Problem: The mass media often reports cases of school violence expressed as bullying and less frequently as cyberbullying. Objectives: To determine cyberbullying characteristics in public and private school children from two Lima districts as well as factors associated with electronic aggression. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; and Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brasil. Participants: Elementary and high school students. Methods: Cross-sectional survey in 2596 5th grade of elementary school to 5th grade of high school students from two private and six public schools. The Rosario Ortega measuring instrument was modified and validated with Cronbach test (0.872). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee and school principals. It also received the assent of participants and was respectful of ethical cons...

Very low birth weight infants are below 1 500 g, have very immature organs, peculiar physiology, high morbidity and mortality and frequent sequelae. They need special nutrition and care. Along neurological problems they present chronic pulmonary disease, language delay, growth retardation, strabismus, deafness, attention deficit, herniae and sudden death syndrome diagnosed in the follow up.

Very low birth weight infants are below 1 500 g, have very immature organs, peculiar physiology, high morbidity and mortality and frequent sequelae. They need special nutrition and care. Along neurological problems they present chronic pulmonary disease, language delay, growth retardation, strabismus, deafness, attention deficit, herniae and sudden death syndrome diagnosed in the follow up.

Objective: To identify severe bullying risk factors in three highland Peruvian zones private school students. Design: Survey type study. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Participants: Fifth elementary school to fifth high school private school students. Interventions: A survey validated in previous studies to identify school violence (bullying) was applied to 736 students from Ayacucho, Huancavelica and Cusco (Sicuani) private schools between fifth year of elementary school and fifth year of high school. We considered severe bullying when they answered positively five or more of the nine questions referring to types of bullying. We compared 37 students with severe bullying and 74 students randomly selected from the group not having bullying. With bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analysis we identified factors signi...

Between July and December 1981 they were treated 202 preterm infants (P) and 105 newborns with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), with incidences 2 0.7 and 1.4 per 1000 live births, respectively. The baby's mother with primigravida RCJU and tended to be slightly younger, had better pre-natal period shorter internatal control. They were important precedents in both groups, abortion, cesarean section (15%) and urinary tract infection. They noted as complications of pregnancy hypertension, anemia and urinary tract infection. In prematurity, they were also determining twinning and rupture of membranes. There was high incidence of dystocia in both groups, mainly cesarean: 29% P and 44% in IUGR. The Apgar was lower in P, where perinatal mortality 178 per thousand in P and 85 per thousand in IUGR. 7 .6 percent of babies with IUGR had congenital malformations. The findings are discussed and...

Between July and December 1981 they were treated 202 preterm infants (P) and 105 newborns with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), with incidences 2 0.7 and 1.4 per 1000 live births, respectively. The baby's mother with primigravida RCJU and tended to be slightly younger, had better pre-natal period shorter internatal control. They were important precedents in both groups, abortion, cesarean section (15%) and urinary tract infection. They noted as complications of pregnancy hypertension, anemia and urinary tract infection. In prematurity, they were also determining twinning and rupture of membranes. There was high incidence of dystocia in both groups, mainly cesarean: 29% P and 44% in IUGR. The Apgar was lower in P, where perinatal mortality 178 per thousand in P and 85 per thousand in IUGR. 7 .6 percent of babies with IUGR had congenital malformations. The findings are discussed and...

Objective: To assess the perception of medical graduates in regards to their training in medical interview, physician-patient relationship and communication skills. Materials and Methods: Applicants to a 2005-residency post at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos participated in the study. The questionnaire was designed adapting three instruments. Validity and reliability studies were carried out. Results: A total of 917 graduates completed the questionnaire, 59% were male; 56% between 25-29 years old; 85% responded to having had training in core clinical skill, but various deficiencies were identified: a) clinical method; b) psychosocial data gathering; c) patient´s comprehension examination; d) emotions management; e) non verbal communication. The time as limiting factor for adequate relationship/communication with the patient was identified in respondents´ comments. Conclusi...

La ictericia continúa siendo uno de los problemas más frecuentes y de preocupación diaria para el Pediatra. A pesar de los progresos y el conocimiento adquirido, muchos aspectos de la hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal, particularmente aquellos relacionados a los mecanismos de toxicidad al Sistema Nervioso Central y el nivel crítico de la bilirrubina sérica que requiera intervención, todavía son controversiales.

Objective. To identify factors associated to medical interview, physician-patient relationship and communication skills of medical graduates Design: Survey type study. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Participants: Medical graduates. Methods: Data base of a survey to medical graduates on their training in core clinical skills was used. Main outcome measures: Medical interview, physician patient relatioship and communication skills. Results: The data base was obtained from 917 graduates, 59 % male, 56% between 25-29 years old. A quarter was graduated from the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, one third graduated in 2003; 85% responded that they had been trained in core clinical skills. The highest score in clinical skills was related to have had training in those skills in bi and multivariate analysis and to be graduated before 2003, in multi...

Post-term pregnancy - diagnostic and epidemiological criteria, Evaluation and antepartum management, post-term pregnancy: mode of delivery, handling of the newborn.

Objetivos: Determinar las características del ciberbullying en escolares 5to y 6to de primaria de colegios estatales y particulares, de Jesús María y Pueblo Libre. Diseño: Descriptivo transversal. Institución: DA Medicina Preventiva y Salud Publica e Instituto de Ética, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM. Participantes: Alumnos de 5to y 6to de primaria. Intervenciones: En 826 alumnos de 5to y 6to de primaria, de colegios estatales y particulares, de Jesús María y Pueblo Libre, se aplicó la encuesta anónima de Rosario Ortega. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y pruebas estadísticas de asociación. Principales medidas de resultado: Características del ciberbullying en escolares. Resultados: Se comunicó ciberbullying en 24,7%, fue mayor en 6to grado y en colegios privados. La agresión por celular e internet ocurrió en 1,9%, víctimas por celular en 6,3% y por internet 12%. Ser víct...

Introduction. Violence in medical school is a frequent phenomenon but little studied in students of the first cycles. Objective. To determine the perception of bullying and stress by students of the 1st year of medicine of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), 2016. Methods. Descriptive cross - sectional study carried out in 133/160 (83%) students enrolled in 1st year of medicine school at UNMSM. A validated instrument was used. Results. The students perceived some type of violence in 95,5% (127 students), like verbal aggression in 91%, social exclusion 84,2%, physical 58,6%, bullying 84,2% and, malicious sexual conduct and harassment in 41,4%. The stress was reported in 94% of students, usually due to the demands of the studies, followed by family problems. Conclusions. The perception of violence and stress by first year students o...

OBJECTIVE. To ascertain the maternal and fetal variables that predict fetopelvic disproportion (FPD). SETTING. Hospital Nacional Docente Madre-Niño San Bartolome, Lima, Peru. DESIGN. Clinical retrospective study. Participants. Pregnant women with labor second stage arrest and birth by cesarean section. INTERVENTIONS. Retrospective study of our Perinatal Data Base from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 1999. Fetopelvic disproportion (FPD) was defined as labor arrest during 2 hours in nulliparous and 1 hour in multiparous women at the second stage of labor and delivery of the baby was by cesarean section. Logistic regression (LR) and ROC analysis were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. FPD prevalence and associated conditions. RESULTS. The prevalence of FPD was 1,28% (583/45,386). As compared with women without FPD, women with FPD significantly presented lower stature –less than 160 cm–,...

OBJECTIVE. To ascertain the maternal and fetal variables that predict fetopelvic disproportion (FPD). SETTING. Hospital Nacional Docente Madre-Niño San Bartolome, Lima, Peru. DESIGN. Clinical retrospective study. Participants. Pregnant women with labor second stage arrest and birth by cesarean section. INTERVENTIONS. Retrospective study of our Perinatal Data Base from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 1999. Fetopelvic disproportion (FPD) was defined as labor arrest during 2 hours in nulliparous and 1 hour in multiparous women at the second stage of labor and delivery of the baby was by cesarean section. Logistic regression (LR) and ROC analysis were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. FPD prevalence and associated conditions. RESULTS. The prevalence of FPD was 1,28% (583/45,386). As compared with women without FPD, women with FPD significantly presented lower stature –less than 160 cm–,...

A study was conducted in 1352 live births, 1344 deliveries have taken place in the "Edgardo Rebagliati Martins" National Hospital - IPSS - in Lima, between 1 and May 31, 1985, in order to determine the incidence of suffering acute fetal (SFA) compensated or decompensated. It detected 215 (15.90%) of SFA, 172 (12.72%) of whom belonged to group A and 43 (3.18%) in group B, having found a higher incidence of fetal distress to that reported in the literature unbalanced. Pregnancy hypertensive disease was most often related to breast pathology SFA. Cesarean section was performed in 27% of the population in distress. Caesarean section and instrumental delivery had a high incidence in the group with decompensated (55.81% and 27.91%, respectively) SFA, recording no statistically significant differences between groups and offset control. The Apgar in newborns with SFA was lower than in the contro...

OBJECTIVES: To determine pregnancy complicated by arterial hypertension pathogenic factors. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: Hospital Nacional Docente Madre-Niño San Bartolome, Lima.PARTICIPANTS: Women with pregnancies complicated by arterial hypertension. INTERVENTIONS: The hospital’s perinatal information technology system was reviewed from January 1991 through December 2006 in order to determine the prevalence of pregnancies complicated by arterial hypertension, to establish associated factors and describe its natural history. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pregnancy arterial hypertension prevalence and conditioning factors. RESULTS: Pregnancy arterial hypertension prevalence was 8,6% (8 506/98 956). Preeclampsia and eclampsia represented 95% (8 085/8 506) of these cases, preeclampsia prevalence was 8,5% and eclampsia, 0,11%. Preeclampsia and eclampsia conditioning factors we...

A study was conducted in 1352 live births, 1344 deliveries have taken place in the "Edgardo Rebagliati Martins" National Hospital - IPSS - in Lima, between 1 and May 31, 1985, in order to determine the incidence of suffering acute fetal (SFA) compensated or decompensated. It detected 215 (15.90%) of SFA, 172 (12.72%) of whom belonged to group A and 43 (3.18%) in group B, having found a higher incidence of fetal distress to that reported in the literature unbalanced. Pregnancy hypertensive disease was most often related to breast pathology SFA. Cesarean section was performed in 27% of the population in distress. Caesarean section and instrumental delivery had a high incidence in the group with decompensated (55.81% and 27.91%, respectively) SFA, recording no statistically significant differences between groups and offset control. The Apgar in newborns with SFA was lower than in the contro...

OBJECTIVES: To determine pregnancy complicated by arterial hypertension pathogenic factors. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: Hospital Nacional Docente Madre-Niño San Bartolome, Lima.PARTICIPANTS: Women with pregnancies complicated by arterial hypertension. INTERVENTIONS: The hospital’s perinatal information technology system was reviewed from January 1991 through December 2006 in order to determine the prevalence of pregnancies complicated by arterial hypertension, to establish associated factors and describe its natural history. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pregnancy arterial hypertension prevalence and conditioning factors. RESULTS: Pregnancy arterial hypertension prevalence was 8,6% (8 506/98 956). Preeclampsia and eclampsia represented 95% (8 085/8 506) of these cases, preeclampsia prevalence was 8,5% and eclampsia, 0,11%. Preeclampsia and eclampsia conditioning factors we...

Objectives: To determine cyberbullying characteristics in Jesus Maria and Pueblo Libre districts 5th and 6th grade students from state and private schools. Design: escriptive, cross sectional. Setting: Students from state and private schools. Participants: 5th and 6th grade students. Interventions: Rosario Ortega’s anonymous survey was applied in 826 5th and 6th grade students. Main outcome measures: Descriptive analysis and statistical association tests. Results: Cyberbullying was reported in 24.7% students; it was higher in 6th grade, and in private schools. Aggressors by phone and internet were 1.9%, phone victims 6.3% and internet victims 12%.Internet victims’ condition was associated with having computer at their bedrooms (p=0.019) and using Internet outdoors (p=0.000); it was higher in private schools (p=0.002) and increased to 23.1% (p=0.032) when using Internet outdoors. Male...

(LP) of dissocial behavior indicators. Such findings compel to suspect the presence of dissocial personality in that population. On the purpose to add knowledge to this problem, the present paper analyses the concept of dissocial personality and discusses the results of a pilot-study that evaluated its presence in recently admitted students to San Marcos University´s School of Medicine. In the first evaluation, it was found that 33 out of 175 students resulted positive to dissocial behavior indicators (LP: 19%). From this group, 30 showed up for a second diagnostic evaluation; 5 exceeded the cut-off point to dissocial personality and 11 showed scores very close to it, raising suspiciousness of such development. Upon these results we claim the university must accept the responsibility to continue researching this area, create early preventive-therapeutic interventions and curricula innov...