El Congreso Anfictiónico de Panamá de 1826, impulsado por Simón Bolívar, constituyó el primer esfuerzo concreto por establecer una confederación de repúblicas hispanoamericanas, con el fin de garantizar la independencia, la defensa común y la unidad continental. El artículo revisa los antecedentes ideológicos que inspiraron el proyecto, las propuestas plasmadas en la Carta de Jamaica, el proceso de convocatoria, la participación de los Estados y observadores, así como la agenda diplomática y militar discutida en el congreso. Aunque las tensiones internas, los conflictos territoriales y los intereses particulares impidieron su consolidación, el congreso dejó un legado histórico que alimentó posteriores iniciativas integradoras. A dos siglos de distancia, la experiencia de Panamá sigue siendo un referente fundamental en el debate sobre la integración regional y el destin...

The study consists of the treatment of the pumping water of fish flour industry. The addition oí microorganisms in presence of ferric sulphate is managed to destabilize the system, obtainig that a watery solution "drains" towards the inferior part, floating solid free water particles. This behavior probably is due to the destruction of the substances that are in the different interphases when they are consumed by the microorganisms. The ferric sulfato, besides to give average acid for the reproduction of the microorganisms also contributes positive charges to the system which interacts with the acuatic system.

We report the case of a 72-years-old woman who complains fever, headache, malaise and weakness, with a history of tooth extraction five days before the onset of this symptoms. On laboratory samples, Actinomyces israelii was isolated from her blood culture. We suggest that, although bacteremia caused by this organism is uncommon, it should be take in account, specially in febrile patients who were underwent an odontologic procedure.

Based on 100 fatal cases of coma, in which autopsy was performed in 88 of them, we can say that the irreversible coma is characterized by fixed pupils, inert to strong light stimulus, absent corneal reflexes, absence of reflex response to stimulation of upper and lower airway, absence of labyrinthine reflexes, respiratory irregularities and progressive decrease in blood pressure.

Retrospective study of 100 patients with diagnosis of typhoid fever by Salmonella typhi isolation. Main diagnostic procedure was bone marrow culture with 90% positivity. Hepatic involvement occurred in 85% patients, 67 without jaundice and 18 with jaundice. Fifty patients without jaundice had liver biopsy: 50% showed finding compatible with granulomatous hepatitis and 50% with reactional hepatitis. Response to antibiotics was similar in both patients with and without liver involvement.

El presente estudio evalúa el impacto de la mejora de la nutrición en 175 alpacas de ambos sexos y diferentes edades planteadas intensamente durante un período de dos meses en una estación de cuarentena en Tacna, Perú. Los animales, traídos de la puna alta, fueron alimentados con heno de alfalfa y un concentrado comercial para ganado lechero. Al final de la cuarentena, los pesos en hembras habían aumentado entre 3,3 y 7 kg y los machos entre 4.4 hasta 6.6 kg, mientras que entre razas, la raza Suri registro mayores aumentos de peso que la raza Huacaya. Este notable aumento en el peso corporal durante solo 60 días muestra una rápida recuperación física de los animales en las condiciones de producción intensiva.

The objective of this study was to determine the coproprevalence of Equinococcus granulosus in dogs of the rural district of San José de Quero, located in the province of Concepción, Junín region, central Peru. The cross-sectional study was carried out in 2015 in all three annexes of the district. Faecal samples were collected from 152 dogs from the same number of randomly selected households and processed using the Echinococcus granulosus-specific ELISA technique. The 50% of samples (Usibamba 61.0%, Chaquicocha 51.0% and San José de Quero 41.9%) were positive to the parasite. Likewise, it was determined that the average number of dogs per house was 2.3, 40.9% of the owners feed the dogs with fresh viscera of slaughtered cattle, the proportion of dogs that defecate outside the house was 91.3%, and that 18.4% reported having had a family member with a hydatid cyst. It is concluded tha...

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la infusión de manzanilla en el agua de bebida sobre el rendimiento productivo y supervivencia de la codorniz ponedora (Coturnix japonica). Se utilizaron 270 codornices de 20 semanas de edad, distribuidas en tres grupos: control (agua sin manzanilla), tratamiento intermitente (agua con manzanilla cada dos semanas) y tratamiento permanente (agua con manzanilla durante todo el experimento). El estudio duró 30 semanas. Los resultados mostraron que el agua de bebida con infusión de manzanilla suministrada de manera intermitente o permanente mejora la masa del huevo, el porcentaje de postura y la conversión alimenticia de la codorniz sin afectar el peso del huevo y el consumo de alimento. El suministro de manzanilla en el agua de bebida disminuyó la mortalidad de la codorniz, así como la ocurrencia de prolapso oviductal.

Eleven case parietal brain tumors described location and especially the perceptual disturbances clinical analyzes. Histological examination revealed that it was three glioblastomas three tuberculomas two metastatic carcinomas, one oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma and meningioma. There was correlation between the hand and the extent of injury to, comparable to the findings of prior disclosures in cases of vascular and traumatic nature clinical manifestations. A review of the physiology and the semiology of the parietal lobes of the brain is done.

Neuropathology, neurosurgery and neurology: After briefly reviewing the current trends in the training of specialists, the essential requirements to become an institution to start a medical residency program, especially in relation to the three fundamental neurological disciplines are described. Then the characteristics of the currently teaching hospitals affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine of the University of San Marcos are discussed, pointing out the deficiencies is urgent to repay, and the changes in organization and equipment to be set before opening the residency program. Finally, a project is presented for neurological residences, using the personnel, facilities and equipment currently available in the Dos de Mayo, Loayza, Child, Santo Toribio and Larco Herrera hospitals.

After briefly reviewing the requirements that hospitals must have programs to organize psychiatric residencies , the current state of psychiatric units Lima described the light of a survey taking into account the data of the Statistics Departments of the various nosocomios , responses to a questionnaire answered the caring staff from each service, and direct observations made ​​by the author . Given the deficiencies , training plan , to be carried out over a period of three to five years , in order to give sufficient knowledge and experience, according to current trends , for adequate preparation of psychiatrists proposed to enable the candidate to be able to pass a capacity of two stages: basic science and clinical psychiatry. Once passed exams to graduate be conferred the title of Specialist in Psychiatry .

In order to improve teaching , both student and professional level . the creation of the Neurological Unit of the Faculty of Medicine is proposed. This section shall consist of a group of teachers dedicated to neuroscience , evelop in various teaching hospitals of the Faculty, and assume educational , welfare and research responsibilities. With regard to education, the unit will assume full responsibility for the following Courses : neuroanatomy , neurophysiology , neuropathology , Neurosemiología , Nosography Neurological Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery . Teaching is conducted in the various years of study, from 19 to 69 . Later the unit will organize teaching and residences , according to the Graduate School , Neurological three specialties : Neuropathology , Neurology and Neurosurgery . In relation to those services, the unit will operate initially in the Dos de Mayo (San Luis Sa...

The results of research conducted over ten years at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases on 383 consecutive patients suffering from carcinoma broncocónico are presented. Most of these patients were personally examined by the author, or by members of the Department of Neurosurgery, in order to estimate the frequency of neurological manifestations of the disease. The clinical examination was supplemented with auxiliary procedures , aimed at diagnosis of lung injury , and disturbances of the central nervous system or peripheral . As for the latter methods , neuroradiological techniques were used . electrographic , clinical and pathological ( cerebrospinal fluid) , neurosurgery (craniotomy , laminectomy) and neuropathological ( freeze biopsies , post- mortem examination ) whenever it was possible , but the predominant clinico- neurolóqíco study. since many patients could not be s...

The present work aimed to determine the presence of seropositivity to Caprine Lentivirosis Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) and Maedi-Visna (MV) in sheep. In total, 260 goats and 30 sheep from extensive farms from 5 sectors, and 205 goats and 81 sheep from semi-intensive farms from 5 sectors were randomly selected, in both cases from Lara state, Venezuela. An epidemiological survey and clinical evaluation were carried out on each animal and blood samples were taken for serological analysis by the competitive ELISA technique. The general seropositivity was 6.25%. In the extensive flocks, three goats (1.46%) and three sheep (3.70%) were seropositive and in the semi-intensive flocks 30 goats were positive (11.54%) and no sheep. Most of the positive animals were 2- to 3-year-old goats, except for 1 month old kid. Of the seropositive animals, eight goats (22.2%) presented clinical signs and the r...

The first results of a test with some acute psychotic azacyclonol react are presented in this communication. The azacyclonol is one of the most recent treatment of psychosis drugs. Has an action on the central nervous system, probably by inhibiting serotonin and therefore produces similar effects to reserpine and chlorpromazine. The main activity is to override the clinical and bio-electrical disturbances produced by alucinóqenos drugs (LSD and mescaline). In various toxic psychosis and acute schizophrenic reactions has done away with mental disorders, sometimes in an extremely short time. Certain psychotic reactions have been referred during the first intravenous injection of the preparation. In this work, the first thing you do in the country, azacyclonol used intravenously and orally in 11 cases, 5, suffered from paranoid schizophrenia, paranoid psychosis 3, 2 and 1 toxic psychosis o...

Until 1870, endemic in certain localities in the Peruvian Andes intrigued doctors, both Peruvian and foreign. Your ertiología uncertain; its peculiar clinical features, especially red rash, bleeding, tumors consecutively to a incosntante irregular febrile period; their geographical distribution, Limira certain perfectly certain mountain areas; various popular legends concerning its epidemiology; all contributed to the Peruvian Wart considered as mysterious, intangible disease.

Funeral of Dr. Julian Arce. Funeral Doctor Belisario Sosa. Funeral of Dr. Ramon E. Ribeyro. Funeral of Dr. Estanislao Pardo Figueroa.

First Test Contest Bacteriology.

Second Test Contest Bacteriology.

The concept of the pathogenic role of the bacterium coli wins - since the first description of the germ to make Escherich - a series of vicissitudes. Sometimes exaggerated, denied others, has been the emphasis desmedrandose regular guest of this organism and, between us, hardly gives any pathogenicity. In recent years I have had the opportunity to test the pathogenic action of the colon bacillus in various abnormal states, in terms that deserve attention.