Objective:To determine the frequency of idiopathic osteoesclerosis (IO) and condensing osteitis (CO) in panoramic radiographs. Methodology: 1500 panoramic radiographs of patients of both sexes, with chronological ages between 20 and 88 years, were studied. The presence of bone condensations (BC), distribution according to age, sex, location, relationship with the teeth, and whether they were solitary or multiple were evaluated. Results: 183 BC (12.4%) were observed with 113 in women (61.7%) and 70 in men (38.2%). IO was verified in 127 subjects (8.5% of the total sample), while 56 presented CO (3.7%). IO was more frequent between the third and fourth decade of life, while a greater number of CO was found over 40 years of age (p = 0.002); regarding sex, both types of BC were significantly more frequent in women (p = 0.005). BC were more frequently located in the right molar, left molar, a...

Objective: To determine the association between the mandibular canine index (MCI) and sex by evaluating cone-beam computed tomographies (TCHC) of patients attending a radiographic center during 2014 to 2017. Methodology: 500 TCHCs of 184 men and 316 women ages 12-50 years were assessed using RealScan 2.0 software. The distal mesio diameter of the right and left lower canines was determined, as well as the lower intercanine distance in each TCHC. Then, the presence of sexual dimorphism was determined according to the canine teeth, with the left canine presenting the highest value (5.67%), and with these data, the MCI was obtained for each TCHC. Subsequently, the standard MCI cut-off point was determined, obtaining a value of 0.264 and the real value of the sex of each TCHC was compared with the cut-off point. Results: The efficacy of the MCI was 55.43% in men and 54.75% in women (kappa = ...

Introduction: Morphological alterations of the condyles are determined by a decrease of bone tissue in the mandibular condyle, changing its shape and size. One of the most frequent signs of these alterations involves condylar flattening that occurs among dynamic processes and is characterized by a loss of convexity of the articular condyle. Radiographically this is observed as a convex surface, the condylar bone cortex is continuous and there is an absence of irregular radiopaque or radiolucent areas. Objectives: To evaluate the radiographic characteristics of condylar flattening of the temporomandibular joint in dentate and non-dentate patients using panoramic radiography. Methods: We evaluated panoramic radiographs obtained at the D3RX Oral and Maxillofacial Digital Radiology Center in Floridablanca-Colombia from January 2017 to December 2018. Patients were randomly selected according ...

Epithelial rests of Malassez are cells that are arranged in a network located around the roots of the teeth forming part of the periodontal ligament tissues. The functions that these cells perform are not very specific, however, they have shown to participate in the maintenance of the periodontal ligament space, regeneration of periodontal tissue, including cement regeneration among others. In addition, they are able to differentiate into other cell lineages, thereby demonstrating their capacity as stem cells. These cells are best known for their role in the participation and proliferation of the formation of different pathologies, such as cysts and odontogenic tumors.

The safety of the use of radiation in odontology must be guaranteed in order to avoid adverse effects to the health of dental staff and patients. The present study is a review of the literature on exposure to ionizing radiations and the advantages and properties which simple concrete and barite provide as shielding material in wall design and construction in areas of odontology in which X-rays are used. The general characteristics of X-rays which make them harmful to exposed workers and the general public are described. An attenuation coefficient is the fraction of an x-ray beam that is absorbed or scattered per unit thickness of the absorber. There is little information on this subject, however, it was found that both concrete and barite are able to block and reduce the intensity of radiation, with concrete acting as an absorbent to reduce the biological effects of radiation and barite ...

Objective: Hypercementosis (HPC) is an asymptomatic pathology that, according to the existing literature, has a low prevalence, there is a lack of information and research on it, within these studies, few are made by ethnic groups. To determine the prevalence and radiographic patterns of this condition, as well as the analysis of the relationship of the pathology with some of what are considered possible local triggering factors (FDL) in Mexican individuals. Methodology: 1193 orthopantomographies (OPG) were analyzed, randomly selected from patients of both sexes, with a chronological age range between 18 and 90 years, identifying the prevalence of HPC, as well as its relationship between age groups, its morphological patterns (focal, diffuse and sleeve-shaped), its distribution by anatomical region and dental organs (ODs) and the association of its presence with possible local triggering...

In medicine, ultrasound is especially useful to evaluate intrauterine development, cyst behavior, and internal organs, but the use of ultrasound in dentistry has only recently been explored and used in the daily routine diagnostic methods in clinical dental practice. The growing interest in the useof ultrasound as a diagnostic and therapeutic method in dentistry has led to studies investigating its benefits in relation to accessibility, cost and innocuousness to health. This review describes the current use of ultrasound in different dental specialties and compares it with other diagnosticmethods.

Root canal systems present a varied morphological conformation for each group of teeth. Several authors have described the anatomical conformation and its variants in different classifications, including the main, collateral, lateral, secondary, accessory, interduct, recurrent, apical delta and interradicular cavus canals. Currently, radiology still does not allow visualization of all these structures. However, proper use of imaging techniques together with the use of new 3D equipment for adjustments of acquisition parameters with adequate software and algorithms allows greater image precision, facilitating diagnosis and the planning of the most adequate approach for endodontic treatments. The objective of this article was to conduct a review of the literature to identify new concepts and useful imaging tools for better diagnoses.

In 1942, Dr. Edward Stafne presented 35 cases of asymptomatic, clearly defined, round or ovoid radiolucencies occurring near the angle of the mandible, with a greater incidence below the lower dental canal, between the mandibular angle and the roots of the first lower molar, which he referred to as a bone defect. This bone defect later became known by other names. Clinically, Stafne’s idiopathic bone cavity (SIBC) is asymptomatic, is usually not palpated intraorally and has no present extraoral signs. Thus, in most cases it is an accidental radiological finding, which appears as a delimited, elliptical, or rounded radiolucent image, with a diameter ranging from 1 to 3 cm, and delimited by osteocondensation in the anteroinferior limits. According to the location of the findings, they are classified as; anterior, posterior and branch. This entity should be considered as a variant of norm...

Vascular alterations or disorders of the blood and / or lymphatic vessels have their own characteristics, the identification of calcifications being a correct parameter to be able to make a proper diagnosis. The objective of the study was to describe the radiographic characteristics of phleboliths, and whether they represent a challenge for diagnosis. according to the literature reviewed in the Medline (PubMed) database, Scielo, Google Scholar and some specialized journals. Phleboliths were found to have very particular radiographic characteristics, with concentric radiolucent and radiopaque images that resemble rings. However, not all the presentations are similar, this makes the diagnosis misleading with other calcifications in this region, such as sialoliths where their appearance is usually similar. Furthermore, there is the relationship with vascular anomalies and hemangiomas. final...

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the craniofacial structure has demonstrated its usefulness in the dental area during the last decades, thus it has become a fundamental tool in the diagnosis, planning, and evaluation of treatment, and although it was not developed for the exclusive use in dentistry, as it is commonly considered, it is used in other areas such as medicine. It is specifically used in the head and neck area where different medical specialties interact, and at the same time these interact with dental specialties, so knowing the advantages of CBCT over different imaging technologies in the medical area is necessary. The purpose of this review was to describe the applications of observation, diagnosis, planning, and evolution of treatments using maxillofacial HSCT in different medical specialties. This work highlights the use of TCHC in different medical applications an...

Sialolithiasis is one of the most common pathologies of the major salivary glands and occurs more frequently in the submandibular glands. Between 80 and 95% of sialoliths develop in the submandibular glands, between 5 and 20% in the parotid gland, and only 1% in the sublingual gland. Sialoliths form within the parenchyma and associated duct systems. In Wharton's duct (80- 90%) and only 15% in the gland. Sialolithiasis is the cause of pain and inflammation of the salivary gland by obstructing the duct and preventing salivary secretion, before, during and after food. The objective of this article was to review the different diagnostic imaging methods used for the study of calcifications of the submandibular gland, based on different studies reported in contemporary scientific literature, in order to establish the correct diagnosis. A search of the literature was carried out in the main inf...

Osteomas are benign osteogenic lesions derived from compact or spongy bone. They are characterized by their slow growth and appear more frequently between 20 and 50 years of age, with a higher prevalence in men than in women. These lesions are clinically asymptomatic and canbe found in the craniofacial region, particularly in the paranasal sinuses and the mandible, and may have a central, peripheral or extraosseous presentation. Multiple osteomas are related to Gardner's Syndrome. Treatment of osteoma is surgical when complications develop. Imaging studies such as panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography are the modalities most widely used to determine the location, extent, and anatomical relationships of the lesion. Imaging features may present as a bony excretion of compact, spongy, or mixed bone. Adequate knowledge of these lesions allows adequate diagnosis and better t...

Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is currently classified as a benign tumor of ectomesenchymal origin, observed between the second and fourth decade of age, with a predilection in women and predominance in the mandibular region, composed of rounded and angular cells embedded in an abundant myxoid stroma, of aggressive biological behavior, having the characteristic of being locally infiltrative. Tumor cells spread in the intratrabecular space beyond the bone limit, makingit difficult to determine the edge of the tumor, even without cortical continuity, presenting intermittent direct contact with soft tissue; the appearance can be unilocular (small lesions), or commonly the typical image is that of a destructive lesion with poorly defined borders with a multilocular growth pattern, for which the use of advanced medical images such as Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CTHC), Computed Tomography (CT), Ma...

In dental practice, the use of imaging has increased over the years, generating an increase in the radiation dose for the dental patient. One factor under discussion is the amount of dose used in patients, men, women and children, at different stages of their life, due to the scientific evidence of the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. This review of the literature analyzed the characteristics of radiation and its effects in relation to the doses administered, and its equivalences in dental practice in panoramic periapical radiographs and cone beam tomographies. A search of the literature was carried out in the main information sources such as Medline (via PubMed), ELSEVIER, SCIELO,　and LILACS, using the search terms with a date limitation of the last 10 years. The selected articles　had to include information regarding the keywords used, including "Dental Offices, Radiation Dose...