The aim of this study was to compare the techniques of indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) and Enzimo inmunoensayo (ELISA) techniques for the diagnosis of Neospora caninum Dubey, Carpenter, Speer, Topper & Uggla, 1988 in alpacas from the highlands of Peru. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and concordance of IFAT were evaluated using a commercial competitive ELISA kit (cELISA - VMRD) as a reference. 1540 sera samples were collected from alpacas naturally exposed to N. caninum. The results showed good sensitivity (92.95%), high specificity (99.75%), positive predictive value of 92.90% and a negative predictive value of 99.04%. The concordance between both diagnostic techniques (IFAT and ELISA) turned out to be almost perfect (k = 0.98). It is concluded that the IFAT test has a high efficiency for the diagnosis of N. caninum in alpacas.

This study was carried out in 120 paiches (Arapaima gigas) distributed in four age groups (10 to 30, 31 to 180, 181 to 365 days and >1 year of age) from fish farms in the Peruvian Amazon to determine the prevalence and the affected organs. Eight parasite species are reported: monogeneans (Dawestrema cycloancistrium and D. cycloancistrioides), digeneans (Caballerotrema brasiliense), protozoa (Piscinodinium pillulare, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Trichodina sp), cestodes (Schizochoerus liguloides), and nematodes (Nilonema senticosum). The prevalence of parasitism was 0, 66.7, 90.0 and 66.7% for the age groups 10-30, 31-180, 181-365 days and >1 year of age, respectively.

Studies in the Amazonian species Arapaima gigas («paiche») have demonstrated the presence of Dawestrema cycloancistrium monogenean parasite in high parasite loads, mainly in stages between 180 and 365 days of age. D. cycloancistrium adheres to the gills causing a decrease in the degree of oxygenation and stress on the fish predisponing to disease presentation. This study aimed to develop a molecular diagnostic technique for D. cycloancistrium in order to aply it in the management of the fish biodiversity. For this purpose, 200 specimens of D. cycloancistrium were collected, DNA was extracted and quantified, primers were designed and a PCR was developed. The amplification of a sequence of 236 bp of the Dawestrema monogenean was obtained.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of parasites in five species of marine fish (Sarda chiliensis chiliensis [Eastern Pacific bonito], Scomber japonicus peruanus [Pacific chub mackerel], Trachurus picturatus murphyi [Chilean jack mackerel], Mugil cephalus [flathead grey mullet], and Coryphaena hippurus [common dolphinfish]) intended for human consumption. A total of 150 fish were used (30 per species) from the fishing terminals of Chorrillos and Villa María del Triunfo in the province of Lima, Peru, between January to March 2014. It was found 13 species of parasites: monogeneans (Monocotile sp), digenea (Dinurus sp), protozoa (Henneguya sp), acanthocephalan (Rhadinorhynchus sp), cestoda (Diphyllobothrium pacificum, Hepatoxylon trichiuri, Tentacularia coryphaenae, Nybelinia sp), nematoda (Anisakis simplex, Anisakis physeteris, Contracaecum sp, Proleptus sp) and arthropods ...

This study was conducted to evaluate the contamination for parasites in the frog Telmatobius jelskii, used in the preparation of extracts intended for direct human consumption in the form of beverages expended in public areas. Frogs (n=84) were taken in 21 food carts in Lime city center. Direct coproparasitological techniques and the Travassos technique were used for the detection of gastrointestinal parasites. For the detection of metazoan parasites the small and large intestine, liver, lung and bladder were revised. All frogs had parasites of at least three species, identifying the presence of two digenea: Gorgoderina attenuata (7.2%) and Gorgoderina sp (11.9%), two nematodes: Hedruris heyeri (100%) and Capillaria sp (6.0%) and two zoonotic protozoa: Cryptosporidium sp (100%) and Balantidium sp (100%). The results showed high contamination with parasites in frogs that are used in the p...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies against Neospora caninum in dairy cattle farms of the department of Lima, Peru, and the conconrdance between two diagnostic techniques used for the detection of antibodies in serum: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The study was conducted between June 2015 and December 2016 in serum samples of 3407 dairy cattle from 101 farms in Lima (Barranca, Huaura, Huaral, Canta, Lima, Huarochirí, Cañete and Yauyos). The prevalence of infection to N. caninum was 31.0% (1023/3407) by ELISA and 29.9% (1018/3407) by IFAT. The concordance between both diagnostic techniques was good (K=0.98) and statistically significant (p<0.001). Likewise, 69 of the 101 farms were positive (68.3%). The results showed that cattle from Lima dairy farms have moderate individual prevalence and ...

The aim of this study was to identify the behaviour of canine leptospirosis and its relationship with climatic seasons in the city of Lima, Peru. A retrospective study was designed analysing the results of canine sera that were evaluated with the micro-agglutination test (MAT) and its association with climatic data obtained from the National Meteorology and Hydrology System of Peru (SENAMHI) between 2014 and 2017. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate the association between positive cases to canine leptospirosis and the seasons, together with the adjustment of risk factors. The probability of presenting canine leptospirosis was higher in the spring-summer seasons compared to the autumn-winter season (p<0.05). Dogs diagnosed as positive were exposed to an air temperature of 20.6 °C and a relative humidity of 83.1%. Age, sex and place of origin showed no statistical associat...

El presente estudio se realizó en 120 paiches (Arapaima gigas) distribuidos en cuatro grupos etarios (10 a 30, 31 a 180, 181 a 365 días y >1 año de edad), procedentes de centros de cultivo de la Amazonía peruana para determinar la prevalencia de parasitismo así como los órganos afectados. Se reporta la presencia de ocho especies de parásitos, siendo monogeneos (Dawestrema cycloancistrium y D. cycloancistrioides) en branquias; protozoos (Piscinodinium pillulare, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis y Trichodina sp) en piel, aletas y branquias; digeneos (Caballerotrema brasiliense) en intestino; cestodos (Schizochoerus liguloides) en cavidad abdominal; y nematodos (Nilonema senticosum) en vejiga natatoria. La prevalencia de parasitismo global fue de 0, 66.7, 90.0 y 66.7% para los grupos etarios de 10-30, 31-180, 181-365 días y >1 año de edad, respectivamente.

Estudios realizados en la especie amazónica Arapaima gigas (“paiche”) han demostrado la presencia del parásito monogeneo Dawestrema cycloancistrium en altas cargas parasitarias, principalmente en los estadios comprendidos entre los 180 y 365 días de edad. D. cycloancistrium se adhiere principalmente a las branquias, ocasionando una disminución del grado de oxigenación y estrés en el pez, predisponiéndolo a la presentación de enfermedades. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo desarrollar una técnica de diagnóstico molecular frente a D. cycloancistrium para su aplicación como medida de control en el manejo de la biodiversidad del paiche. Se recolectaron 200 especímenes de D. cycloancistrium, realizándose la extracción de ADN, cuantificación, diseño de cebadores y elaboración del PCR. Se logró la amplificación de la secuencia 236 pb del monogeneo Dawestrema.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la presencia de parásitos en cinco especies de peces marinos (Sarda chiliensis chiliensis – bonito, Scomber japonicus peruanus – caballa, Trachurus picturatus murphyi – jurel, Mugil cephalus – lisa, y Coryphaena hippurus – perico) destinados al consumo humano. Se utilizaron 150 peces (30 por especie) procedentes de los terminales pesqueros de Chorrillos y Villa María del Triunfo en la provincia de Lima, Perú, entre enero a marzo de 2014. Se encontraron 13 especies de parásitos: monogeneos (Monocotile sp), digeneos (Dinurus sp), protozoos (Henneguya sp), acantocéfalo (Rhadinorhynchus sp), cestodos (Diphyllobothrium pacificum, Hepatoxylon trichiuri, Tentacularia coryphaenae, Nybelinia sp), nematodos (Anisakis simplex, Anisakis physeteris, Contracaecum sp, Proleptus sp) y artrópodos (Caligus sp). El 61.3% de los especímenes pre...

This study was conducted to evaluate the contamination for parasites in the frog Telmatobius jelskii, used in the preparation of extracts intended for direct human consumption in the form of beverages expended in public areas. Frogs (n=84) were taken in 21 food carts in Lime city center. Direct coproparasitological techniques and the Travassos technique were used for the detection of gastrointestinal parasites. For the detection of metazoan parasites the small and large intestine, liver, lung and bladder were revised. All frogs had parasites of at least three species, identifying the presence of two digenea: Gorgoderina attenuata (7.2%) and Gorgoderina sp (11.9%), two nematodes: Hedruris heyeri (100%) and Capillaria sp (6.0%) and two zoonotic protozoa: Cryptosporidium sp (100%) and Balantidium sp (100%). The results showed high contamination with parasites in frogs that are used in the p...

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de anticuerpos frente a Neospora caninum en bovinos de establos de la cuenca lechera del departamento de Lima, Perú, y la concordancia entre dos técnicas diagnósticas empleadas para la detección de anticuerpos en suero: ensayo de inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas (ELISA) e inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI). El estudio se realizó entre junio de 2015 y diciembre de 2016 en muestras de suero de 3407 bovinos lecheros provenientes de 101 establos de Lima (Barranca, Huaura, Huaral, Canta, Lima, Huarochirí, Cañete y Yauyos). La prevalencia de la infección a N. caninum fue de 31.0% (1023/3407) obtenida por ELISA y 29.9% (1018/3407) por IFI. La concordancia entre ambas técnicas diagnósticas fue buena (K=0.98) y estadísticamente significativa (p<0.001). Asimismo, 69 de los 101 establos resultaron positivos (68.3%). Los resultados d...

The aim of this study was to identify the behaviour of canine leptospirosis and its relationship with climatic seasons in the city of Lima, Peru. A retrospective study was designed analysing the results of canine sera that were evaluated with the micro-agglutination test (MAT) and its association with climatic data obtained from the National Meteorology and Hydrology System of Peru (SENAMHI) between 2014 and 2017. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate the association between positive cases to canine leptospirosis and the seasons, together with the adjustment of risk factors. The probability of presenting canine leptospirosis was higher in the spring-summer seasons compared to the autumn-winter season (p<0.05). Dogs diagnosed as positive were exposed to an air temperature of 20.6 °C and a relative humidity of 83.1%. Age, sex and place of origin showed no statistical associat...

La neosporosis es producida por una coccidia Neospora caninum, afecta mundialmente al sector ganadero por los abortos repetidos de un animal que causan pérdidas económicas, en este estudio se evaluó la frecuencia de infección de Neospora sp. en camélidos sudamericanos de la Sierra Central y Sur del Perú, basado en la detección de anticuerpos serológicos específicos frente a la infección, analizados por inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFAT). El estudio fue realizado en 895 alpacas y 645 llamas provenientes de Junín, Huancavelica, Cuzco y de Puno, un total de 1540 camélidos. Se consideró las variables de raza, sexo, edad, fecha de abortos, vacunación frente a Neospora caninum, etc. Se detectó que 16.17% (249/1540) de los camélidos presentaron anticuerpos frente a la infección Neospora caninum, en 20.45% (183/895) de alpacas y 10.23% (66/645) de llamas resultaron positivos a...

El presente estudio fue realizado en 385 bovinos destinados al consumo humano, los cuales se encontraban en 4 mataderos oficiales de Lima, Perú. El estudio evaluó la presencia de anticuerpos de infección frente al Toxo plasma gondii, teniendo en consideración las variables, grupo etario (de 2 a 3 años, más de 3 a 4 años y más de 4 años), sexo (hembra y macho), raza (Holstein, Brown Swiss y Mestizo/Criollo) y procedencia (mataderos ubi cados en el Norte, Sur, Oeste y Este de Lima). Los resultados demostraron que el 32.21% ± 4.67% (124/385) de bovinos presentaban reacción positiva a la presencia de anticuerpos frente al T. gondii, no encontrándose dife rencia estadística significativa entre las variables. El presente estudio evidencia la presencia de bovinos destinados al consumo humano, seroreactores al Toxoplasma gondii, parásito protozoo de importancia en Salud Pública qu...

Los autores agradecen al Fondo Nacio-nal de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico yde Innovación Tecnológica (FONDECYT-CIENCIACTIVA) por el apoyo financiero brindado al Programa de Sanidad Acuícola(Contrato 230-2015 FONDECYT) de laUPCH «Proyecto: Identificación de agentesinfecciosos en peces marinos y continentalesdel Perú del Concurso Programas de Maes-tría en Universidades Peruanas» que permi-tió los análisis y la capacitación técnica de nuestros investigadores para la ejecución del estudio.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the presence of infection antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in bovines intended for human consumption, taking into consideration the variables as factors associated with Toxoplasmosis: age group (2 to 3 years, more than 3 to 4 years and over 4 years), sex (female and male), breed (Holstein, Brown Swiss and Mestizo/Criollo) and origin (slaughterhouses located in the North, South, West and East of Lima). For this, blood was extracted from 385 bovines destined for human consumption, which were in 4 official slaughterhouses in Lima, Peru, the blood samples were analyzed using the Indirect Immunofluorescence technique (IFAT), considering animals with antibody titers as positive. equal to or greater than said 1:100 dilution. In addition, the 1:100 antibody titer was made in the positive sera. The results showed that 32.2 ± 4.7% (124/385) of cattle...

This study compiles updated information related to the sanitary aspects of bivalve mollusks and shrimp in Peru. The purpose was to determine the action needs of aquaculture health professionals, focusing on the generation of new knowledge and innovation that benefit the fishing and aquaculture sector through the training of human capital and the development of technologies for the diagnosis of diseases in aquatic animals. Likewise, the importance of health in the production of bivalve mollusks and prawns is disclosed, concluding that so far in Peru there are few investigations carried out and consequently there is not enough evidence to assess the establishment of health programs. To deal with endemic diseases in our country. The study determines that the main aquaculture production species in Peru are scallops (Argopecten purpuratus), white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), rainbow trout (...

This study provides a historical overview of fishing and aquaculture in Peru, along with information on the current situation of these activities in terms of health, production, and regulations. The aim was to determine focus areas for generating new knowledge and innovation to boost the fisheries and aquaculture sectors, including the development of human capital and technology for the diagnosis of diseases in aquatic animals. It should be noted that the rainbowtrout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) are the main fish species grown in fish farmsin Peru. However, there is only limited research regarding fish health, whether from fisheries or aquaculture.Furthermore, studies conducted on fish health are mostly isolated, resulting in insufficient evidence for decision-making, e.g., in relation to the development of fish health programs. The volumes of fishery resour...

En el mes de mayo de 2012, el Perú registró una inexplicable mortalidad de especies de pelícanos y delfines. Un aproximado de 5000 pelícanos y 877 delfines entre moribundos y muertos, fueron encontrados en la costa peruana, atribuyéndosele a este episodio como el ¨efecto pelícano¨; sin embargo, la causa del fenómeno ocurrido fue atribuido a diversos factores, como los medioambientales, a patógenos virales, a factores alimenticios y a la mano del hombre, entre otros, no llegándose a esclarecer el motivo real de la mortalidad de dichas especies. En tal sentido y con la finalidad de determinar la presencia de especies parasitarias en los animales afectados, se recolectaron 07 pelicanos (Pelecanus thagus) adultos muertos y en estado conservados ó con pocas horas de descomposición en las playas (Conchan-Campomar, Venecia y San Pedro) ubicadas en el litoral del Departamento de Lim...