1
artículo
Publicado 2020
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En este estudio presentamos el enfoque y los principales resultados del proyecto Climandes.
2
artículo
Relative homogenization methods assume that measurements of nearby stations experience similar climate signals and rely therefore on dense station networks with high-temporal correlations. In developing countries such as Peru, however, networks often suffer from low-station density. The aim of this study is to quantify the influence of network density on homogenization. To this end, the homogenization method HOMER was applied to an artificially thinned Swiss network. Four homogenization experiments, reflecting different homogenization approaches, were examined. Such approaches include diverse levels of interaction of the homogenization operators with HOMER, and different application of metadata. To evaluate the performance of HOMER in the sparse networks, a reference series was built by applying HOMER under the best possible conditions. Applied in completely automatic mode, HOMER decreas...
3
artículo
Seasonal predictions have a great socioeconomic potential if they are reliable and skillful. In this study, we assess the prediction performance of SEAS5, version 5 of the seasonal prediction system of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), over South America against homogenized station data. For temperature, we find the highest prediction performances in the tropics during austral summer, where the probability that the predictions correctly discriminate different observed outcomes is 70%. In regions lying to the east of the Andes, the predictions of maximum and minimum temperature still exhibit considerable performance, while farther to the south in Chile and Argentina the temperature prediction performance is low. Generally, the prediction performance of minimum temperature is slightly lower than for maximum temperature. The prediction performance of precipitat...
4
artículo
Publicado 2019
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El desarrollo de la investigación se realizó bajo metodología de investigación del tipo descriptivo, no experimental y transversal. El cual tuvo como objetivo general: Determinar las características que existe en la Gestión de Calidad bajo el enfoque de Neuromarketing en las mypes del Sector Comercial, Rubro Boticas, del distrito de Pichanaki, 2018. El cual obtuvo los siguientes resultados: En el perfil de los representantes: El 35,71% de ellos están entre las edades de 41 a 50 años, el 57,14% son de sexo Masculino y el 50% es de Formación Técnica. Con respecto a las características de las MYPES: Su presencia es del 42,86% y de 7 a más años, en un 50% tiene de 1 a 4 colaboradores y que un 64,29% tiene diseñada su estructura organizacional. Con respecto a las características de la gestion de calidad: El 64,29% ha definido su misión, visión y valores de su empresa; el 57,1...
5
tesis de grado
Publicado 2020
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El desarrollo de la investigación se realizó bajo metodología de investigación del tipo descriptivo, no experimental y transversal. El cual tuvo como objetivo general: Determinar las características que existe en la Gestión de Calidad bajo el enfoque de Neuromarketing en las mypes del Sector Comercial, Rubro Boticas, del distrito de Pichanaki, 2018. El cual obtuvo los siguientes resultados: En el perfil de los representantes: El 35,71% de ellos están entre las edades de 41 a 50 años, el 57,14% son de sexo Masculino y el 50% es de Formación Técnica. Con respecto a las características de las MYPES: Su presencia es del 42,86% y de 7 a más años, en un 50% tiene de 1 a 4 colaboradores y que un 64,29% tiene diseñada su estructura organizacional. Con respecto a las características de la gestion de calidad: El 64,29% ha definido su misión, visión y valores de su empresa; el 57,1...
6
tesis de maestría
Publicado 2018
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La tesis tiene como objetivo evaluar cómo las estrategias motivacionales basadas en algunos principios psicopedagógicos en la enseñanza del inglés pueden mejorar la motivación y el rendimiento académico de los alumnos del séptimo ciclo de secundaria de una institución pública basada en los resultados obtenidos en las evaluaciones formativas y sumativas en el cuarto periodo del año escolar. Esta investigación experimental fue hecha en los salones de clase usando diferentes sesiones de aprendizaje de acuerdo a la unidad didáctica elaborada para el periodo 2015. Cada sesión de aprendizaje fue diseñada de acuerdo a las competencias establecidas por el Ministerio de Educación: comprensión y expresión oral, comprensión de textos escritos y producción de textos escritos. Se confirma la importancia en el uso de estrategias motivacionales apropiadas de acuerdo a las capacidades...
7
artículo
Publicado 2019
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Precipitation deficits remain a concern to the rural population in the southern Peruvian highlands and knowledge about their occurrence is lacking because of scarce data availability. For mountainous regions with sparse station networks, reanalyses can provide valuable information; however, known limitations in reproducing precipitation are aggravated due to unresolved topographical effects. In this study, we assess in a first step the representation of precipitation during the rainy season (January–February–March) in seven reanalysis data sets in comparison to a newly generated gridded precipitation data set for Peru. In a second step, we assess summer precipitation deficits in Peru during the second half of the 20th century. In the reanalyses data sets, we find biases strongly influenced by the topography of the models and low correlations for the rainy season. Thus, reanalyses do ...
8
artículo
Publicado 2023
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The rainy season is of high importance for livelihoods in the Southern Peruvian Andes (SPA), especially for agriculture, which is mainly rain fed and one of the main income sources in the region. Therefore, knowledge and predictions of the rainy season such as its onset and ending are crucial for planning purposes. However, such information is currently not readily available for the local population. Moreover, an evaluation of existing rainy season indices shows that they are not optimally suited for the SPA and may not be directly applicable in a forecasting context. Therefore, we develop a new index, named Climandes index, which is tailored to the SPA and designed to be of use for operational monitoring and forecasting purposes. Using this index, we analyse the climatology and trends of the rainy season in the SPA. We find that the rainy season starts roughly between September and Janu...
9
artículo
Publicado 2020
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In the southern Peruvian Andes, communities are highly dependent on climatic conditions due to the mainly rain-fed agriculture and the importance of glaciers and snow melt as a freshwater resource. Longer-term trends and year-to-year variability of precipitation or temperature severely affect living conditions. This study evaluates seasonal precipitation and temperature climatologies and trends in the period 1965/66–2017/18 for the southern Peruvian Andes using quality-controlled and homogenized station data and new observational gridded data. In this region, precipitation exhibits a strong annual cycle with very dry winter months and most of the precipitation falling from spring to autumn. Spatially, a northeast–southwest gradient in austral spring is observed, related to an earlier start of the rainy season in the northeastern part of the study area. Seasonal variations of maximum ...
10
objeto de conferencia
Publicado 2020
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In the southern Peruvian Andes, climatic threats such as water scarcity or frost pose major challenges for agriculture. Such events may result in severe yield losses threatening the livelihood of smallholder farmers due to missing adaptive and coping strategies. Knowledge on climate variability and change, on the current state of the climate, as well as short- to midrange predictions potentially improve the farmers’ risk management. However, such knowledge is only partly available and often does not reach rural communities. Climandes, a pilot project of the Global Framework for Climate Services, tackled these shortcomings through the enhancement of climatological observations, the production of gridded datasets using satellite and station observations, the verification of seasonal forecasts to determine their usefulness for small-scale applications, and through the establishment of com...
11
artículo
Publicado 2017
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In situ climatological observations are essential for studies related to climate trends and extreme events. However, in many regions of the globe, observational records are affected by a large number of data quality issues. Assessing and controlling the quality of such datasets is an important, often overlooked aspect of climate research. Besides analysing the measurement data, metadata are important for a comprehensive data quality assessment. However, metadata are often missing, but may partly be reconstructed by suitable actions such as station inspections. This study identifies and attributes the most important common data quality issues in Bolivian and Peruvian temperature and precipitation datasets. The same or similar errors are found in many other predominantly manned station networks worldwide. A large fraction of these issues can be traced back to measurement errors by the obse...
12
artículo
CLIMANDES is a pilot twinning project between the National Weather Services of Peru and Switzerland (SENAMHI and MeteoSwiss), developed within the Global Framework for Climate Services of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Split in two modules, CLIMANDES aims at improving education in meteorology and climatology in support of the WMO Regional Training Center in Peru, and introducing user-tailored climate services in two pilot regions in the Peruvian Andes. Four areas were prioritized in the first phase of CLIMANDES lasting from 2012 to 2015 to introduce climate services in Peru. A demand study identified the user needs of climate services and showed that climate information must be reliable, of high-quality, and precise. The information should be accessible and timely, understandable and applicable for the users’ specific needs. Second, the quality of climate data was enhance...
