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1
artículo
The application of different unit root statistics is by now a standard practice in empirical work. Even when it is a practical issue, these statistics have complex nonstandard distributions depending on functionals of certain stochastic processes, and their derivations represent a barrier even for many theoretical econometricians. These derivations are based on rigorous and fundamental statistical tools which are not (very) well known by standard econometricians. This paper aims to fill this gap by explaining in a simple way one of these fundamental tools: namely, the Functional Central Limit Theorem. To this end, this paper analyzes the foundations and applicability of two versions of the Functional Central Limit Theorem within the framework of a unit root with a structural break. Initial attention is focused on the probabilistic structure of the time series to be considered. Thereafter...
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artículo
Cadmium (Cd) is a contaminant that causes significant damage to organisms. In plants, it results in growth delay, alters photosynthetic function, and affects nutrient concentrations. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Cd (0, 0,25, 0,50, and 1 µM) on chlorophyll content, structural damage to the root, and the absorption and translocation of nutrients (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn) in Phaseolus vulgaris var. Opus plants. An increase in chlorophyll a was observed at Cd concentrations of 0.25 and 1 µM. Chlorophyll b increased across all Cd treatments, while carotenoid content decreased in all treatments. The roots exhibited structural damage as Cd concentrations increased. For nutrients, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn in leaves, and K in stems, increased with higher Cd doses. Conversely, K in roots decreased with higher Cd concentrations, and Fe decreased compared to the control in all evaluated ...
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artículo
Root canal systems present a varied morphological conformation for each group of teeth. Several authors have described the anatomical conformation and its variants in different classifications, including the main, collateral, lateral, secondary, accessory, interduct, recurrent, apical delta and interradicular cavus canals. Currently, radiology still does not allow visualization of all these structures. However, proper use of imaging techniques together with the use of new 3D equipment for adjustments of acquisition parameters with adequate software and algorithms allows greater image precision, facilitating diagnosis and the planning of the most adequate approach for endodontic treatments. The objective of this article was to conduct a review of the literature to identify new concepts and useful imaging tools for better diagnoses.
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artículo
This work studies the dependence of Cs-137 root uptake on the structure of landscape, especially on the properties of soils, under controlled conditions. Researches were carried out at various levels of Cs-137 contamination (from 20 up 1000 kBq/m²), with five different types of soils, which differ in texture and granulometric composition. The results showed that transfer factor (TF) values of Cs-137 differ 5 times for the natural grassy coenoses. The correlation between Cs-137 TF values and granulometric composition of soil was determined for both automorphic and hydromorphic mineral soils.
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artículo
Objective: Determine the antibacterial activity in vitro of ozonized Propyleneglycol (Endozone ®) and ultrasound on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in root canals of bovine teeth. Methods: The study was experimental, and carried out in the microbiology laboratory of the Faculty of Biology of the Altiplano University. The samples were seeded in bile esculin agar, bovine teeth were contaminated with E. faecalis was carried out, bovine teeth were contaminated with E. faecalis to which was applied Endozone® and ultrasound at different times of action, after this procedure the count of the colony development for each tooth was done using the structured direct observation technique. Results: The average of the antibacterial activity of Endozone® on Enterococcus faecalis was 92%, the average antibacterial activity of Endozone® applied with ultrasound for 10 seconds was 94,63%, applied f...
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artículo
This study was partly supported by grants AGL2016-76832-R and PID2019-107009RB-I00 from the National Program for Research Aimed at the Challenges of Society-RETOS of Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain). Ruben Cueva-Mestanza mobility grant (016-2018-CONCYTEC-P) was supported by CONCYTEC-FONDECYT.
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artículo
Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced through oxygen-limited pyrolysis of organic biomass, demonstrates exceptional potential as a soil amendment due to its porous structure and stability. This research investigated the impact of guinea pig manure biochar on three vegetable species cultivated in high Andean conditions: spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.), and chard (Beta vulgaris var.). The study implemented four biochar application rates (0, 10, 20, and 30 t/ha) and measured comprehensive agronomic parameters including leaf count, leaf length, and fresh/dry biomass of both leaves and roots. Simultaneously, UAV-captured multispectral imagery provided spectral indices that were integrated with agronomic data into machine learning models: linear regression, support vector machines (SVM), and regression trees (CART). Results demonstrated significant vegetativ...
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artículo
The aggregation of proteins in the brain is one of the main features of neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer’s disease, the abnormal aggregation of A?-42 is due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The latter is due to variations in the environment, such as temperature, salt concentration, and pH. We evaluated the effect of protonation/deprotonation of residues that are part of trimeric and pentameric oligomers at pH 5, pH 6, and pH 7. Molecular dynamics simulation at 200 ns in the canonical ensemble was implemented. The results have revealed that histidine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid residues showed a protonation/deprotonation effect in oligomers. The root mean square deviation analysis was used to analyze the structural stability at different pHs. We found an increase in hydrophobicity in the side chains of the trimer, while in the pentamer, the structural instability of a c...
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artículo
Introducción: El tratamiento endodóntico busca desinfectar y moldear los conductos radiculares mediante el desgaste controlado de sus paredes. La selección del sistema rotatorio adecuado es fundamental para conservar la dentina pericervical. Objetivo: Comparar el desgaste en dentina pericervical con tres sistemas reciprocantes (WaveOne Gold, One Reci y Reciproc Blue). Metodología: Estudio experimental in vitro con 30 premolares unirradiculares, distribuidos aleatoriamente en tres grupos de 10 dientes cada uno. Se realizaron evaluaciones tomográficas antes y después de la instrumentación, y se midieron las superficies mesial, distal, palatina/lingual y vestibular a 4 mm de la unión cemento-esmalte. Se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para comparar los tres sistemas, con la prueba post-hoc de Dunn para comparaciones por pares (nivel de significancia p < 0,05). Resultados: Se...
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This paper examines lexicalized morphosyntactic transitivity in Urarina, a language isolate from Peru, within the typological framework proposed by Payne (2009). It is proposed that transitivity is best seen as a scalar category in different levels of a lexical-clausal organization and that verbal roots of languages like Urarina can be categorized in more specific terms than only a dichotomic transitive/intransitive distinction. Based on their morphosyntactic behavior, we identify at least four types of lexicalized transitivity and six different verb subclasses on account of the typological framework proposed for Urarina. For this purpose, we describe how roots, stems, and affixes involved in increasing or decreasing valence work. It is argued that Urarina presents a very rigorous organization of its transitivity at the lexical level that mostly remains at the clausal level. In this way,...
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artículo
This paper examines lexicalized morphosyntactic transitivity in Urarina, a language isolate from Peru, within the typological framework proposed by Payne (2009). It is proposed that transitivity is best seen as a scalar category in different levels of a lexical-clausal organization and that verbal roots of languages like Urarina can be categorized in more specific terms than only a dichotomic transitive/intransitive distinction. Based on their morphosyntactic behavior, we identify at least four types of lexicalized transitivity and six different verb subclasses on account of the typological framework proposed for Urarina. For this purpose, we describe how roots, stems, and affixes involved in increasing or decreasing valence work. It is argued that Urarina presents a very rigorous organization of its transitivity at the lexical level that mostly remains at the clausal level. In this way,...
12
artículo
The dynamics of the unemployment rate over time reflects the performance of the labor market, one of the most important determinants of well-being in any economy. The unemployment rate is one of the main indicators used to analyze the prosperity and economic situation of a country, and also allows analyzing the economy from two perspectives: the first from the supply side and from the demand side. In this research we are going to analyze the dynamics of unemployment in Metropolitan Lima.For this purpose, we will use the data from the Permanent Employment Survey - EPE from 2002 to 2018 to calculate the monthly unemployment rates. We are interested in studying the development dynamics of the unemployment rate in Metropolitan Lima, and also in comparing the development dynamics ofthe said rate in different cones, men and women, and also the dynamics in different age groups. The main objecti...
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artículo
Hoy en día es una práctica estándar de trabajo empírico la aplicación de diferentes estadísticos de contraste de raíz unitaria. A pesar de ser un aspecto práctico, estos estadísticos poseen distribuciones complejas y no estándar que dependen de funcionales de ciertos procesos estocásticos y sus derivaciones representan una barrera incluso para varios econometristas teóricos. Estas derivaciones están basadas en herramientas estadísticas fundamentales y rigurosas que no son (muy) bien conocidas por econometristas estándar. El presente artículo completa esta brecha al explicar en una forma simple una de estas herramientas fundamentales la cual es el Teorema del Límite Central Funcional. Por lo tanto, este documento analiza los fundamentos y la aplicabilidad de dos versiones del Teorema del Límite Central Funcional dentro del marco de una raíz unitaria con un quiebre estru...
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documento de trabajo
En este documento analizamos el grado de persistencia en las tasas de desempleo de las 10 provincias Canadienses utilizando datos trimestrales para el periodo 1976:1-2005:4. Como parte de la metodología, aplicamos un estadístico de raíz unitaria con dos quiebres calculado como el mínimo de los estadísticos LM estimados para cada observación. A diferencia de estadísticos de raíz unitaria tradicionales (con o sin quiebres), dicho estadístico permite encontrar estacionariedad en las diferentes tasas de desempleo dando respaldo a la teoría de la tasa natural de desempleo. Luego, usamos la metodología propuesta por Bai y Perron (1998,2003) para estimar un modelo lineal con múltiples cambios estructurales que permite estimar los diferentes grados de persistencia en los diferentes regímenes seleccionados. Los resultados sugieren que el grado de persistencia disminuye cuando múltip...
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documento de trabajo
La economía peruana ha crecido sosteniblemente durante los últimos 15 años. Verificar si los departamentos (o regiones) han logrado un proceso de convergencia, ya sea hacia un único estado estacionario o su propio estado estacionario, sería equivalente a la verificación de un proceso de inclusión en dicho proceso de crecimiento. Características básicas del censo nacional nos permiten afirmar que un gran número de los departamentos que aún no llegan a ciertos criterios mínimos de subsistencia son, por tanto, en un claro proceso de exclusión. Desde esta perspectiva, consideramos que el concepto de convergencia nos puede dar un poco de luz sobre la situación. Si existe convergencia, es probable que dicha convergencia se realiza hacia la pobreza o la exclusión. En este documento, diferentes pruebas estadísticas se aplican para verificar la existencia de convergencia estocást...
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documento de trabajo
En este trabajo, se analiza el impacto de varias reformas laborales en España sobre su tasa de desempleo de equilibrio. Para este fin, se analiza el comportamiento de la tasa de desempleo observada en España durante el período de 1976-2012, para discernir si la tasa de desempleo se caracteriza mejor como un proceso de histéresis o, por el contrario, como un proceso estacionario con las fluctuaciones en torno a uns tasa de paro de equilibrio (NAIRU). Con el fin de lograr este objetivo, se emplean contrastes de raíz unitaria con cambio estructural. Del mismo modo, con el fin de calcular la tasa de desempleo de equilibrio, se aplica la metodología de múltiples cambios estructurales propuestos por Bai y Perron (1998, 2003a). Este método permite estimar las fechas de quiebre y los valores de las tasas de desempleo de cada uno de los regímenes seleccionados. Por último, se compara la...
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artículo
The differences between people correspond to nature itself and are used by hegemonic, well­off groups to discriminate. The legitimation of practitioners is supported by the need to remain empowered; they benefit socially. The profit advances to the psychological level that rejoices in self­esteem and egocentrism. Gender discrimination is one of the most common. Not only are women discriminated against, but also everything that represents «feminine». Discrimination takes root in societies, becoming structural. Currently, there are abundant local and international regulations, but structural discriminatory schemes contrive to turn these regulatory blocks into social «aesthetic makeup», blocking effective access to rights and justice.
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tesis de grado
La anatomía radical de 14 especies del genero Astrocaryum, de las 40 especies aceptadas por Kahn (2008), y una especie de Hexopetion han sido estudiados. Se presentan descripciones inéditas de la estructura anatómica y la composición fitoquímica de las paredes celulares presentes en las raíces de plántulas. Se muestra que todas las especies pueden ser distinguidas mediante caracteres anatómicos de la raíz y es una herramienta complementaria útil para separar especies dentro de los géneros. Estos caracteres están dispersos en especies de las distintas secciones y subsecciones dentro de Astrocaryum, por ello caracteres cualitativos son mejores que caracteres cuantitativos para diferenciar taxa. Finalmente, se presenta una clave para diferenciar las especies estudiadas de Astrocaryum mediante caracteres anatómicos de la raíz. Palabras clave: raíces, anatomía, plántulas, pal...
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artículo
Objetivo: Determinar la actividad antibacteriana in vitro del propilenglicol ozonizado (Endozone®) y ultrasonido sobre Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) en conductos radiculares de dientes de bovino. Métodos: El estudio fue de tipo experimental y se realizó en el laboratorio de microbiología de la Facultad de Biología de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano-Puno. Las muestras fueron sembradas en agar bilis esculina, se contaminó dientes de bovino con E. faecalis a los cuales se les aplicó Endozone® y ultrasonido en distintos tiempos de acción luego de este procedimiento se realizó el recuento de desarrollo de colonias para cada diente mediante la técnica de observación directa estructurada. Resultados: El promedio de la actividad antibacteriana del Endozone® sobre E. faecalis fue de 92%, el promedio de la actividad antibacteriana del Endozone® aplicado con ultrasonido po...
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tesis de grado
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales. Departamento Académico de Industrias Forestales