5.0 lb/alpaca), extensión de tierras dedicadas a la crianza de alpacas (ECC 3225, GC 1024, AG 195 ha), acceso al mercado (ECC nacional, GC y AG local) y porcentaje de animales registrados (ECC 10.5, GC 0.9, AG 0%); b) Evaluación d...

The dynamics of primary production and nutritional value were evaluated based on the variation of dry matter yield, plant height, crude protein content, crude fibre, and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DM) in three phenological stages (floral bud, start of flowering and seed maturation) of three species of tropical grasses: para grass (Brachiaria mutica), molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora) and South African pigeon grass (Setaria sphacelata). The study was conducted in the province of Oxapampa, Pasco region (Peru) using a statistical design of divided plots for the variable of production of aerial biomass and completely randomized blocks for the nutritional value of the forage. B. mutica had the highest average height (97 cm), followed by S. sphacelata (55 cm) and M. minutiflora (40 cm). The superiority in height of B. mutica was reflected in the highest cumulative dry matter prod...

Se evaluó la dinámica de la producción primaria y el valor nutritivo basado en la variación del rendimiento de materia seca, altura de planta, contenido de proteína cruda, fibra cruda y digestibilidad in vitro de materia seca (MS) en tres estados fenológicos (botón floral, inicio de floración y maduración de semilla) de tres especies de gramíneas tropicales: gramalote (Brachiaria mutica), gordura (Melinis minutiflora) y setaria (Setaria sphacelata). El estudio se realizó en la provincia de Oxapampa, región Pasco (Perú) utilizando un diseño estadístico de parcelas divididas para la variable de producción de biomasa aérea y de bloques completamente randomizado para las variables de valor nutritivo del forraje. B. mutica presentó la mayor altura promedio (97 cm), seguida por S. sphacelata (55 cm) y M. minutiflora (40 cm). La superioridad en altura de B. mutica se reflejó ...

Conscientes de que los procesos de investigación no pueden mejorar si no se conoce su estado actual, proponemos el presente trabajo, el cual a partir de las líneas y programas de la carrera de Ingeniería en Estadística Informática de La Facultad de Ciencias – ESPOCH, busca una aproximación a lainvestigación desarrollada en las carreras de estadística del país a nivel de pregrado. Para esto se realiza un estudio descriptivo, temporal e implicativo de 776 trabajos de titulación pertenecientes a las carreras de estadística de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, Escuela Politécnica del Litoral y Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo.Los resultados muestran ciertas tendencias en el número de trabajos de titulación, detalles sobre las sublíneas más investigadas y otras características importantes de cada una de las instituciones de educación superior.El análisis impl...

Conscientes de que los procesos de investigación no pueden mejorar si no se conoce su estado actual, proponemos el presente trabajo, el cual a partir de las líneas y programas de la carrera de Ingeniería en Estadística Informática de La Facultad de Ciencias – ESPOCH, busca una aproximación a lainvestigación desarrollada en las carreras de estadística del país a nivel de pregrado. Para esto se realiza un estudio descriptivo, temporal e implicativo de 776 trabajos de titulación pertenecientes a las carreras de estadística de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, Escuela Politécnica del Litoral y Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo.Los resultados muestran ciertas tendencias en el número de trabajos de titulación, detalles sobre las sublíneas más investigadas y otras características importantes de cada una de las instituciones de educación superior.El análisis impl...

Se evaluó la inclusión de una premezcla alimenticia de ingredientes no convencionales (PM-INC) en base a lupino, vicia, linaza y trigo como parte del lacto-reemplazante (LR). Se trabajó con 24 terneros machos Holstein cruzados recién nacidos, distribuidos en tres tratamientos: T1: leche entera (LE), T2 (LR-LDMC): LR con 80% leche descremada (LD) + 20% manteca de cerdo, T3 (LR-LDINC): LR con 75% LD + 25% PM-INC. La LE y LR fueron suministrados dese el inicio del experimento hasta el destete (ocho semanas), el alimento iniciador se suministró desde la segunda semana y de heno de alfalfa desde la sexta semana. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos para consumo de alimento, peso vivo, ganancias de peso, ni altura a la cruz. Sin embargo, se encontró un menor costo de ternero destetado por concepto de alimentación en el tratamiento LR-LDINC equivalente a S/.&nbs...

The inclusion of a pre-mix of unconventional ingredients (PM-INC) with lupine, vicia, flaxseed and wheat as part of milk replacer (LR) was evaluated. Twenty-four newborn Holstein male calves, distributed in three treatments were used: T1: whole milk (LE), T2 (LR-LDMC): LR with 80% skim milk (LD) + 20% lard, T3 (LR-LDINC): LR with 75% LD + 25% PM-INC. The LE and LR were supplied from birth to weaning (eight weeks), the starter feed was supplied from the second week and alfalfa hay from the sixth week. No significant differences were observed between treatments for feed consumption, ratio feed/gain, body weight, weight gain, or size. However, a lower cost of weaning calf was found for feeding in the LR-LDINC treatment equivalent to S/. 13.37 less with respect to the treatment LE and S/. 13.51 less with respect to the LR-LDMC treatment. It is concluded that, the Holstein male calf...

The two years of larvae collection in the Marañón and Ucayali rivers were financed by the Concejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONCYTEC) of Peru, who through the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica (FONDECYT), project 088-2014-FONDECYT-DE. The LMI EDIA and UMR DIADE financed the metabarcoding analyses. The authors acknowledge the IRD itrop HPC (South Green Platform) at IRD Montpellier for providing HPC resources that contributed to the research results reported within this paper ( https://bioinfo.ird.fr/ - http://www.southgreen.fr ). We are also grateful to Domingo García for his assistance during field work. We are also grateful to Juan José Palacios Vega (IIAP) for the elaboration of Figure 1 .