The authors are grateful to the S?o Paulo Research foundation (FAPESP, Brazil): projects n? 2014/12606-3 and 2019/05043-6; GR Carvalho post-doctoral fellowship (2018/17844-0); the ?Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior?Brasil (CAPES)?: BO Gomes (88887.485030/2020-00), JS Guedes (88887.513566/2020-00) and KC Santos (88882.378385/2019-01) M.Sc. and Ph.D. Scholarships; the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil): BS Bitencourt (132297/2019-1) M.Sc. Scholarship and PED Augusto productivity grant (310839/2020-3); the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient?fico, Tecnol?gico y de Innovaci?n Tecnol?gica (FONDECYT, Peru) from the ?Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnolog?a e Innovaci?n Tecnol?gica? (CONCYTEC, Peru): project n? 409-2019-FONDECYT; the Universidad Privada del Norte (UPN, Peru): project n? 20201005. The authors are also grateful for...

The authors are grateful to the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil) for funding the project n° 2016/18052-5; to the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) for funding the project n° 401004/2014-7 and the productivity grant of P.E.D. Augusto (306557/2017-7); and to Cienciactiva for the M.L. Rojas Ph.D. scholarship (CONCYTEC, Peru; Contract 087-2016-FONDECYT), from the “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica”.

The authors are grateful to the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil) for funding the project nº 2016/18052-5; to the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) for funding the project nº 401004/2014-7; and to Cienciactiva for the M.L. Rojas Ph.D. scholarship (CONCYTEC, Peru; Contract 087-2016-FONDECYT), from the ‘‘Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica”. The authors are also grateful to the “Laboratório de Análise de Imagens” (LPV-ESALQ/USP) for the support and facilities for X-ray analysis.

The authors are grateful to the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil) for funding the project n° 2016/18052-5; to the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) for the productivity grant of P.E.D. Augusto (306557/2017-7); and to FONDECYT-CONCYTEC (Peru) for the M.L. Rojas Ph.D. scholarship (grant contract number 087-2016-FONDECYT).

The authors are grateful to the S?o Paulo Research foundation (FAPESP, Brazil) for funding the project n? 2019/05043-6 and the ME Caetano-Silva post-doctoral fellowship (2017/16977-4), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) for the PED Augusto productivity grant (306557/2017-7, 310839/2020-3), the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient?fico, Tecnol?gico y de Innovaci?n Tecnol?gica (FONDECYT, Peru) from the ?Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnolog?a e Innovaci?n Tecnol?gica? (CONCYTEC, Peru) for funding the project n? 409-2019-FONDECYT, and to the Universidad Privada del Norte (UPN, Peru) for funding the project n? 20201005.

For the first time, the ethanol as pre-treatment to the ultrasound-assisted convective drying of food was evaluated. Pre-treatments were performed by immersion of apple slices in ethanol (0-30 min). Pre-treated samples were convectively dried (50 degrees C, 1 m s(-1)), without/with ultrasound (21.77 kHz, 20.5 kW/m(3)). As results, if both technologies were considered, conventional drying time reduction reached 70 +/- 2%. From drying kinetics modelling, it was identified that ethanol pre-treatments mainly reduced the external resistance to mass transfer, while ultrasound had a greater influence on the internal one. In dried samples, as the ethanol pre-treatment time increased, the shrinkage decreased, and their rehydration capacity was greater. After rehydration, samples showed a decrease of> 85% in viscoelastic characteristics. The antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content were bet...

The authors are grateful to the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil) for funding the project nº 2016/18052-5; to the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) for funding the project nº 401004/2014-7; and to Cienciactiva for the M.L. Rojas Ph.D. scholarship (CONCYTEC, Peru; Contract 087-2016-FONDECYT), from the “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica”. The authors are also grateful to the “Laboratório de Análise de Imagens” (LPV-ESALQ/USP) for the support and facilities of X-ray analysis.

The authors are grateful to the National Council for Scientific andTechnological Development (CNPq, Brazil) for funding the project n8401004/2014–7 and Cienciactiva from the“Consejo Nacional deCiencia, Tecnología e Inovaci on Tecnol ogica”(CONCYTEC, Peru) forthe A.C. Miano (Contract 272–2015-FONDECYT) and M.L. Rojas(Contract 087–2016-FONDECYT) Ph.D. scholarships.

The authors are grateful to the Programa Nacional de Investigación Científica y Estudios Avanzados (PROCIENCIA) from the ‘‘Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica” (CONCYTEC, Peru) for funding the project n° 409-2019-FONDECYT, to the Universidad Privada del Norte (UPN, Peru) for funding the project n° 20201005, to the Săo Paulo Research foundation (FAPESP, Brazil), for funding the project n° 2019/05043-6, and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil), for funding the productivity grant of PED Augusto (310839/2020-3).

This article presents results about the potential use of ultrasound technology on the hydration and debittering process of Andean lupin grains (Lupinus albus Sweet). The hydration process was conducted conventionally and also assisted by ultrasound technology (ultrasonic water bath, 25 kHz, 41 W/L). Further than the hydration kinetics, the alkaloid content was evaluated. As results, the hydration kinetics of this grain showed a sigmoidal behavior, which was accelerated almost 40% using ultrasound. The lag phase was reduced about 13%, and the equilibrium moisture content was increased about 14%. Finally, by using ultrasound during hydration process, the alkaloid extraction was also improved, extracting 21% more compared to the conventional process. It was concluded that ultrasound technology accelerates not only the hydration process but also the extraction of alkaloids. Practical Applica...

The authors are grateful to the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil) for funding the project n° 2016/18052-5; the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) for funding the project n° 401004/2014-7 and the productivity grant of P.E.D. Augusto (306557/2017-7); Cienciactiva from the ‘‘Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica“ (CONCYTEC, Peru) for the A.C. Miano (Contract 272-2015-FONDECYT) and M.L.Rojas (Contract 087-2016-FONDECYT) Ph.D. scholarships.

The authors are grateful to the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) for funding the project no 401004/2014–7 and M.T.K. Kubo PhD scholarship (233347/2014-3), and Cienciactiva from the “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Inovación Tecnológica” (CONCYTEC, Peru) for the M.L.Rojas PhD scholarship (Contract 087-2016-FONDECYT).

The authors are grateful to the Laboratory of Process Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, and to Cienciactiva for the M.L. Rojas Ph.D. (CONCYTEC, Peru; Contract 087-2016-FONDECYT) scholarship from ‘‘Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica.”

The authors are grateful to the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil) for funding the project n° 2014/16998-3 and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) for funding the project n° 401004/2014-7. The authors are also grateful to Cienciactiva for the A.C. Miano Ph.D. (CONCYTEC, Peru; Contract 272-2015-FONDECYT) and M.L. Rojas Ph.D. (CONCYTEC, Peru; Contract 087-2016-FONDECYT) scholarships, from the “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Inovación Tecnológica”.

The coffee industry, coffee shops and restaurants are in constant expansion and growth. Consequently, large amounts of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) are generated, which are solid coffee residues obtained after the ground coffee leaching process. This residue can be reused because of its compounds as phenolics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extraction time (30-90 min) assisted by ultrasound (45kHz and 50 W), liquid-solid ratio (10-40 ml/g) and ethanol concentration (20-93.8%) in the total phenolic compounds (CFT) content expressed as mg gallic acid/g SCG dry matter. Surface response methodology (MSR) was used, as an efficient technique that minimizes the number of experiments, through the central rotational compound design (DCCR) to determine the effect of these 3 factors and to perform the optimization of the extraction process conditions of total phenoli...

The coffee industry, coffee shops and restaurants are in constant expansion and growth. Consequently, large amounts of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) are generated, which are solid coffee residues obtained after the ground coffee leaching process. This residue can be reused because of its compounds as phenolics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extraction time (30-90 min) assisted by ultrasound (45kHz and 50 W), liquid-solid ratio (10-40 ml/g) and ethanol concentration (20-93.8%) in the total phenolic compounds (CFT) content expressed as mg gallic acid/g SCG dry matter. Surface response methodology (MSR) was used, as an efficient technique that minimizes the number of experiments, through the central rotational compound design (DCCR) to determine the effect of these 3 factors and to perform the optimization of the extraction process conditions of total phenoli...

The coffee industry, coffee shops and restaurants are in constant expansion and growth. Consequently, large amounts of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) are generated, which are solid coffee residues obtained after the ground coffee leaching process. This residue can be reused because of its compounds as phenolics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extraction time (30-90 min) assisted by ultrasound (45kHz and 50 W), liquid-solid ratio (10-40 ml/g) and ethanol concentration (20-93.8%) in the total phenolic compounds (CFT) content expressed as mg gallic acid/g SCG dry matter. Surface response methodology (MSR) was used, as an efficient technique that minimizes the number of experiments, through the central rotational compound design (DCCR) to determine the effect of these 3 factors and to perform the optimization of the extraction process conditions of total phenoli...

The coffee industry, coffee shops and restaurants are in constant expansion and growth. Consequently, large amounts of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) are generated, which are solid coffee residues obtained after the ground coffee leaching process. This residue can be reused because of its compounds as phenolics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extraction time (30-90 min) assisted by ultrasound (45kHz and 50 W), liquid-solid ratio (10-40 ml/g) and ethanol concentration (20-93.8%) in the total phenolic compounds (CFT) content expressed as mg gallic acid/g SCG dry matter. Surface response methodology (MSR) was used, as an efficient technique that minimizes the number of experiments, through the central rotational compound design (DCCR) to determine the effect of these 3 factors and to perform the optimization of the extraction process conditions of total phenoli...

ABSTRACT In this work the effects of pre-drying and frying time on colour, oil, texture and sensorial acceptability (overall liking) of potato chips were evaluated. Potato chips were pre-dried for 0, 10, 20 and 30 min at 60 °C and fried in soybean oil at 190 °C for 60, 70 and 80 s. The colour parameters (L*, a* and b*) increased or decreased depending on the pre-drying and frying time. Hardness increased as the pre-drying and frying time increased. On the other hand, the water initially removed by pre-drying decrease the gradient of mass transfer (water–oil). The oil content reduced to (about 21%) in pre-dried samples when compared to control sample. Finally, sensorial evaluation showed that samples without pre-drying and/or fried for very short or very long times had low acceptance levels. The pre-drying and frying times influenced the colour, texture, water and oil content, and res...

The authors are grateful to Cienciactiva for the M.L. Rojas Ph.D. (CONCYTEC, Peru; Contract 087-2016-FONDECYT) scholarship, from the ‘‘Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Inovación Tecnológica”.