Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Innovación Agraria para el Desarrollo Rural

In this research, the papain enzyme was obtained from the latex of three species of the Vasconcellea genus, V. chachapoyensis, V. heilbornii and V. pubescens, species native to the Amazon region in Peru. The extracted latex was conditioned with sodium acetate buffer, EDTA and sodium bisulfite solution. The purification was carried out adapting the method of Andrade (2011), ammonium sulfate was used for precipitation; 96° ethanol in two stages for dilution; the pH was regulated at 6.0 and 8.0 with NaOH 0.1 N, it was centrifuged in three stages; frozen at -65 °C for 12 hours; and lyophilized from 24 to 36 hours with a vacuum of 0.1 to 0.6 mbar and a collector temperature of -84 to -85 ° C, finally it was packed in dark bottles. Using the milk coagulation method (Balls and Hoover) the enzymatic activity (AE) was determined, the three species obtained higher values of AE at pH 6.0 than at...

In this research, the papain enzyme was obtained from the latex of three species of the Vasconcellea genus, V. chachapoyensis, V. heilbornii and V. pubescens, species native to the Amazon region in Peru. The extracted latex was conditioned with sodium acetate buffer, EDTA and sodium bisulfite solution. The purification was carried out adapting the method of Andrade (2011), ammonium sulfate was used for precipitation; 96° ethanol in two stages for dilution; the pH was regulated at 6.0 and 8.0 with NaOH 0.1 N, it was centrifuged in three stages; frozen at -65 °C for 12 hours; and lyophilized from 24 to 36 hours with a vacuum of 0.1 to 0.6 mbar and a collector temperature of -84 to -85 ° C, finally it was packed in dark bottles. Using the milk coagulation method (Balls and Hoover) the enzymatic activity (AE) was determined, the three species obtained higher values of AE at pH 6.0 than at...

The present study aimed to identify the main genera of plant parasitic nematodes associated with the pineapple crop (Ananas comosus) and their respective percentages of occurrence (frequencies) and average population densities. Soil and root samples were collected from twenty eight pineapple fields in the province of Rodríguez de Mendoza, located between 1796 and 1936 meters above sea level. Sample were processed in duplicate by the method of modified Baerman on tray, using 50 cc. of soil and 5 g of root. In soil samples, eleven genera of plant parasitic nematodes associated with pineapple crop were identified. The genus Helicotylenchus was found in all evaluated fields and presented higher population averages in soil and root samples (24.5 and 3.9 respectively). This work is the first study to identify plant parasitic nematodes in pineapple cultivation in the department of Amazonas and...

The National Institute for Agrarian Innovation (INIA) in Perú, among countless projects, maintains the Peruvian National Cucurbita spp. germplasm bank representing the remarkable Cucurbita spp. diversity in Perú. Prior to this project, the INIA Cucurbita collection covered much of the southern Perú Cucurbita spp. diversity but was lacking Cucurbita spp. samples from northern Perú. Therefore, the Fulbright Program funded this project to investigate and inventory the disappearing diversity of Cucurbita moschata and Cucurbita ficifolia in the Department of Amazonas, Perú. The collection focused on three landraces that belong to two different species (Table 1). The two C. moschata landraces are known in the Amazonas region as loche and cushé, whilst the C. ficifolia landrace is commonly known as chiclayo. Loche has a higher economic value and culinary influence, whilst cushé has a gre...

The present study aimed to identify the main genera of plant parasitic nematodes associated with the pineapple crop (Ananas comosus) and their respective percentages of occurrence (frequencies) and average population densities. Soil and root samples were collected from twenty eight pineapple fields in the province of Rodríguez de Mendoza, located between 1796 and 1936 meters above sea level. Sample were processed in duplicate by the method of modified Baerman on tray, using 50 cc. of soil and 5 g of root. In soil samples, eleven genera of plant parasitic nematodes associated with pineapple crop were identified. The genus Helicotylenchus was found in all evaluated fields and presented higher population averages in soil and root samples (24.5 and 3.9 respectively). This work is the first study to identify plant parasitic nematodes in pineapple cultivation in the department of Amazonas and...

El arroz es el segundo cereal más importante en el mundo. El continuo crecimiento poblacional ha generado una mayor demanda de los productos consumibles de primera necesidad, siendo un reto para los científicos e investigadores mejorar los cultivos. En ese contexto, el objetivo de esta revisión fue resumir y exponer la evidencia de estudios sobre el cultivo de anteras de arroz donde se incluye detalladamente las distintas etapas de desarrollo y crecimiento a nivel in vitro y obtención de plantas verdes. Para ello, se realizó la búsqueda de artículos científicos en base de datos Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, SciELO y Web of Science, utilizando palabras clave como “anther culture”, “rice hybrids”, “doubled haploids”, “haploids”, “embryogenesis”, entre otros. Los resultados de esta revisión muestran que los estudios sobre cultivo in vitro de anteras gener...

El aroma del cacao criollo (Theobroma cacao) fino de aroma se define por compuestos volátiles como las pirazinas, cetonas y los aldehídos, que se forman durante el tostado del grano, a partir de los precursores del aroma (azúcares reductores y aminoácidos libres) que se generan en el interior del grano a través de reacciones enzimáticas durante la fermentación; por esta razón la fermentación es el proceso más importante de la cadena de valor. Esta investigación analizó la producción de precursores del aroma y los compuestos aromáticos volátiles del cacao en muestras fermentadas secas y tostadas comparadas con muestras fermentadas, secas y sin tostar, utilizando la tecnología de cromatografía de gases acoplada a un detector de masas con micro extracción en fase sólida (GC-MS-SPME-HS), se identificaron 80 compuestos volátiles de las familias de aldehídos, cetonas, alco...

In this study, we present the species of the genus Gynoxys recorded in the department of Amazonas, Peru. From March 2021 to October 2023, a review of exsiccata preserved in national herbaria, virtual databases of international herbaria, and field collections in different localities was carried out. We report 22 species of Gynoxys in Amazonas, of which two are new records for Peru and six are first reports for Amazonas. The genus is mainly distributed in the southern part of the department, inhabiting mainly moorlands and high altimontane forests of the Yungas, mostly located above 2900 meters above sea level (m a.s.l).

In this study, we present the species of the genus Gynoxys recorded in the department of Amazonas, Peru. From March 2021 to October 2023, a review of exsiccata preserved in national herbaria, virtual databases of international herbaria, and field collections in different localities was carried out. We report 22 species of Gynoxys in Amazonas, of which two are new records for Peru and six are first reports for Amazonas. The genus is mainly distributed in the southern part of the department, inhabiting mainly moorlands and high altimontane forests of the Yungas, mostly located above 2900 meters above sea level (m a.s.l).

Cattle ranching is a fundamental economic activity in northern Peru, where proper management of water resources is crucial. This study, a pioneer in the region, evaluated water quality and its suitability for human consumption, vegetable irrigation, and livestock production. It is also the first study to document the presence of metals and metalloids in vulnerable areas because they are located at the headwaters of river watersheds. The spatiotemporal evaluation of physicochemical parameters, metals, and metalloids was performed in five micro-watersheds (Cabildo, Timbambo, Pomacochas, Atuen, and Ventilla) from water samples collected in the dry season (October 2017) and wet season (March 2018). The parameters were analyzed using microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The results were contrasted with international and Peruvian quality standards related to dairy cow production. The...

El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar a nivel morfológico los hongos asociados al agroecosistema café (Coffea arabica L.), en el estado de Tabasco, México. En campo se seleccionaron al azar 6 plantas de café y se colectaron muestras de hojas tallos y frutos con síntomas visuales atribuidos a hongos. En laboratorio se realizaron aislamientos en medio PDA a partir del tejido enfermo y se obtuvieron cepas puras. Para la caracterización morfológica a nivel de género se emplearon claves especializas (forma, color y tamaño). En total se obtuvieron 47 aislamientos, los cuales fueron distribuidos por órganos de la planta: en hojas hubo 22 aislados con afinidad morfológica con Colletotrichum gloesporoides, tres con Colletotrichum theobromicola, uno con Pestalotiopsis sp, tres con Paramyrothecium roridum, uno con Phomopsis sp, dos Hemileia vastatrix y dos con Marasmius ...

Currently, the economic profitability of cocoa is being affected by the increasing incidence of pests, low selling prices, high production costs, and the presence of cadmium in cocoa farms, posing a potential risk of crop abandonment. Therefore, the objective of the present research was to evaluate the economic profitability of carbon sequestration of fine-aroma cacao agroforestry systems in Amazonas, Peru, using the economic indicators of NPV, EIRR, and the benefit–cost ratio. For this purpose, 53 small cocoa producers of the APROCAM cooperative were involved, from which data were obtained on the general characteristics of the production system, production and maintenance costs, indirect costs, and administrative costs; in addition, the costs of implementation and maintenance of an environmental services project were calculated to finally make a cash flow projected over 5 years. As pa...

En el ámbito del manejo de los ambientes montanos es muy importante generar soluciones técnicas a problemas complejos, y que se lo haga localmente con pericia y destreza en la búsqueda de energías alternativas no convencionales. Al proporcionar una opción económicamente rentable que limite el uso del combustible de leña, deforestando la poca biomasa remanente que se encuentra amenazada en la Ceja de Selva peruana, la utilización del biogás, gracias a la construcción de digestores anaeróbicos que aprovechen la materia prima de desecho de las operaciones agrícolas y ganaderas, es una solución acertada para mantener el agroecosistema operando eficientemente sin aumentar el uso de combustibles fósiles y sin contribuir al calentamiento global. Son pocas las oportunidades de tener un texto tan claro, bien ilustrado y explicativo de la técnica y la teoría de uso de recursos del ...