In vitro embryonic development and conception rate of bovine oocytes (Bos indicus) vitrified in mature stage were evaluated. The ovaries were collected from Brahman cows from the Bagua Grande municipal slaughterhouse (Amazonas, Peru). The collected ovaries were transferred to the laboratory in 0.9% NaCl solution with 0.025 mg/ml streptomycin. The oocytes were aspirated, matured in vitro and vitrified. The nuclear stage of the oocytes was determined with aceto-orcein staining. Among them, 12.5% exhibited germinal vesicle, 5% reached metaphase I (MI) and 82.5% reached metaphase II (MII) of nuclear stage. The potential for embryonic development was evaluated on day 7 of the in vitro culture. It was obtained 5.8% of morulae and 10.4% blastocysts in the experimental group (n=154 vitrified oocytes) and 11.6% of morulae morulae and 24.9% of blastocysts in the control group (n=181 oocytes withou...

In vitro embryonic development and conception rate of bovine oocytes (Bos indicus) vitrified in mature stage were evaluated. The ovaries were collected from Brahman cows from the Bagua Grande municipal slaughterhouse (Amazonas, Peru). The collected ovaries were transferred to the laboratory in 0.9% NaCl solution with 0.025 mg/ml streptomycin. The oocytes were aspirated, matured in vitro and vitrified. The nuclear stage of the oocytes was determined with aceto-orcein staining. Among them, 12.5% exhibited germinal vesicle, 5% reached metaphase I (MI) and 82.5% reached metaphase II (MII) of nuclear stage. The potential for embryonic development was evaluated on day 7 of the in vitro culture. It was obtained 5.8% of morulae and 10.4% blastocysts in the experimental group (n=154 vitrified oocytes) and 11.6% of morulae morulae and 24.9% of blastocysts in the control group (n=181 oocytes withou...

The study was conducted in the slaughterhouse of Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru, between January and October 2017, with the aim to determine the correlation between the behavioral indicators of animal welfare during the slaughter and the physicochemical properties of the beef. Ninety-nine bovines were classified by sex, age and breed group. The slaughter stages (conduction, subjection, shoot down and bleeding) were related with the behavioral indicators of animal welfare (blows, tail twists, operator shouts, slips, falls, vocalizations, attempts to incorporate, punctures to pull down, total punctures, times of each stage and time between pull down and bleeding). The physicochemical properties in the Longissimus dorsi muscle between the fifth and seventh ribs were evaluated. The results indicated that shoot down was the most critical stage of the slaughter due to the greater occurrence of in...

The study was conducted in the slaughterhouse of Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru, between January and October 2017, with the aim to determine the correlation between the behavioral indicators of animal welfare during the slaughter and the physicochemical properties of the beef. Ninety-nine bovines were classified by sex, age and breed group. The slaughter stages (conduction, subjection, shoot down and bleeding) were related with the behavioral indicators of animal welfare (blows, tail twists, operator shouts, slips, falls, vocalizations, attempts to incorporate, punctures to pull down, total punctures, times of each stage and time between pull down and bleeding). The physicochemical properties in the Longissimus dorsi muscle between the fifth and seventh ribs were evaluated. The results indicated that shoot down was the most critical stage of the slaughter due to the greater occurrence of in...

El empleo de antibióticos promotores de crecimiento (APC) ya es insostenible en la producción avícola y se está realizando investigación en diferentes partes del mundo para poder reemplazarlos con principios que no generen resistencia y que aporten acciones beneficiosas sobre el rendimiento. El orégano se ajusta a estas especificaciones; así mismo, otra estrategia la constituye la suplementación de enzimas digestivas que permitan aprovechar mejor el alimento, ya que el dejar de emplear APC genera mermas en este aspecto, entre otras. Se ensayó el suministro, a través de la dieta, de orégano y enzimas de acuerdo a los siguientes tratamientos: T1, testigo positivo (dieta con APC); T2, testigo negativo (sin APC); T3, dieta con 0.005% de enzimas; T4, con 0.05% de orégano; T5, con 0.005% de enzimas y 0.05% de orégano; T6, con 0.1% de orégano; T7, con 0.005% de enzimas y 0.1% de o...

The use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) is already unsustainable in poultry production and research is being carried out in different parts of the world to replace them with principles that do not generate resistance and provide beneficial actions on performance. Oregano adapts to these specifications; another strategy is the supplementation of digestive enzymes that allow using of food, since the stop using AGP generates decrease in this aspect, among others. The supply, through diet, oregano and enzymes was tested according to the following processes: P1, Positive test (diet with AGP); P2, Negative test (without AGP); P3, diet with 0.005% enzymes; P4, 0.05% oregano; P5, 0.005% of enzymes and 0.05% of oregano; P6, 0.1% oregano; P7, 0.005% enzymes and 0.1% oregano. Amount to 280 one-day-old female and male Cobb 500 chickens were used, from Inveragro San Martín de Porras SAC Company...

This research was funded by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica-Concytec (Project: Equipamiento Científico 2018-01/E044-2018-01-BM, Contrato N◦ 012-2018-Fondecyt/BM) of the Peruvian Government, The World Bank Group, the Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas and the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. The APC was funded by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica-Concytec.

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of a co-culture system with cumulus oophorus cells on the quality of bovine embryos produced in vitro, based on their viability. Ovaries from crossbred bovine slaughtered at the Chachapoyas Municipal Benefit Centre, Amazonas, Peru, were used. Oocytes aspirated from 2-6 mm follicles were matured in TCM-199 medium for 24 hours, in a humidified atmosphere with 6% CO2 and 38.5 °C. The maturation state was determined by the nuclear stage through aceto-orcein staining. The mature oocytes were fertilized in vitro with frozen semen from Angus bulls for 18 hours. The presumed zygotes were randomly distributed for development in one group in medium with co-culture and another in medium without co-culture (control). The embryonic quality was determined based on the enzymatic activity and DNA damage of the embryos on the seventh day of cultu...

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de un sistema de co-cultivo con células del cumulus oophorus sobre la calidad de embriones bovinos producidos in vitro en función a su viabilidad. Se utilizaron ovarios de bovinos hembra cruzadas, sacrificadas en el Centro de Beneficio Municipal de Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Perú. Los ovocitos aspirados de folículos de 2-6 mm fueron madurados en medio TCM-199 por 24 horas, en una atmósfera humidificada con 6% de CO2 y a 38.5 °C. El estado de maduración fue determinado mediante el estadio nuclear a través de tinción aceto-orceína. Los ovocitos maduros se fertilizaron in vitro con semen congelado de toros Angus durante 18 horas. Los presuntos cigotos fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente para su desarrollo en un grupo en medio con co-cultivo y otro en medio sin co-cultivo (control). Se determinó la calidad embrionaria en funci...

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la influencia de características de bovinos [condición corporal (CC), lesiones prefaenado (LP), estado de preñez (EP) y estado emocional aparente (EEA)], faenados en un centro de beneficio convencional, sobre la frecuencia de eventos aversivos al bienestar animal y calidad cárnica. Se registró el faenado de 99 bovinos, cuantificando los golpes, torceduras de cola, gritos del operario, puntillazos, tiempos de cada etapa, resbalones, caídas, vocalizaciones e intentos de incorporación. Se determinó pH0h, pH1h, pH24h y goteo en el músculo Longissimus dorsi et lumborum. Los datos se analizaron bajo un Diseño Completo al Azar (DCA). Se halló una correlación inversa entre CC y LP (P<0,05), donde bovinos con menor CC presentaron más lesiones en prefaenado. Durante la conducción, más golpes, gritos del operario, tiempo de conducción y tiempo ent...

This research was funded by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica-Concytec (Project: Equipamiento Científico 2018-01/E044-2018-01-BM, Contrato N◦ 012-2018-Fondecyt/BM) of the Peruvian Government, The World Bank Group, the Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas and the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. The APC was funded by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica-Concytec

The process of drying food is necessary to preserve it; however, some bioactive compounds can be degraded during drying process. In this work, the convective drying process of Peruvian blackberry bagasse and the degradation of anthocyanins, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant capacity (AC) were studied. The logarithmic model fitted well to the data and could predict the process, showing that 6 h of drying at 90?C is enough to reach equilibrium moisture. Anthocyanin degradation followed a first-order kinetic model with reaction rate constant between 5.45 × 10?2 ± 4.68 × 10?3 and 1.21 × 10?1 ± 2.31 × 10?2 h?1, and activation energy of 25.11 kJ/mol. The highest retention (84.38%) of anthocyanins was obtained in 1 h at 50?C and the highest degradation (68.54%) in 6 h at 90?C. The TPC and AC increased with the drying time and temperature due to the increased water evaporation....

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between fineness characteristics and resistance of Ch’aku llama fleeces. Seventy-six llamas from the breeding stock of the South American Camelids Research Center -CICAS- La Raya, Peru were sampled. Fibre fineness characteristics were determined (Average Fibre Diameter [MDF, µm], Variability Coefficient of Average Fibre Diameter [CVMDF,%], Comfort Factor [FC,%], Curvature, curl [CRV, °/mm], Spinning Fineness [SF, µm]) in an Optical Fibre Diameter Analyzer (OFDA 2000®) and fleece strength characteristics (Staple Length [LM, mm], Resistance to Traction [RT, N / ktex], and Position of Break [POB,%]) using the Staple Length and Strength Instrument (SL&SI). A randomized complete design with a factorial arrangement was used, using parametric and non-parametric tests. The results indicated effect of sex, age and sex*age, on the c...

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between fineness characteristics and resistance of Ch’aku llama fleeces. Seventy-six llamas from the breeding stock of the South American Camelids Research Center -CICAS- La Raya, Peru were sampled. Fibre fineness characteristics were determined (Average Fibre Diameter [MDF, µm], Variability Coefficient of Average Fibre Diameter [CVMDF,%], Comfort Factor [FC,%], Curvature, curl [CRV, °/mm], Spinning Fineness [SF, µm]) in an Optical Fibre Diameter Analyzer (OFDA 2000®) and fleece strength characteristics (Staple Length [LM, mm], Resistance to Traction [RT, N / ktex], and Position of Break [POB,%]) using the Staple Length and Strength Instrument (SL&SI). A randomized complete design with a factorial arrangement was used, using parametric and non-parametric tests. The results indicated effect of sex, age and sex*age, on the c...

Bovine fascioliasis in Peru is highly prevalent in almost all regions; however, there are few studies about its prevalence in the region of Amazonas. This research aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with fascioliasis from four livestock basins in the Amazonas region. A total of 941 bovine feces samples were analyzed and a prevalence of 52% was found. The highest prevalence was registered in females (53.9%), crossbred (58.6%), and producers with less than 50 animals (54.40%). The highest risk factor was for Brown Swiss (2.1), crossbreeds (2.4), heifer (4.1), females (1.4), and bovine that drinks water from streams (2.5) and waterhole (2.4). With the principal component analysis, 5 groups were identified, where the first explains that the area of the farm and the number of animals are related to the prevalence of fascioliasis. Group five indicated a relationship ...

We studied the effect of substituting partially, cocoa butter (CB) with Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil (SIO) on rheology, bioactive properties, and sensory preferences in potentially functional chocolate. For this 70% dark chocolates were prepared and the CB was substituted with 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% of SIO. Hardness and viscosity of the SIO-chocolates were significantly reduced compared to the control (5451 ± 658 g; 17.01 ± 0.94 Pa s, respectively). Total phenolic content remained constant while the antioxidant capacity increased up to IC50 of 2.48 ± 0.10 as the content of SIO increased. The Casson yield stress and Casson plastic viscosity decreased as the amount of SIO increased. Chocolates with 4.5% SIO had a similar color, better glossiness, preferable snap attributes, and were more accepted (7.50 ± 0.08) compared to the control (p < 0.05), measured with a hedonic scale. ...

This study investigates gender-based differences in the gut microbiota of Simmental cattle, focusing on bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing, with taxonomic classification performed through the SILVA and UNITE databases. Alpha and beta diversity metrics were assessed, revealing significant differences in the diversity and composition of archaeal communities between males and females. Notably, females exhibited higher alpha diversity in archaea, while beta diversity analyses indicated distinct clustering of bacterial and archaeal communities by gender. The study also identified correlations between specific microbial taxa and hematological parameters, with Treponema and Methanosphaera showing gender-specific associations that may influence cattle health and productivity. These findings highlight the importa...

This study investigates gender-based differences in the gut microbiota of Simmental cattle, focusing on bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing, with taxonomic classification performed through the SILVA and UNITE databases. Alpha and beta diversity metrics were assessed, revealing significant differences in the diversity and composition of archaeal communities between males and females. Notably, females exhibited higher alpha diversity in archaea, while beta diversity analyses indicated distinct clustering of bacterial and archaeal communities by gender. The study also identified correlations between specific microbial taxa and hematological parameters, with Treponema and Methanosphaera showing gender-specific associations that may influence cattle health and productivity. These findings highlight the importa...