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structural diversity » structure diversity (Expander búsqueda), cultural diversity (Expander búsqueda), estructura diversidad (Expander búsqueda)
structural diversity » structure diversity (Expander búsqueda), cultural diversity (Expander búsqueda), estructura diversidad (Expander búsqueda)
1
artículo
Publicado 2023
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New-generation sequencing technologies, among them SNP chips for massive genotyping, are useful for the effective management of genetic resources. To date, molecular studies in Peruvian cattle are still scarce. For the first time, the genetic diversity and population structure of a reproductive nucleus cattle herd of four commercial breeds from a Peruvian institution were determined. This nucleus comprises Brahman (N = 9), Braunvieh (N = 9), Gyr (N = 5), and Simmental (N = 15) breeds. Additionally, samples from a locally adapted creole cattle, the Arequipa Fighting Bull (AFB, N = 9), were incorporated. Female individuals were genotyped with the GGPBovine100K and ma les with the BovineHD. Quality control, and the proportion of polymorphic SNPs, minor allele frequency, expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficient were estimated for the five breeds. Admixture...
2
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Research studies on conservative genetics of endangered plants are very important to establish the management plans for the conservation of biodiversity. Rosewood is an evergreen tree of the Amazon region and its essential oil has great acceptance in the medical and cosmetic industry. The present study aimed to explore the genetic diversity and population structure of 90 rosewood accessions collected from eight localities of Peruvian Amazon territory through DArTseq markers. A total of 7485 informative markers resulted from genotyping by sequencing (GBS) analysis were used for the molecular characterization of rosewood germplasm. Mean values of various calculated diversity parameters like observed number of alleles (1.962), the effective number of alleles (1.669), unbiased expected heterozygosity (0.411), and percent polymorphism (93.51%) over the entire germplasm showed the existence of...
3
tesis de grado
Publicado 2023
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Wild potato species hold important genes related to disease resistance, tolerance to abiotic stress, and other traits of agronomic interest; however, they remain being the least explored. This study aimed to develop an accessible and replicable R analysis workflow to explore the genetic diversity and population structure of the International Potato Center’s (CIP) wild potato germplasm collection through nonparametric approaches. We worked with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from 1248 wild potato accessions, most of which had been genotyped for the first time. Genetic diversity parameters were calculated prior to structure analysis. Population structure was analyzed through parametric methods such as variational Bayesian inference, and nonparametric methods, such as dimensionalityreduction and distance-based techniques. Distance-based analysis revealed clustering based on plo...
4
artículo
Publicado 2017
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The aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic variability of a population of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) in Sampués, Sucre, Colombia to determine their genetic status. Fifty samples were studied. Twenty microsatellites were used where five of them were from the list of those recommended by FAO/ISAG for studies of swine biodiversity and the remaining represent most of the pig genome. The microsatellites used were polymorphic, detecting between 3 (SW2019) to 14 (SW957) alleles with an average 6 and a total of 120. The mean expected heterozygosity was 0.5465 and the mean observed heterozygosity was 0.5203. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged between 0.2823 and 0.7252 for SW1041 and SW957 loci respectively. The results showed that the studied population as a group with a high degree of genetic diversity.
5
artículo
Publicado 2023
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The sheep populations of the Colombian Caribbean Region are characterized by having a high phenotypic heterogeneity mainly due to the use of Creole animals in crossbreeding with exotic breeds. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity and the population structure of sheep in this region. In total, 459 sheep from 26 farms in 19 municipalities were selected. The DNA samples were genotyped with the ovine low-density chip (15K). Analyses of molecular variance, genetic diversity and population structure were performed. At the phenotypic level, 65.8% of the sampled animals were assigned to the Criollo population, while 15.7% showed signs of introgression with other commercial breeds (mestizos). The populations presented a high degree of genetic diversity within individuals (90.6%) and low levels of genetic variation between populations (FST = 0.075). This low differentiation,...
6
artículo
Publicado 2023
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The tree composition in cocoa agroforestry systems (CAFS) in Guatemala is valued for providing a number of ecosystem services. Despite the importance of the trees in these systems, little is known about the tree species richness and its contribution to the conservation of diversity. We studied the botanical composition of CAFS of different ages in the Alta Verapaz department of Guatemala. In total, 70 survey plots with a size of 2500 m2 were established. An inventory was carried out in each sampling unit, recording the tree species present and measuring the diameter at breast height (DBH 1.30 m) and the height of each tree. The Importance Value Index (IVI) was calculated and species richness and the similarity between sites were evaluated. A total of 2519 trees, belonging to 59 species and 34 families were identified. The species with the highest IVI was Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth. ...
7
artículo
Publicado 2022
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Puya raimondii is an endemic species from the high Andes of Peru and Bolivia. In Peru it is distributed from 8.068501°S, 16.170280°W to 16.180580°S, 70.658873°W, between 3600 and 4800 m, living in extreme climatic conditions typical of the Puna, where it plays an important ecological role. Despite the wide distribution of P. raimondii populations in Peru, they appear to be fairly uniform morphologically. The following questions arise: Will the current molecular tools be able to show differences between the numerous populations? Are the conservation areas established for P. raimondii sufficient since they harbor the existing variability? To answer these questions, this work aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic structure in a northern population, Pachapaqui (Ancash department), a central population, Yanacancha (Junin), and a southern population, Lampa - Choconchaca secto...
8
artículo
Publicado 2025
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This study evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of Vicugna pacos (Huacaya alpacas) from two contrasting breeding contexts in Junin, Peru: the genetically managed herd of INIA’s Santa Ana Experimental Station (Suitucancha) and the community-based herd of Huayre, where natural, unregulated mating practices are common. An external reference population from Quimsachata was also included. Genetic diversity parameters revealed high allelic richness and heterozygosity within all populations. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA), principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), Bayesian clustering, and phylogenetic reconstruction indicated moderate genetic differentiation between Suitucancha and Huayre, likely influenced by the use of selected males under controlled mating in Suitucancha versus natural, unregulated group mating in Huayre, which facilitates broader gene flow. The Qui...
9
artículo
Publicado 2021
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This research was supported by project N? 177-2015 FONDECYT (The National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development) and Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Peru.
10
artículo
Publicado 2023
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The alpaca population mostly consists of the Huacaya phenotype and is widely distributed in Southern Peru. This study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity and population structure of two Huacaya alpaca populations (Ajoyani and Quimsachata) using fourteen and twelve microsatellite markers for each population, respectively. A total of 168 alpaca biological samples were outsourced to Peruvian laboratories for DNA extraction and genotyping. For genetic diversity, observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphism information content (PIC), and fixation indices values were estimated. An admixture analysis was performed for the population structure analysis. Different programs were used for these estimations. In total, 133 (Ajoyani) and 129 (Quimsachata) alleles were found, with a range of 4 to 17 by locus. The mean HO, HE, and PIC per marker for Ajoyani were 0.764 ± ...
11
artículo
Publicado 2020
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Llamas (Lama glama) are invaluable resources of Peru. Despite their importance, their population is decreasing. The Camelid Germplasm Bank-Quimsachata was created as a guardian of this South American camelid (SAC) species and established a bank of llamas from their two types, Ch’aku and Q’ara. However, these populations need to present high genetic diversity to be considered suitable conservation stocks. Thus, in the present study, 13 microsatellites specific for the SAC were used to assess the current genetic variability and differentiation of the llama population from the Bank. The global population showed high genetic diversity with a total of 157 different alleles, with an average of 12.08 alleles per microsatellite, an expected and observed heterozygosity of 0.758 and 0.707, respectively, and an average polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.723. Although considered as two d...
12
artículo
Publicado 2020
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Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Producción Animal
13
documento de trabajo
Publicado 2023
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Lupinus mutabilis Sweet (Fabaceae), “tarwi” or “chocho”, is an important grain legume in the Andean region. In Peru, studies on tarwi have mainly focused on morphological features; however, they have not been molecularly characterized. Currently, it is possible to explore the genetic parameters of plants with reliable and modern methods such as genotyping by sequencing (GBS). Here, for the first time, we used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to infer the genetic diversity and population structure of 89 accessions of tarwi from nine Andean regions of Peru. A total of 5922 SNPs distributed along all chromosomes of tarwi were identified. STRUCTURE analysis revealed that this crop is grouped into two clusters. A dendrogram was generated using the UPGMA clustering algorithm and, like the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), it showed two groups that correspond to the geog...
14
artículo
Publicado 2022
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The Junín sheep is a rustic Peruvian breed adapted to the high Andean areas of the central highlands. It began with a population base of Creole sheep crossed with Corriedale sheep and with subsequent crosses using males from the North American west (Columbia, Panama and Warhill) as well as Corriedale rams from the USA and New Zealand. The livestock company SAIS Tupac Amaru Ltda. N.° 1 is the main depository of a population of around 100 000 animals. The present study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of this breed, as well as its relationship with other breeds. In total, 20 samples of sheep from the Junín herd were analyzed and high-density microarrays of single nucleotide polymorphic markers (SNPs) containing more than 500 000 SNP-type markers were used. The expected heterozygosity (HE) value was 0.429 and the inbreeding coefficient was 0.02. Regarding ...
15
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth.) is a tree species of commercial importance widely distributed in South American forests that is traditionally used for its medicinal properties and wood quality. Studies on this tree species have been focused mainly on wood properties, propagation, and growth. However, genetic studies on capirona have been very limited to date. Currently, it is possible to explore genetic diversity and population structure in a fast and reliable manner by using molecular markers. We here used 10 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 59 samples of capirona that were sampled from four provinces located in the eastern region of the Peruvian amazon. A total of 186 bands were manually scored, generating a 59 × 186 presence/absence matrix. A dendrogram was generated using the UPGMA clustering algo...
16
artículo
Publicado 2018
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Pseudoalteromonas is a genus of marine bacteria often found in association with other organisms. Although several studies have examined Pseudoalteromonas diversity and their antimicrobial activity, its diversity in tropical environments is largely unexplored. We investigated the diversity of Pseudoalteromonas in marine environments of Panama using a multilocus phylogenetic approach. Furthermore we tested their antimicrobial capacity and evaluated the effect of recombination and mutation in shaping their phylogenetic relationships. The reconstruction of clonal relationships among 78 strains including 15 reference Pseudoalteromonas species revealed 43 clonal lineages, divided in pigmented and non-pigmented strains. In total, 39 strains displayed moderate to high activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Linkage disequilibrium analyses showed that the Pseudoaltero...
17
artículo
Publicado 2023
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Lupinus mutabilis Sweet (Fabaceae), “tarwi” or “chocho”, is an important grain legume in the Andean region. In Peru, studies on tarwi have mainly focused on morphological features; however, they have not been molecularly characterized. Currently, it is possible to explore the genetic parameters of plants with reliable and modern methods such as genotyping by sequencing (GBS). Here, for the first time, we used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to infer the genetic diversity and population structure of 89 accessions of tarwi from nine Andean regions of Peru. A total of 5922 SNPs distributed along all chromosomes of tarwi were identified. STRUCTURE analysis revealed that this crop is grouped into two clusters. A dendrogram was generated using the UPGMA clustering algorithm and, like the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), it showed two groups that correspond to the geog...
18
artículo
Publicado 2024
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Goat farming constitutes a significant source of income for farmers in northern Peru. There is currently an absence of information about the genetics of Peruvian Creole goats that would enable us to understand their origins and genetic spread. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity of Creole goats from northern Peru using SNP markers. This study involved the collection of 192 male Creole goats from three key goat production geographical departments in northern Peru. These goat samples were genotyped using the GGPGoat70k SNP panel. To explore the genetic influence of other breeds on Peruvian Creole goats, our dataset was combined with previously published SNP genotypes. External data set includes multiple breeds genotypes sampled from Argentina, Brazil, Spain, and Alpine breed from Italy, France, and Switzerland. After quality control 52,832 autosomal SNPs were ...
19
artículo
Publicado 2022
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Loche is an ancient landrace of squash from Northern Peru, notable for its vegetative re-production and lack of seeds in fruits. To date, very little is known about its genetics. Here, we used 21 simple sequence repeats to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of a collection of 100 samples of loche from three localities in Peru, and 10 samples of related species, C. pepo and C. maxima (110 accessions in total). A total 85 bands were manually scored, obtaining an average of 4.05 alleles per locus. UPGMA clustering method and principal coordinate analysis showed a clear identification between the three species of Cucurbita. Population structure analysis clustered the 110 accessions into five populations: (i) three of loche, (ii) one of C. pepo, and (iii) one of C. maxima. Genetic diversity estimation was conducted considering only the three groups (populations) of loche id...
20
artículo
Publicado 2012
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This paper reviews the different indices used to describe and characterize the horizontal structure or spatial pattern in forest stands, with particular emphasis on those which have been applied to the study of tropical forests. These indices have been classified according to their data-inventory requirements. A number of aspects concerned with the statistical properties of the most commonly employed indices (Fisher and Morisita indices, LQV techniques and SADIE in the quadrats group; Clark-Evans, Pielou and Byth-Ripley in the nearest-neighbour group; The empirical L(d) and O-ring functions in the mapped data group) and their applicability to tropical stands, have been tested in experimental plots located in an Andean tropical forest.
