Se reportan los valores hematológicos de pecaríes peruanos Tuyussu tujacu. Las muestras de sangre fueron tomadas de 11 animales en el Zoológico Parque de las Leyendas de Lima, 7 en la Biodiversidad Amazónica (BIOAM) centro de cría en Iquitos y 4 en el Centro Piloto para Crianza del Majaz (Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana) también en Iquitos. Después de la sedación con  Ketamina (12 mg/kg) usando una jeringa en tubo o cervatana, las muestras de sangre se recogieron de la vena cefálica en tubos estériles que contienen EDTA y frotis de sangre realizadas. Los análisis hematológicos se llevaron a cabo en el Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad de San Marcos, en Lima, dando los siguientes resultados para los pecaríes de Lima e Iquitos respectivamente: Hb (g/dl) 15,48±1,60, 11,26±0,98; Ht(%) 35,09±4,41, 32,64±5,35; ...

Se reportan los valores hematológicos de pecaríes peruanos Tuyussu tujacu. Las muestras de sangre fueron tomadas de 11 animales en el Zoológico Parque de las Leyendas de Lima, 7 en la Biodiversidad Amazónica (BIOAM) centro de cría en Iquitos y 4 en el Centro Piloto para Crianza del Majaz (Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana) también en Iquitos. Después de la sedación con  Ketamina (12 mg/kg) usando una jeringa en tubo o cervatana, las muestras de sangre se recogieron de la vena cefálica en tubos estériles que contienen EDTA y frotis de sangre realizadas. Los análisis hematológicos se llevaron a cabo en el Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad de San Marcos, en Lima, dando los siguientes resultados para los pecaríes de Lima e Iquitos respectivamente: Hb (g/dl) 15,48±1,60, 11,26±0,98; Ht(%) 35,09±4,41, 32,64±5,35; ...

The small intestine of 10 apparently healthy adult alpacas was collected in the municipal slaughterhouse of Huancavelica, Peru to describe the anatomical characteristics of Peyer's patches. The highest number of Peyer's patches was observed in the jejunum, followed by the duodenum and ileum (p<0.05), but the highest density was observed in the ileum (p<0.05). There were no significant differences by effect of the sex of the animals. The location with reference to the transverse plane of the intestine was 65.88% on the anti-mesenteric border, 27.87% on the lateral border and 11.40% on the mesenteric border (p<0.05). No clear pattern of distribution with reference to the longitudinal plane was found, except at the level of the ileal valve (2-3 cyst shape Peyer's patches bordering the ileal ring.) Several forms of presentation were observed: the nodular form in the duodenum and jej...

The objective of the present study was to identify and describe the muscular structures of the forelimb of the white fronted capuchin (Cebus albifrons). Four male adult specimens were used. The standard techniques for embalming were used and the dissection of the muscles was made in the lateral and medial side of the forelimb. It is described 42 muscles, of which six muscles were in the shoulder girdle, six muscles in the region of the upper arm, 19 muscles in the region of the forearm where 11 were located in the lateral side and eight in the medial side, and 11 muscles in the region of the hand.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar y describir las estructuras musculares del miembro anterior del mono Machín blanco (Cebus albifrons). Se utilizaron 4 monos machos adultos. Se emplearon las técnicas estándares de embalsamiento y se realizó la disección de las caras lateral y medial del miembro anterior. Se describen 42 músculos, de los cuales seis conforman la región del hombro, seis la región del brazo, 19 la región del antebrazo siendo 11 en el lado lateral y 8 en el lado medial, y 11 en la región de la mano.

The small intestine of 10 apparently healthy adult alpacas was collected in the municipal slaughterhouse of Huancavelica, Peru to describe the anatomical characteristics of Peyer's patches. The highest number of Peyer's patches was observed in the jejunum, followed by the duodenum and ileum (p<0.05), but the highest density was observed in the ileum (p<0.05). There were no significant differences by effect of the sex of the animals. The location with reference to the transverse plane of the intestine was 65.88% on the anti-mesenteric border, 27.87% on the lateral border and 11.40% on the mesenteric border (p<0.05). No clear pattern of distribution with reference to the longitudinal plane was found, except at the level of the ileal valve (2-3 cyst shape Peyer's patches bordering the ileal ring.) Several forms of presentation were observed: the nodular form in the duodenum and jej...

Several genera and species of nonhuman primates can be found in Peru. Among them, Ateles belzebuth, Ateles chamek, Callicebus oenanthe, Lagothrix cana and Lagothrix lagotricha. These species according to the IUCN Red List are in the threatened category. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial sensitivity profile of enteric isolates from Ateles, Callicebus and Lagothrix raised in semi-captivity. Sampling was performed by rectal swab in 56 nonhuman primates in the Center for Rescue and Rehabilitation of Primates Ikama Peru. Isolation and bacterial identification was performed using a standard protocol and bacterial sensibility by the Kirby-Bauer technique. A total of 106 bacterial strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae were isolated, where the most prevalent species was Escherichia coli (45.5%, 45/106). The isolates showed greater resistance to cephalothin (46.2%), amoxi...

El Perú cuenta con diversos géneros y especies de primates no humanos, dentro de los que se encuentran las especies Ateles belzebuth, Ateles chamek, Callicebus oenanthe, Lagothrix cana y Lagothrix lagotricha cuyos estados de conservación según la Lista Roja de la UICN se encuentran en la categoría amenazada. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el perfil de resistencia antibacteriana de cepas entéricas aisladas de Ateles, Callicebus y Lagothrix en semicautiverio en un centro de rescate, Perú. La toma de muestras se realizó por hisopado rectal en 56 primates no humanos habitantes del Centro de Rescate y Rehabilitación de Primates Ikama Peru. El aislamiento e identificación bacteriana se realizó mediante un protocolo estándar, y la sensibilidad bacteriana mediante la técnica de Kirby-Bauer. Se aislaron 106 cepas bacterianas de la familia Enterobacteriaceae. La espec...

The aim of this work was to identify and describe the arterial vessels of the pelvic member of the alpaca (Vicugna pacos). Six adult alpacas were dissected (3 females and 3 males). There were no anatomical differences between males and females. The arterial blood supply leading to the pelvic limbs mainly originates from the external iliac artery and to a lesser extent from the internal iliac artery, as described also for the canine, equine, bovine and llama. The external iliac artery is the main arterial channel that runs through the different regions of the pelvic limb, changing the name (femoral, popliteal, cranial tibial, dorsal pedal), giving off several collateral branches during its course. The superficial circumflex iliac, lateral circumflex femoral, saphenous, the proximal and distal caudal femoral arteries arose from the femoral artery as does the medial circumflex femoral arter...

The anatomical description of the reproductive tract of the female llama was studied in four animals. Macroscopically, the reproductive system is morphologically similar to the cow. However, the difference is the absence of intercornual ligament and cotyledons, and the presence of an intercornual septum, as in the alpaca. The distribution of the arteries and veins that irrigated and drained the blood to and from the pelvic cavity and reproductive system presented a vascular distribution almost equal to the ruminant’s pattern and then, they followed a pattern similar to that on the equine. At the reproductive system level, blood vessels adopted a totally different pattern from those described for domestic species. Some arteries had never been described such as the caudal vaginal artery, medium vesical artery, cranial vaginal artery, dorsal uterine artery with its lateral and medial bran...

The present study aimed to identify and describe the structures of the mammary glands and related structures of the llama (Lama glama). Five adult females in lactation were embalmed using a 12% formalin solution. Superficial and deep dissections were done; comparing both sides of the glands and observing related structures as muscles, arteries, veins, nerves and lymph nodes. Macroscopic characteristics of the udder were similar to other camelids and mammals; however, there was a different arterial vessel pattern. Also, was observed the presence of the supramammary lymphatic nodule, not described in other domestic animals. The nipple presented two output ducts that join into one.

Se hizo la descripción anatómica del tracto reproductor femenino de la llama. Se usaron 4 llamas adultas. Macroscópicamente, la anatomía del aparato reproductor es morfológicamente similar a la del bovino, diferenciándose por la ausencia de ligamento intercornual y cotiledones, así como por la presentación de un tabique intercornual, como es el caso de la alpaca. La distribución de las arterias y venas que irrigaron y drenaron sangre a la cavidad pélvica y aparato reproductor presentaron en un primer tramo, a nivel de la arteria iliaca interna, una distribución vascular casi concordante con los patrones descritos en rumiantes; luego siguió un patrón similar al del equino. A nivel del aparato reproductor, los vasos sanguíneos adoptaron un patrón totalmente diferente al descrito en especies domésticas. Se encontraron arterias no antes descritas como la arteria vaginal cauda...

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar y describir las estructuras que conforman y se relacionan con la glándula mamaria de la llama (Lama glama). Se emplearon cinco hembras adultas en lactación, que fueron embalsamadas mediante una solución de formol al 12%. Se realizó la disección de los planos superficial y profundo, comparando ambos lados de la glándula mamaria y observando las estructuras relacionadas, como músculos, troncos arteriales y venosos, nervios y nódulos linfáticos. Las características macroscópicas de la porción glandular se asemejan a lo descrito para camélidos en general y a otros mamíferos; sin embargo, el origen de las arterias es diferente y se observaron nódulos linfáticos supramamarios no descritos en otras especies. Los dos conductos del pezón convergen en uno.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar y describir los vasos arteriales del miembro pélvico de la alpaca (Vicugna pacos). Se utilizaron seis alpacas adultas (3 hembras y 3 machos). En la disección no se observaron diferencias anatómicas entre machos y hembras. La irrigación se originó a partir de la arteria ilíaca externa, principalmente, y de la arteria ilíaca interna. La arteria ilíaca externa fue el gran conducto arterial que se extendió por las diferentes regiones del miembro pélvico cambiando de denominación (femoral, poplítea, tibial craneal, dorsal del pie), desprendiendo múltiples ramas colaterales durante su curso. Las arterias circunfleja ilíaca superficial, circunfleja femoral lateral, safena y caudales femorales proximal y distal nacieron de la arteria femoral al igual que la arteria circunfleja femoral medial. La alpaca, en coincidencia con la llama, no pr...

This study aimed to evaluate the skull osteometry and to calculate the craniometric indexes of adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos). The study was carried out using 30 heads of adult Huacaya alpacas (15 males and 15 females), from the district of Sicuani, Cusco, Peru. The skulls were obtained by the maceration technique. The anatomical description was applied using the recommended terminology by the Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature 2012. A digital vernier was used in the measurement and calculation of craniometric indexes. The «t» test was used to determine differences due to sex. The results showed that adult alpacas do not have sexual dimorphism related to craniometry values. The skulls are the dolichocephalic type with a Total Cephalic Index of 46.43% and ultradolichocranial with a Total Cephalic Index of 55.42%. The alpaca face is the hiperleptene type with a Facial Index of 103.17%, pr...

The aim of this study was to identify the angiotensin II receptor antigens in the umbilical artery of the alpaca (Vicugna pacos). Six gravid uteri of alpacas from community farms located at 4000 m above the sea level in Cusco, Peru were used. The gestation time was estimated by the biparietal diameter of the foetus. Histological sections of 5 µm thickness were obtained from each umbilical artery. The Avidin-Biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry (IHQ) technique was applied, using IHQ reagents and polyclonal anti-Angiotensin II antibodies. The slides were analysed with a Leica DM750 binocular microscope with digital camera attached and LAS 4.7 Leica Macrosystems software. The intensity of marking was classified qualitatively (0: negative; 1: weak; 2: moderate; 3: strong labelling). For the positive control, ovine umbilical artery samples were used. The angiotensin II receptor antigens we...

The aim of this study was to describe the macroscopic anatomy of the neopallium in alpaca foetuses. Fifteen foetuses with gestational ages ranging from days 101 to 323 were used. The brains were infiltrated with 10% formaldehyde by injections at the frontoparietal and nasofrontal junction of the skull. Then, 30 days later the brains were dissected and the neopallium was exposed. Photographs in situ and ex situ of the dorsal, lateral, rostral, caudal, and ventral view were taken. By using the pictures, the brain sulcus and gyri were identified. In chronological order, the sulcus that were described were: Lateral Fissure, Suprasylvian Sulcus, Endosagittal Sulcus, Coronal Sulcus, Splenial Sulcus, Genual Sulcus, Calcarine Sulcus, Presylvian Sulcus, Central Sulcus, Sagittal Sulcus, Ectosagittal Sulcus, Diagonal Sulcus and Ectosilvian Sulcus. The gyrus were: Cingulate Gyrus, Rostral Silvian Gy...

The aim of this study was to know the macroscopic arterial and venous anatomy of the thymus in alpaca foetuses. Ten foetuses were used with gestational ages between 107 and 278 days obtained in the local slaughterhouse (Huancavelica, Peru), and processed to perform the anatomical technique of vascular filling. An aqueous solution of acrylic resin and red Chinese ink was injected into a cannulated umbilical artery, and another aqueous solution of acrylic resin and blue Chinese ink was injected into a cannulated umbilical vein. The foetuses were preserved in 10% formalin while the resin solidified. The foetuses were dissected. The thymus was lobed and formed by the right cranial cervical thymus, left cranial cervical thymus, caudal cervical thymus, intermediate thymus, and thoracic thymus. The right and left common carotid arteries, the right and left cranial thyroid arteries and the right...

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo la evaluación de la osteometría del cráneo y el cálculo de los índices craneométricos de alpacas (Vicugna pacos) adultas. Se utilizaron 30 cabezas de alpacas Huacaya adultas (15 machos y 15 hembras), provenientes de Sicuani, Cusco, Perú. Los cráneos fueron obtenidos mediante la técnica de maceración. En la descripción anatómica se empleó la terminología recomendada por la Nómina Anatómica Veterinaria 2012. En la medición osteométrica y el cálculo de los índices craneométricos se empleó un vernier digital. El análisis estadístico se hizo con la prueba de "t". Los resultados no indicaron dimorfismo sexual en el aspecto relacionado a la craneometría por efecto del sexo. Los cráneos de la alpaca son de tipo dolicocéfalo con un Índice Cefálico Total de 46.43%, ultradolicocráneo con un Índice Craneal de 55.42%. La cara es de...

The aim of this study was to identify the angiotensin II receptor antigens in the umbilical artery of the alpaca (Vicugna pacos). Six gravid uteri of alpacas from community farms located at 4000 m above the sea level in Cusco, Peru were used. The gestation time was estimated by the biparietal diameter of the foetus. Histological sections of 5 µm thickness were obtained from each umbilical artery. The Avidin-Biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry (IHQ) technique was applied, using IHQ reagents and polyclonal anti-Angiotensin II antibodies. The slides were analysed with a Leica DM750 binocular microscope with digital camera attached and LAS 4.7 Leica Macrosystems software. The intensity of marking was classified qualitatively (0: negative; 1: weak; 2: moderate; 3: strong labelling). For the positive control, ovine umbilical artery samples were used. The angiotensin II receptor antigens we...