The aim of this study was to standardize the indirect ELISA test for the detection of antibodies and to evaluate a coproantigen detection test (ES-78 sandwich ELISA) for the Fasciola hepatica diagnoses in alpacas. For the indirect ELISA, the excretion–secretion products (ES) were used as antigens and a peroxidasa anti IgG immunoconjugate of alpaca was obtained through protein A affinity cromatography. The detection ELISA was tested with the FASCIDIG diagnostic kit, which detects metabolics antigens using an AcM-ES78 monoclonal antibody of the IgG 2a sub class. Optical Density (OD) values between 0.075 and 1.435 were obtained using the indirect ELISA, where the cut-off point was 0.226. The positive control group animals were positive to the test with values between 0.331 and 1.435. The negative control group animals were negative to the test with values between 0.075 and 0.226. OD value...

El propósito de este trabajo fue estandarizar la prueba de ELISA indirecta para la detec ción de anticuerpos y evaluar una prueba inmunoenzimática de detección de coproantígenos (ES-78 sandwich ELISA) para el diagnóstico de Fasciola hepatica en alpacas. En la prueba de ELISA indirecta se emplearon los productos de excreción y secreción (ES) como antígenos y se obtuvo un inmunoconjugado de peroxidasa anti-IgG de alpacas por cromatografía de afinidad a proteína A. La prueba de ensayo inmunoenzimática de detección fue evaluada mediante el kit de diagnóstico FASCIDIG, el cual detecta antígenos metabólicos usando el anticuerpo monoclonal AcM-ES78 de la subclase IgG 2a. En el ELISA Indirecto se obtuvieron valores de densidad óptica (DO) entre 0.075 a 1.435 donde el punto de corte fue de 0.226. Los animales del grupo control positivo fueron positivos a la prueba con valores ent...

The objective of this study was to establish reference serum values for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin (total and direct), alkaline phosphatase, total proteins and albumin in captive South American coati (Nasua nasua). A total of 19 coatis (11 males and 8 females) from two zoo parks in the area of Lima, Peru were blood sampled. The coatis were chemically restrained using ketamine clorhidrate (10 mg/kg body weight) and xilacine clorhidrate (1 mg/kg body weight) via IM. Blood samples (4 ml) were collected through femoral vein puncture using vacutainer tubes without anticoagulant. The blood chemistry values obtained were ALT: 94.0 ± 48.5 UI/L, AST: 124.7 ± 49.4 UI/L, total bilirubin: 0.72 ± 0.55 mg/dl, direct bilirubin: 0.19 ± 0.21 mg/dl, indirect bilirubin: 0.52 ± 0.52 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatase: 46.8 ± 26.4 UI/L, total proteins: 8.0 ± 1...

El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer valores de referencia para el suero de alanina aminotransferasa (ALT), aspartato aminotransferasa (AST), bilirrubina (total y directa), fosfatasa alcalina, proteínas totales y albúmina en cautiverio coatí sudamericano (Nasua nasua). Un total de 19 coatíes (11 hombres y 8 mujeres) de dos parques zoológicos en la zona de Lima, Perú se tomaron muestras de sangre. Los coatíes se le impidió químicamente usando clorhidrato de ketamina (10 mg / kg de peso corporal) y xilacina clorhidrato (1 mg / kg de peso corporal) por vía IM. sangre muestras (4 ml) se recogieron a través de punción de la vena femoral utilizando tubos vacutainer sin anticoagulante. Los valores de química sanguínea obtenidos fueron ALT: 94,0 ± 48,5 UI / L, AST: 124,7 ± 49,4 UI / L, bilirrubina total: 0,72 ± 0,55 mg / dl, bilirrubina directa: 0,19 ± 0,21 mg / dl, bilir...

The granulomatous lymphadenitis is an economically important infectious disease in alpacas. This disease is caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, which is a gram positive bacterium that has an exotoxin (Phospholipase D) as its main virulence factor. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of a vaccine in a group of mice (20 vaccinated and 20 control). The vaccine was prepared with protein extracts from C. pseudotuberculosis isolated from an alpaca, containing the exotoxin, and used for the immunization of mice which received 16 g of protein extract. This confered protection after challenging intraperitoneally with 104 UFC of C. pseudotuberculosis. The vaccine ameliorated the toxic effects of C. pseudotuberculosis, which was evidenced by the decrease in number and size of abscesses in the vaccinated group (40% affected), in contrast with the severe and systemic damage...

The blood biochemical liver profile in vicunas (Vicugna vicugna) was determined using 31 animals reared in captivity in two zoological parks in the city of Lima, Peru. Blood was collected by puncture of the jugular vein to measure total (BT), direct (BD) and indirect bilirubin (BI), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (FA), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total protein (PT), albumin, globulin and glucose. The values (mean ± sd) were: BT 0.27 ± 0.10 mg/dl; BD 0.10 ± 0.06 mg/dl; BI 0.17 ± 0.09 mg/dl; ALT 6.39 ± 4.62 UI/L; AST 242.77 ± 61.36 UI/L; FA 175.16 ± 67.23 UI/L; GGT 11.32 ± 9.84 UI/L; PT 8.27 ± 2.25 g/dl; albumin 4.06 ± 0.82 g/dl; globulins 4.21 ± 1.93 g/dl; glucose 143.16 ± 33.14 mg/dl. No statistically difference due to sex was found but rearing location was significantly different (p<0.05) for PT, albumin and ...

The aim of the study was to determine the biochemistry profile of the kidney in the Tumbes crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) reared in captivity in the north of Peru (Tumbes). Blood samples (6 ml) by puncture of the post-occipital venous sinus were collected to 60 males (24 juveniles, 27 sub-adults, and 9 adults). All animals were manually restrained. Values for uric acid was 74.2 ± 25.0 mg/L, creatinine 1.49 ± 0.39 mg/L, calcium 10.8 ± 2.4 mg/dl, and phosphorus 5.3 ± 2.0 mg/dl. There was significant difference (p<0.05) between juveniles and sub-adults for uric acid and creatinine, and adults versus younger animals for calcium, whereas phosphorus values were not affected by age.

The purpose of the study was to establish reference values for serum urea and creatinine, and for physical and chemical analysis in urine in Saimiri boliviensis. Fifteen females and 15 males raised in captivity at the Centro de Reproducción y Conservación de Primates No Humanos, Iquitos, Peru were used. Mean values of urea and creatinine were 66.7 ± 25.2 and 2.0 ± 0.5 respectively, and without statistical differences between sexes. Mean values forpH was 6.9 ± 0.7 and for specific gravity was 1.021±0.004. Urea and creatinine values were higher to those reported for Aotus nancymae.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the haematologic values of agoutis (Dasyprocta fuliginosa) bred in captivity at the Patronato Parque Las Leyendas zoo (PATPAL). Twenty three animals were used (11 males and 12 females; 13 juvenile and 10 adults). They were anesthetized with a combination of Ketamine (10 mg/kg BW) and Xilacine (1 mg/kg BW) i.m. The haemathological analysis included haemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), count of erythrocytes (RBC) and leucocytes (WBC), mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and the leukocyte differential. The obtained values were: 6.17 x 106/μl RBC, 5,739 x 103/μl WBC, 40.4% Ht, 12.42 g/dl Hb, 66.56 fl MCV, 20.56 pg MCH, 30.88 g/dl MCHC; and 67.1% neutrophils, 29.6% lymphocytes, 2.39% eosinophils, 0.26% monocytes and 0.56% band neutrophils. The encountered values were si...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue hallar los valores séricos de urea y creatinina en añujes (Dasyprocta fuliginosa) saludables criados en un zoológico de Lima. Se colectaron muestras de sangre de 23 añujes. El suero se separó por centrifugación y los valores de urea y creatinina sérica se determinaron mediante métodos colorimétricos con kits comerciales. El valor promedio de urea fue de 11.47 ± 1.72 mg/dl y de creatinina de 2.41 ± 1.06 mg/dl. No se encontró diferencia estadística entre sexos ni edades.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue hallar los valores séricos de urea y creatinina en añujes (Dasyprocta fuliginosa) saludables criados en un zoológico de Lima. Se colectaron muestras de sangre de 23 añujes. El suero se separó por centrifugación y los valores de urea y creatinina sérica se determinaron mediante métodos colorimétricos con kits comerciales. El valor promedio de urea fue de 11.47 ± 1.72 mg/dl y de creatinina de 2.41 ± 1.06 mg/dl. No se encontró diferencia estadística entre sexos ni edades.

La linfadenitis granulomatosa es una enfermedad de significancia económica en alpacas, la cual es causada por Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, una bacteria gram positiva cuyo principal factor de virulencia es una exotoxina (fosfolipasa D). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue probar la eficacia de una vacuna elaborada a partir de precipitado proteico de C. pseudotuberculosis conteniendo la exotoxina, en un grupo de 20 ratones (grupo vacunado), quienes recibieron el inóculo con C.pseudotuberculosis, frente a otro grupo de 20 ratones (grupo control), quienes recibieron placebo y el inóculo. La inmunización del grupo vacunado con 16 g del precipitado proteico de C. pseudotuberculosis indujo protección después de la inoculación intraperitoneal con 104 UFC de C. pseudotuberculosis. La vacuna disminuyó los efectos tóxicos del C. pseudotuberculosis, lo cual se observó con la dismin...

Se estableció el perfil bioquímico sanguíneo hepático de vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna) criadas en cautiverio en dos parques zoológicos de la ciudad de Lima, Perú. Se tomaron muestras de sangre a 31 animales por punción de la vena yugular, y se determinó bilirrubina total (BT), directa (BD) e indirecta (BD), alanino amino transferasa (ALT), aspartato amino transferasa (AST), fosfatasa alcalina (FA), gamma lutamil transferasa (GGT), proteínas totales (PT), albúmina, globulinas y glucosa. Los valores encontrados (media ± DE) fueron: BT 0.27 ± 0.10 mg/dl; BD 0.10 ± 0.06 mg/dl; BI 0.17 ± 0.09 mg/dl; ALT 6.39 ± 4.62 UI/L; AST 242.77 ± 61.36 UI/L; FA 175.16 ± 67.23 UI/L; GGT 11.32 ± 9.84 UI/L; PT 8.27 ± 2.25 g/dl; albúmina 4.06 ± 0.82 g/dl; globulinas 4.21 ± 1.93 g/dl; glucosa 143.16 ± 33.14 mg/dl. No hubo diferencia estadística por sexo pero el lugar de procedencia fue est...

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el perfil bioquímico renal del cocodrilo de Tumbes (Crocodylus acutus) criado en cautiverio en Tumbes, Perú. Los animales fueron contenidos mediante sujeción manual y se colectaron muestras de sangre (6 ml) mediante punción del seno venoso post-occipital a 60 animales machos (24 juveniles, 27 subadultos y 9 adultos). El valor de ácido úrico fue de 74.2 ± 25.0 mg/L, creatinina: 1.49 ± 0.39 mg/L, calcio: 10.8 ± 2.4 mg/dl y fósforo: de 5.3 ± 2.0 mg/dl. Se encontró diferencia estadística (p<0.05) entre juveniles y sub-adultos para el ácido úrico y creatinina, y entre adultos frente a juveniles y sub-adultos para el calcio. No hubo diferencia significativa entre valores de fósforo por grupo etario.

The purpose of the study was to establish reference values for serum urea and creatinine, and for physical and chemical analysis in urine in Saimiri boliviensis. Fifteen females and 15 males raised in captivity at the Centro de Reproducción y Conservación de Primates No Humanos, Iquitos, Peru were used. Mean values of urea and creatinine were 66.7 ± 25.2 and 2.0 ± 0.5 respectively, and without statistical differences between sexes. Mean values forpH was 6.9 ± 0.7 and for specific gravity was 1.021±0.004. Urea and creatinine values were higher to those reported for Aotus nancymae.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los valores hematológicos del añuje (Dasyprocta fuliginosa) criado en cautiverio en el Zoológico Patronato Parque Las Leyendas (PATPAL). Se utilizaron 23 animales (11 machos y 12 hembras; 13 juveniles y 10 adultos). Los animales fueron anestesiados con una combinación de Ketamina (10 mg/kg peso vivo) y Xilacina (1 mg/kg peso vivo) i.m. El análisis hematológico incluyó hemoglobina (Hb), hematocrito (Ht), contaje de eritrocitos y leucocitos, Volumen Corpuscular Medio (VGM), Concentración de Hemoglobina Corpuscular Media (CHGM) y Hemoglobina Corpuscular Media (HCM), y el diferencial de leucocitos. Los resultados fueron: 6.17 x 106/μl eritrocitos, 5,739 x 103/μl leucocitos, 40.4% Ht, 12.42 g/dl Hb, 66.56 fl VGM, 20.56 pg HCM, 30.88 g/dl CHGM; y 67.1% neutrófilos, 29.6% linfocitos, 2.39% eosinófilos, 0.26% monocitos y 0.56% abastonad...

The definitive host of the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is the feline and intermediate hosts are a wide number of species, such as sheep, goats, pigs, birds and human. This protozoan is worldwide distributed, has zoonotic connotations, and cause reproductive problems in livestock, especially in sheep. The objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii in vicunas at the National Reserve of Pampa Galeras, located inAyacucho, Peru.Atotal of 191 vicunas, both males and females, were blood sampled and serum was analyzed by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The resulting seroprevalence was 5.8 ± 3.3%, without statistical differences due to sex and age factors. The present study demonstrated the presence of T. gondii infection for in vicunas of theNational Reserve of Pampa Galeras.

Canine Heartworm Disease is a parasitic disease caused by the nematode Dirofilaria immitis. The adult forms are found mainly in the pulmonary arteries and the right heart of canids. This nematode is transmitted by intermediate hosts which are blood suckling mosquitoes. Canine Ehrlichiosis is a disease of domestic and wild canids, caused by the rickettsia Ehrlichia canis, that infects mononuclear cells. This microorganism is transmitted by an arthropod vector, the brown dog-tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The objective of this assay was to determine the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and Ehrlichia canis in dogs of Chorrillos, La Molina and San Juan de Miraflores districts, which are adjacent to naturally stagnated waters. Blood samples were taken from 140 dogs chosen randomly without regard of breed, age and sex from February to May, 2001. The diagnosis was made by the detection of the ...

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in buffalos in the Jenaro Herrera district, Loreto, Peru. A total of 70 blood samples were collected in female buffalos for the detection of antibodies against T. gondii by the Indirect Hemaglutination Test (IHA) and the Indirect Immunofluorescence Test (IFI). The results showed that 35.7 ± 11.2% of the samples were positive by IHA and 17.1 ± 8.8% were positive by IFI.

The objective of this work was to establish reference serum values for bilirrubin (total, direct and indirect), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), gamma glutamil transferase (GGT), total protein and albumin in healthy Aotus nancymae primate kept under captivity in the Amazon region of Peru. lt was used 30 animals (15 males and 15 females ), aged 7 months to 2 years, and raised at the Center ofReproduction and Conservation of Primates, IVITA, San Marcos University, located in !quitos, Loreto. The animals were trapped with nets, weighed and anesthesyzed for blood collection. Serum values were: Total bilirrubin: 0.76 ± 0.06 mg/dl; direct bilirrubin: 0.25 ± 0.03 mg/dl; indirect bilirrubin: 0.52 ± 0.06 mg/dl; ALT: 30.65 + 5.5 Ul/L; AST: 36.9 ± 5.69 Ul/L; GGT: 23.73 ± 2.56 Ul/L; total protein: 7 .53 ± 0.12 g/dl; and albumin: 3.83 ± 0.12 g/dl. It was conc...