A study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary electrolyte balance (BED) on the productive performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites of guinea pig in an experimental farm in Cajamarca, Peru. In total, 150 male guinea pigs distributed in five treatments with five levels of BED: 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mEq/kg. Each treatment had six repetitions and each repetition with five guinea pigs/pen. The guinea pigs consumed concentrated feed for 42 days. At the end of the experimental period, six guinea pigs per treatment were slaughtered to determine the carcass yield, relative weights of the viscera and concentration of blood metabolites. Differences (p<0.05) were found in final body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion index in favour of guinea pigs with BED of 300 mEq/kg. There were no significant differences between treatments in carcass characteris...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adding garlic, cranberry or turmeric as a replacement for bacitracin in turkey diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, lipid content and antioxidant status of meat. In total, 500 male Hybrid Converter turkeys were used from 42 to 98 days of age. The birds were assigned to five dietary treatments (5 repetitions per treatment and 10 birds for repetition) and fed isocaloric and isonitrogenated diets. In the control group no additive ingredients were added, while the experimental groups consumed diets with 0.05% zinc bacitracin, 1% garlic powder, 1% cranberry powder or 1% turmeric powder. The additives had no effect on growth performance and carcass yield, while turkeys fed diets containing garlic, blueberry, and turmeric showed lower abdominal fat weight, lower cholesterol content, and lower lipid oxidation of meat in compar...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of nutritional supplementation of the onion bulb (Allium cepa) on the productive performance of the turkey, internal organ weight and oxidative stability of the meat. In total, 200 male Hybrid Converter turkeys from 42 to 98 days of age were assigned to four dietary treatments (five repetitions per treatment and 10 birds per repetition). All turkeys received the same concentrate feed, varying the levels of supplementation with chopped fresh onion (0, 1, 3 and 5% in relation to the weekly body weight). The fresh supplemented onion produced greater body weight gain, being the level of 1% sufficient to generate a better feed conversion index. The onion bulb did not improve carcass performance or heart, liver, spleen, gizzard, or abdominal fat weights; however, the best antioxidant capacity of fresh onion was found on turk...

The effectiveness of feed access time and alfalfa supplementation in finishing commercial turkeys and under natural hypobaric conditions was studied. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to assess the main effects of time of access to feed (12 and 24 h/d) and supplementation with alfalfa (0 and 1% of body weight). Additionally, the sex factor was considered to analyse the data of carcass characteristics, cardiac indices and haematological parameters. A total of 256 70-day-old Hybrid Converter turkeys were assigned to four treatments, each with four replications (8 males and 8 females in mixed-flock). All birds received the same diets for the first 70 days of age. The treatments were 12h/d-0%, 12h/d-1%, 24h/d-0% and 24h/d-1%. At 91 days of age the birds were slaughtered. No interactions or differences were observed in the main effects for feed intake, but there was a grea...

The experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of five dietary levels of threonine (Thr) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and gastrointestinal (GIT) and visceral tract development of fattening guinea pigs. In total, 40 improved 30-day-old male guinea pigs were randomly distributed in five treatments with four repetitions in a completely random design and slaughtered at 72 days of age. The diet consisted of restricted concentrated feed and green forage ad libitum. Thr supplementation was performed with L-Treonine 98.5% (L-Thr) at levels of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg of feed, to obtain levels of 0.55, 0.59, 0.63, 0.67 and 0.71% of Thr. Guinea pigs with 0.63% dietary Thr achieved greater weight gains, better feed conversion and higher carcass performance. The GIT with possible immunological functions reached a higher relative weight with levels of 0.67 and 0.71% of Thr. The relative...

The study aimed to determine the effect of flaxseed in the diet of fattening turkeys on growth, carcass performance, haematological parameters and lipid metabolites. In total, 160 male Hybrid Converter turkeys of 42 days of age and body weight of 2.41 + 0.13 kg were randomly distributed in 4 treatments, each one with 4 repetitions of 10 birds. The turkeys received diets with 0% (control diet), 5, 10 and 15% raw flaxseed without grinding. Turkeys of the 10% treatment, in the phase from 43 to 91 days of age, obtained greater body weight gain and better feed conversion. Turkey carcass yield decreased with 15% flaxseed in the diet; however, the carcass contained less abdominal fat compared to the 0, 5 and 10% treatments. Treatment with 15% reduced serum cholesterol and flaxseed cholesterol at any level (5, 10, and 15%) can reduce serum triglycerides.

  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of marigold flower (Tagetes erecta) and turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) as sources of carotenoids on the productive performance of dual-purpose chicken and carcass characteristics. In total, 120 chickens of both sexes from 84 to 112 days of age were assigned to six treatments (five repetitions per treatment and four birds per repetition), under factorial arrangement with two factors: sex (males and females) and sources of carotenoids (control, marigold and turmeric). All birds received the same concentrated feed, and the differences were the sources of carotenoids. Marigold flower and turmeric rhizome did not improve the productive performance of chickens, nor did they generate adverse effects on growth. Turmeric produced a greater reddish hue in the carcass than marigold; however, the marigold flower caused greater yellowing of the b...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of fattening and slaughter of creole horses and mares of 10-11 years of age, finished on grazing and slaughtered after six weeks of fattening. Ten horses and 10 mares were used. The productive performance was not affected by the sex of the animal. Average daily weight gain (0.628 and 0.678 kg), dry matter intake (6.91 and 6.95 kg), feed conversion (11.4 and 11.3), carcass yield (47.6 and 44.9%) and meat yield (37.4 and 37.9%), was obtained in males and females, respectively.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of five levels of inclusion (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%) of a commercial premix of vitamins and trace minerals in the feed on the productive parameters of fattening guinea pigs from 3 to 6 weeks (post-weaning phase) and from 7 to 10 weeks (pre-slaughter phase). Sixty 14-day-old male guinea pigs of the Peru breed were randomly assigned to 20 pens and 5 treatments, under a completely randomized experimental design. The guinea pigs were fed ad libitum with the concentrate and with restricted green forage for eight weeks. In the post-weaning phase, the treatment with 0.1% premix achieved higher body weight, weight gain and feed conversion rate, while there were no differences between treatments in the pre-slaughter phase. The treatment with 0.4% of the premix caused a higher liver weight in the guinea pigs. It is concluded that fattening guine...

The aim of this study was to evaluate five levels of substitution of the finishing feed with yellow corn in the diet of Creole chickens and their effect on productive performance. In total, 96 improved 70-day-old male Creole chickens were randomly distributed in 6 treatments, each with 4 replicates of 4 birds. The chickens received diets with 0 (control diet), 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% yellow corn in substitution of the finisher feed. The chickens of the 0, 20 and 40% treatments, in the phase of 70 to 112 days of age, obtained higher body weight gain and better feed conversion. Chicken carcass yield decreased with 40, 60, 80, and 100% substitution with yellow corn in the diet. The carcass contained less abdominal fat and liver weight with the 0, 20 and 40% treatments. In conclusion, the finishing feed for Creole chickens could be substituted up to 40% by yellow corn without affecting body ...

The effect of replacing ground corn with whole grain corn in the finishing phase of the commercial Hybrid Converter turkey was evaluated. A total of male turkeys from 11 to 13 weeks of age were used. Five levels of inclusion of whole corn were evaluated: 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The final weight of the turkeys, body weight gain and the feed conversion rate were not influenced by the levels of inclusion of whole corn, but feed intake was reduced as the turkey consumed higher proportions of whole grain. Likewise, the whole grain at levels of 50, 75 and 100% caused enlargement of the gizzard and liver and decrease in the relative weight of the turkey carcass.

The aim of this study was to estimate the apparent metabolizable energy content and digestion coefficients of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seed in turkeys of 5 and 10 weeks of age. Four diets were evaluated: starter basal (BI), BI +20% quinoa (BIQ), finisher basal (BF) and BF + 20% quinoa (BFQ) in two periods. In the first period, 12 Hybrid Converter male turkeys (initial weight = 601.2 g; age = 21 d) distributed in two dietary treatments (BI and BIQ) with 3 repetitions of 2 turkeys (2 birds per metabolic cage) were used. At 33, 34 and 35 days of age, consumption and excreta were controlled. In the second evaluation, 6 male turkeys from the original flock of 400 birds were used (weight = 3825.3 g; age = 56 d) and distributed in two dietary treatments (BF and BFQ) with 3 repetitions of 1 turkey each. At 68, 69 and 70 days of age, consumption and excreta were controlled. In the 5-week phase...

Se evaluó el efecto de cuatro edades de cosecha (90, 120, 150 y 180 días) sobre el rendimiento de biomasa aérea y composición química de la colza, así como su uso como suplemento henificado para vacas lecheras en pastoreo a 3279 msnm. El rendimiento forrajero y la composición química se evalúo en 16 parcelas, 4 por tratamiento, de acuerdo con un diseño de bloques completos al azar. La biomasa de colza cosechada fue henificada y picada a 1 cm de longitud, suministrada diariamente a razón de 3 kg por vaca. Dieciséis vacas Holstein cruzadas y multíparas se distribuyeron en cuatro tratamientos que consistieron en henos elaborados de acuerdo con la edad de cosecha. La producción de leche por vaca se registró durante seis semanas. Los sólidos totales, grasa, proteína y lactosa se determinaron en la última semana del estudio. A medida que la edad de la colza fue mayor se incre...

The effect of three sources of lipids in the diet of fattening turkeys from the Hybrid Converter line on growth, carcass weight and blood metabolites were evaluated. A total of 90 43-day-old male turkeys were randomly distributed into 3 treatments, with 5 repetitions and 6 birds per group. The turkeys received isonutritional diets supplemented with Cajamarca Creole lard (MCCC), soybean oil (AS) or palm oil (AP). Turkeys aged 43 to 70 days with MCCC and AP had better body weight gain, lower feed consumption and better feed conversion (p<0.05) than those with the AS treatment; However, there were no differences between treatments during the finishing phase (71-98 days) nor in the total fattening period (43-98 days). The carcass weight in MCCC and AS was greater than in AP, in addition, they reduced (p<0.05) the relative weight of the liver and the percentage of abdominal fat compared...

A study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary electrolyte balance (BED) on the productive performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites of guinea pig in an experimental farm in Cajamarca, Peru. In total, 150 male guinea pigs distributed in five treatments with five levels of BED: 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mEq/kg. Each treatment had six repetitions and each repetition with five guinea pigs/pen. The guinea pigs consumed concentrated feed for 42 days. At the end of the experimental period, six guinea pigs per treatment were slaughtered to determine the carcass yield, relative weights of the viscera and concentration of blood metabolites. Differences (p<0.05) were found in final body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion index in favour of guinea pigs with BED of 300 mEq/kg. There were no significant differences between treatments in carcass characteris...

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of vitamin C in the diet of turkeys reared in a natural hypoxic environment (high Andean zone of Peru, 2750 masl), on productive performance, hematological values, stress status and immune function. One-day-old Hybrid Converter turkeys were assigned to 5 groups of 5 replicates. The birds of the 5 groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control group), 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg of vitamin C for 91 days. Vitamin C decreased heterophile / lymphocyte levels (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, vitamin C at a level greater than or equal to 1000 mg / kg decreased bird mortality (p < 0.05), reduced the stress indicator (p < 0.05), increased the antibody titer (p < 0.05), but did not improve growth parameters (p > 0.05). Consequently, dietary supplementation with vitamin C could regulate productive per...

This study examined the growth, carcass characteristics, weight of internal organs, meat quality and meat proximate composition in six genotypes of chickens reared in Andean region of northern Peruvian, with intensive system, using 600 chickens one-day-old, divided in to six equally sized groups. The comparison included two Creole chicken breeds from Peru, improved and pure, and four imported chicken strains (Hubbard Red, Hubbard White, Native French, and Babcock). The animals were fed without restriction and slaughtered 13 weeks of age. Chickens of the imported strains, especially Hubbard chickens were heavier at slaughter than creoles breeds. Proportions of cuts: thigh, drumstick and head were similar among genotypes, carcass yield, breast meat and abdominal fat were lowest in the Creole breed and Native French. There were no statistical differences (p > 0.05) for meat pH, drip loss...

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of vitamin C in the diet of turkeys reared in a natural hypoxic environment (high Andean zone of Peru, 2750 masl), on productive performance, hematological values, stress status and immune function. One-day-old Hybrid Converter turkeys were assigned to 5 groups of 5 replicates. The birds of the 5 groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control group), 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg of vitamin C for 91 days. Vitamin C decreased heterophile / lymphocyte levels (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, vitamin C at a level greater than or equal to 1000 mg / kg decreased bird mortality (p < 0.05), reduced the stress indicator (p < 0.05), increased the antibody titer (p < 0.05), but did not improve growth parameters (p > 0.05). Consequently, dietary supplementation with vitamin C could regulate productive per...

This study examined the growth, carcass characteristics, weight of internal organs, meat quality and meat proximate composition in six genotypes of chickens reared in Andean region of northern Peruvian, with intensive system, using 600 chickens one-day-old, divided in to six equally sized groups. The comparison included two Creole chicken breeds from Peru, improved and pure, and four imported chicken strains (Hubbard Red, Hubbard White, Native French, and Babcock). The animals were fed without restriction and slaughtered 13 weeks of age. Chickens of the imported strains, especially Hubbard chickens were heavier at slaughter than creoles breeds. Proportions of cuts: thigh, drumstick and head were similar among genotypes, carcass yield, breast meat and abdominal fat were lowest in the Creole breed and Native French. There were no statistical differences (p > 0.05) for meat pH, drip loss...

The present investigation studies interpersonal relationships and work performance in workers of three state-owned radio and television companies in Metropolitan Lima, the sample consisted of 90 workers (44% male and 56% female). For the data collection, the Labor Performance Behavior Questionnaire and the Scale of Affective Interpersonal Relationships at Work (SRIT) were used, it was identified through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic that the data collected presented non-parametric characteristics so that Analysis of results was done using the Rho statistic of Spearman d U of Man Whitney and the statistician Kruskal-Wallis. The results indicated that there is no significant correlation between the interpersonal affective relationships and work performance, a more thorough analysis of its components yields a moderate relationship between them. Likewise, the comparison between affective ...