BACKGROUND: AIDS in children less than 15 years is mainly acquired through vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV). Knowledge on the pathogenesis of this infection has progressively increased, and several therapeutic trials have been proposed to reduce the maternal viral load in order to prevent the vertical transmission of the virus. Zidovudine (AZT) is the drug with most cumulated clinical. The Instituto Materno Perinatal in Lima, Perú, has roughly 24 000 deliveries per year, and is pioneer in using AZT (shorted course) in pregnant women for prevention of vertical transmission of HIV OBJECTIVES: To determine the vertical transmission rate of HIV in our institute, and the impact of the preventive use of AZT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 113 children of HIV infected mothers, bom and controlled in the period 1998 to 2001. Diagnosis of perinatal inf...

BACKGROUND: AIDS in children less than 15 years is mainly acquired through vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV). Knowledge on the pathogenesis of this infection has progressively increased, and several therapeutic trials have been proposed to reduce the maternal viral load in order to prevent the vertical transmission of the virus. Zidovudine (AZT) is the drug with most cumulated clinical. The Instituto Materno Perinatal in Lima, Perú, has roughly 24 000 deliveries per year, and is pioneer in using AZT (shorted course) in pregnant women for prevention of vertical transmission of HIV OBJECTIVES: To determine the vertical transmission rate of HIV in our institute, and the impact of the preventive use of AZT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 113 children of HIV infected mothers, bom and controlled in the period 1998 to 2001. Diagnosis of perinatal inf...

Introduction. Healthcare-associated infections are a frequent and severe complication in newborns with very low birth weight (NBVLBW). Objective. To describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of these infections in newborns weighing between 500 and 1 499 grams at the National Maternal and Perinatal Institute. Methods. A descriptive, retrospective, and cross sectional study was conducted in Lima in 2024. A total of 266 newborns with confirmed diagnosis were included. Results. The infection rate was 13.9 %. Mortality reached 71.4 % in newborns weighing 500 to 999 grams and 19.8 % in those weighing 1 000 to 1 499 grams. Central venous catheters were involved in 68.7 % of cases. The most frequent pathogens were Staphylococcus coagulase-negative and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Gram-negative bacilli showed higher lethality and resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. Conclu...

With the large development of the global fight against human immunodeficiency virus, congenital syphilis (CS) has remained a silent epidemic that has seen increasing mortality and morbidity indicators fetal / neonatal. Epidemiologically the highest rates of CS are in countries where the health system is not the most suitable for the care of the mother and child from there to talk to the CS rate is a negative indicator of health systems. Some conditions, such as the difficulty of diagnosis and changes in criteria for determination, not allowed to have reliable information about its impact, although it is clear that third world countries especially sub-Saharan Africa are most affected by this. WHO estimates that each year is responsible for 460,000 abortions or stillbirths, 270 000 cases of congenital syphilis and the birth of 270 000 premature or low birth weight.The SC can manifest in fe...

With the large development of the global fight against human immunodeficiency virus, congenital syphilis (CS) has remained a silent epidemic that has seen increasing mortality and morbidity indicators fetal / neonatal. Epidemiologically the highest rates of CS are in countries where the health system is not the most suitable for the care of the mother and child from there to talk to the CS rate is a negative indicator of health systems. Some conditions, such as the difficulty of diagnosis and changes in criteria for determination, not allowed to have reliable information about its impact, although it is clear that third world countries especially sub-Saharan Africa are most affected by this. WHO estimates that each year is responsible for 460,000 abortions or stillbirths, 270 000 cases of congenital syphilis and the birth of 270 000 premature or low birth weight.The SC can manifest in fe...

Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a perinatal health problem globally and in our country, due to the increase in contagion in pregnant women who run the risk of vertical transmission of HIV to their baby during the pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. Various publications mention that the prevalence of vertical transmission of HIV varies according to different authors between 3.8% and 17%. In Peru it is reported at 4%. Among the risk factors associated with vertical transmission of HIV, the following are mentioned: absence of antiretroviral therapy during prenatal care with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) ranging from 2.41 to 17.20; absence of a program for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV with aORa of 4.6 to 40.6; absence of prenatal control ORa 4.6; home delivery with aOR of 3.35 to 8.10; emergency cesarean delivery with OR of 4.32; ...

Pregnancy in a woman living with HIV continues to be an important health problem that involves not only the pregnant woman but also the product of pregnancy due to the high risk of transmitting the virus during pregnancy, the time of delivery and breastfeeding maternal. Despite the years the selected studies continue to report that the reduction of vertical transmission of HIV is achieved with the early diagnosis of the infection in the pregnant woman, reducing the maternal viral load using antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy and in timing of delivery, elective cesarean delivery, discontinuation of breastfeeding, and antiretroviral prophylaxis in the newborn.

Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a perinatal health problem globally and in our country, due to the increase in contagion in pregnant women who run the risk of vertical transmission of HIV to their baby during the pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. Various publications mention that the prevalence of vertical transmission of HIV varies according to different authors between 3.8% and 17%. In Peru it is reported at 4%. Among the risk factors associated with vertical transmission of HIV, the following are mentioned: absence of antiretroviral therapy during prenatal care with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) ranging from 2.41 to 17.20; absence of a program for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV with aORa of 4.6 to 40.6; absence of prenatal control ORa 4.6; home delivery with aOR of 3.35 to 8.10; emergency cesarean delivery with OR of 4.32; ...

Pregnancy in a woman living with HIV continues to be an important health problem that involves not only the pregnant woman but also the product of pregnancy due to the high risk of transmitting the virus during pregnancy, the time of delivery and breastfeeding maternal. Despite the years the selected studies continue to report that the reduction of vertical transmission of HIV is achieved with the early diagnosis of the infection in the pregnant woman, reducing the maternal viral load using antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy and in timing of delivery, elective cesarean delivery, discontinuation of breastfeeding, and antiretroviral prophylaxis in the newborn.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of vertical transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a referral hospital in Peru. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted at the National Maternal Perinatal Institute between 2017 and 2023. HIV-screened pregnant women were included, analyzing maternal variables, delivery type, and newborn condition. HIV detection was performed using a rapid test, and data were collected from clinical records. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 108 585 pregnant women were screened, identifying 357 HIV-positive cases (0.33%). Ten cases of vertical transmission (2.8%) were diagnosed, mostly intrapartum (60%). Cesarean delivery was observed in 90% of cases. Conclusion: Maternal HIV seroprevalence was 0.33%, and vertical transmission prevalence was 2.8%. The f...

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y características de la transmisión vertical del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en un hospital de referencia en Perú. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo realizado en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal entre 2017 y 2023. Se incluyeron gestantes tamizadas para VIH, analizando variables maternas, tipo de parto y condición del recién nacido. La detección del VIH se realizó mediante prueba rápida, y los datos se recolectaron de registros clínicos. Se empleó estadística descriptiva para el análisis de datos. Resultados: Se tamizaron 108 585 gestantes, con 357 casos de VIH (0,33%). Se identificaron 10 casos de transmisión vertical (2,8%), diagnosticados mayormente en el intraparto (60%). El 90% de las gestantes culminó en cesárea. Conclusión: La seroprevalencia materna fue de 0,33% y la transmisión vertic...

Objetivo: Comparar los resultados del embarazo entre mujeres con y sin COVID-19 atendidas en un hospital nacional de nivel III de Perú. Método: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y comparativo. Participaron gestantes con RT-PCR positiva y negativa en razón 1:1, y 1:2 con gestantes del año 2019. Se recogió información materna y perinatal. Se usó la prueba exacta de Fisher con significancia de 0,05 y razones de prevalencia (RP) con intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Participaron 51 gestantes con RT-PCR positiva, 51 gestantes con RT-PCR negativa y 102 gestantes del año 2019. Se observó asociación entre los resultados de la RT-PCR y el parto pretérmino (p < 0,05). La RP de parto pretérmino en las gestantes con RT-PCR positiva fue de 3,14 (IC95%: 1,29-7,64) veces en comparación con las gestantes de 2019 y de 4,0 (IC95%: 1,13-14,17) veces en comparación con las...

Introduction. Neonatal sepsis is a set of clinical signs and symptoms caused by a systemic infection, associated with maternal, neonatal or hospital risk factors. Objective. Provide informed recommendations for the best available evidence for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of neonatal sepsis. Methods an Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guide (CPG) was developed through an adaptation process, in charge of a team of methodologists and neonatologists who are experts in the clinical management of neonatal sepsis. The search and pre-selection of CPGs that respond to the scope and objectives set were carried out, using the AGREE-II instrument, the methodological quality of the guides was evaluated and their adaptation decided. To identify the evidence that answers the questions in the guideline, a systematic search was carried out in multiple databases: M...