Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plays a major role in the economy of Peru and the world. The present study aims to elucidate the agro-morphological variability of coffee genotypes maintained in the INIA´s germplasm collection. Therefore, 20 vegetative, reproductive, and phytosanitary traits of 162 coffee accessions of INIA’s germplasm collection were evaluated and analyzed. Correlation results indicate that a simultaneous selection of characters, such as number of branches per plant, number of nodes per branch, leaf area and weight of a hundred fruits, can contribute to increase coffee yields. Additionally, coffee yield was negatively correlated with the incidence and severity of coffee leaf rust, and interestingly the occurrence of small and compact coffee plants with high resistance to the disease was also found. The analysis of Tocher and Mahalanobis D2 determined the formation of 10 gr...

Between 2011–2013, yellow rust unleashed one of the most important phytosanitary crises in the coffee sector in Peru, causing a negative impact on the rural family economy. One of the factors associated with the intensification of the disease was the predominance of susceptible cultivars in agricultural systems. Faced with the need to rehabilitate the coffee park with new cultivars, the National Institute for Agrarian Innovation (INIA) has managed the installation of basic coffee germplasm for the development of the yellow rust resistance program, which is made up of 169 introductions from the departments of Pasco, Junín, Huánuco, Ucayali, Cajamarca, and Amazonas and obtained from 2015. The objective of the study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of epidemic conditions in the field and characterize the components of horizontal resistance, using the method of inoculations of ...

El presente documento fue elaborado por el Equipo Técnico de la Estación Experimental Agraria Perla del VRAEM y compila diversos ensayos de campo desarrollados en las distintas parcelas demostrativas de café en el VRAEM, con el objetivo de difundir un paquete tecnológico que permita orientar a los agricultores en el manejo del cultivo y uniformizar conocimientos entre los profesionales del área para la oportuna identificación, monitoreo, prevención y control de las plagas del café.

Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plays a major role in the economy of Peru and the world. The present study aims to elucidate the agro-morphological variability of coffee genotypes maintained in the INIA´s germplasm collection. Therefore, 20 vegetative, reproductive, and phytosanitary traits of 162 coffee accessions of INIA’s germplasm collection were evaluated and analyzed. Correlation results indicate that a simultaneous selection of characters, such as number of branches per plant, number of nodes per branch, leaf area and weight of a hundred fruits, can contribute to increase coffee yields. Additionally, coffee yield was negatively correlated with the incidence and severity of coffee leaf rust, and interestingly the occurrence of small and compact coffee plants with high resistance to the disease was also found. The analysis of Tocher and Mahalanobis D2 determined the formation of 10 gr...

La caficultura del VRAEM se basó en producción de las variedades Typica, Caturra y Catimor (INIA, 2019), que en años posteriores a la crisis de la roya amarilla (Hemileia vastatrix) fueron paulatinamente reemplazadas por nuevas introducciones de café a fin de mejorar el rendimiento y mantener la calidad de la taza. Entre los genotipos introducidos a la zona se encuentran las variedades Geisha, Catuaí, Obatá, Marsellesa, Tupi y Catiguá. Sin embargo, los programas del gobierno nacional siguen recomendando algunos genotipos que conforman los cafés de excelencia (Caturra, Typica, Bourbón, Pacamara y Pache) pero para altitudes mayores a 1600 m s.n.m., con un plan de manejo del cultivo que permita disminuir las pérdidas debido a problemas fitosanitarios y maximizar las ganancias en función a la calidad. La producción y comercialización de los cafés especiales se presenta como una...

The objective of the study was to evaluate the reaction of Theobroma cacao clones to the artificial inoculation of Moniliophthora roreri, at the Tulumayo Experimental Station, Tingo María. Eleven “S” clonal hybrids and 3 “C” farmer collection clones were studied. Conidia of M. roreri were inoculated into 65-day-old fruits, protected for 48 h in a humid chamber. Incidence, external severity (SE) according to fruit damage in degrees were evaluated weekly, 0: healthy fruit, 1: hydrosis, 2: swelling, 3: necrosis, 4: mycelium that covers ¼ part of the stain and 5: mycelium that covers more than ¼ part of the stain, and internal severity (SI): percentage of necrotic grain in each fruit, the clones being compared by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). The results show a high incidence in all the clones, with values of 91.67 to 100%. Clone S-19 showed the lowest SE, which was 2.64, ...

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La inoculación artificial de Moniliophthora.roreri tuvo como objetivo evaluar la reacción del hospedante-patógeno, generando la condición necesaria para la evaluación de cultivares promisorios. Las variables de incidencia de la enfermedad, índice de severidad externa (ISE), área debajo de la curva de la enfermedad (ACPE), periodo latente medio (PLM) y severidad interna (SI), se evaluaron diez semanas después de la inoculación a frutos de 60 a 65 días de edad. Los genotipos S-08, S-09, S-11, S-13, S-15, S-19, S-22, S-24, S-26, S-28, C-02, C-03 y C-29 mostraron susceptibilidad a la infección del patógeno, encontrándose valores promedios de incidencia entre 91.67 al 100%. Diferencias significativa entre los genotipos sólo ocurrió para el índice de severidad externa (ISE), donde sobresalió el clon S-19 por presentar un menor grado de daño. La severidad interna (SI) se prese...

La producción de café (Coffea arabica) es de gran importancia económica para el Perú. El estudio de su caracterización agromorfológica y estimación de parámetros genéticos puede proporcionar información valiosa para la selección y mejora genética del cultivo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal fue estudiar la variabilidad genética de las accesiones de café mediante la caracterización agromorfológica con énfasis en la resistencia a H. vastatrix. El análisis de parámetros genéticos y el enfoque multivariado revelaron una gran variación fenotípica y alta heredabilidad en los caracteres relacionados con el rendimiento y la resistencia a la roya amarilla. Mediante el método de Tocher y la distancia de Mahalanobis, se formaron 10 grupos divergentes, siendo los grupos 1, 5, 9 y 10 considerados promisorios para el mejoramiento genético debido a sus características comer...

El uso de trampas caseras con extracto acuoso de café mezclado con alcohol usado como atrayente es un método eficaz, barato y no contaminante para el control de la broca del café. Las trampas son elaboradas con materiales fácilmente disponibles, como botellas de plástico, frascos pequeños, alambre y alcohol medicinal, el cual es eficaz difusor del atrayente. Aquí se reportan los resultados de dos evaluaciones semanales efectuadas en un campo comercial. En ambas evaluaciones se registró la captura de cerca de 4000 hembras migrantes, con un valor promedio de 98,2 hembras/trampas/semana. De esta manera, se logró evitar la generación de 9 millones de individuos.

Management of phytosanitary and biosecurity risks associated with the Cerambycidae focuses on prevention and early detection. Semiochemical-baited traps are an important component of these management efforts. Cerambycid pheromones are often screened in field trials to develop inventories of which species can be surveyed with which semiochemicals. We report field trials of two types of intercept traps (four- and three-sided panel traps) baited with known Cerambycidae pheromones aimed to capture Peruvian fauna. Intercept traps were baited with anti-2,3-hexanediol, fuscumol, and fuscumol acetate alone and in binary and ternary blends. The most frequently captured species was Megacyllene andesiana (Casey) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (n = 268), followed by Oreodera bituberculata Bates (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (n = 59), Discopus eques Bates (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (n = 37), and Aegomorphus...

Management of phytosanitary and biosecurity risks associated with the Cerambycidae focuses on prevention and early detection. Semiochemical-baited traps are an important component of these management efforts. Cerambycid pheromones are often screened in field trials to develop inventories of which species can be surveyed with which semiochemicals. We report field trials of two types of intercept traps (four- and three-sided panel traps) baited with known Cerambycidae pheromones aimed to capture Peruvian fauna. Intercept traps were baited with anti-2,3-hexanediol, fuscumol, and fuscumol acetate alone and in binary and ternary blends. The most frequently captured species was Megacyllene andesiana (Casey) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (n = 268), followed by Oreodera bituberculata Bates (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (n = 59), Discopus eques Bates (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (n = 37), and Aegomorphus...

The objective of this study was to select native isolates of entomopathogenic fungi against adult Cosmopolites sordidus in laboratory conditions. Four isolates of Beauveria bassiana, two isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae, and two isolates of Paecilomyces lilacinus were tested against C. sordidus. The entomopathogenic fungi that resulted in mortality rates over 50% were M. anisopliae (MA-CsCha and MACarabid) and B. bassiana (BB-CsCha and BB-CsLp). The most virulent isolates were MA-CsCha, BBCsCha, and MA-Carabid with median lethal times (LT50) of 4.82, 5.4, and 5.79 days, respectively. In conclusion, the MA-CsCha, BB-CsCha, MA-Carabid, and BB-CsLp isolates are viable candidates to be tested in banana fields.

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Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) is the most important disease in coffee crops around the world. Currently, there is limited knowledge about mass production methodologies and ex-situ infection of H. vastatrix that lead to the development of different health characterization studies of Coffea or disease phenotyping. In this context, the aim of this research was to develop a simple protocol for the mass production of coffee rust uredospores under controlled conditions and to determine their infection in coffee seedlings. Uredospores of H. vastatrix were collected from infected plants in the “Chontal” coffee-growing area in San Martín, Peru. The viability of uredospore germination was evaluated, and a uredospores suspension (2 x 105 uredospores/mL) was prepared to inoculate coffee seedlings. Incidence and sporulation rates were evaluated after 43 days of inoculation. During the mu...

Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) is the most important disease in coffee crops around the world. Currently, there is limited knowledge about mass production methodologies and ex-situ infection of H. vastatrix that lead to the development of different health characterization studies of Coffea or disease phenotyping. In this context, the aim of this research was to develop a simple protocol for the mass production of coffee rust uredospores under controlled conditions and to determine their infection in coffee seedlings. Uredospores of H. vastatrix were collected from infected plants in the “Chontal” coffee-growing area in San Martín, Peru. The viability of uredospore germination was evaluated, and a uredospores suspension (2 x 105 uredospores/mL) was prepared to inoculate coffee seedlings. Incidence and sporulation rates were evaluated after 43 days of inoculation. During the mu...

Tillage conservation practices (CA), traditional agriculture (TA), and liming influence soil properties and crop yield. However, it is essential to demonstrate which tillage and liming practices improve soil properties and forage corn yield. This study compared soil properties and forage corn production in two tillage systems with the addition of dolomite and lime, which formed four treatments. The tillage in the first three days surpassed the TA soil CO2 emission, with 64.8% more CO2 than in the CA soil, and the TA hydraulic conductivity and bulk density were more suitable than those in the CA soil. The CA soil had 233 earthworms m−2 more than in TA. The TA green forage corn yielded 6.45 t ha−1 more than in CA, with a higher P, Ca, and Mg foliar content than in CA, but in the CA, the foliar N and K were higher than in TA. The liming increased soil cations (except K), highlighting th...