The objective of the study was to compare the level of triglycerides (TG), totalcholesterol (TC) and its fractions (VLDC-C, LDL-C and HDL-C) in blood serum of PeruvianPaso Horses (CPP) in the Lambayeque Region. Serum of 50 CPP animals (25 sedentaryand 25 active) were analyzed. TG and TC levels were determined using commercial kits,whereas HDL-C and LDL-C were determined using selective polymer precipitants (dextransulphate, Mg++). VLDL-C was calculated by subtracting HDL-C + LDL-C values from TClevels. Mean values were 25.69 mg/dl for TG, 108.71 mg/dl for TC, 66.55 mg/dl for HDL-C,21.38 mg/dl for LDL-C, and 20.78 mg/dl for VLDL-C. HDL-C serum values in active CPPanimals were statistically higher than in sedentary horses (p<0.01), whereas TG values were statistically lower in castrated horses as compared to mares (p<0.05). Sedentary horses registered lower levels of HDL-C as compare...

The aim of the study was to determine the serum oestradiol level in adult alpacas during the first post-partum mating and its effect on conception rate. It was selected 85 non-lactating female adult alpacas without calf at foot. Sexual receptive females were mated with a male of proven fertility. Blood samples were collected at mating and the level of oestradiol in serum was determined by radioimmunoassay. Conception was determined by ultrasound at 25-27 days of mating. Oestradiol values were distributed in two groups: A (<0.5 pg/mL) and B (>0.5 pg/mL), where the mean was 0.78 ± 0.39 pg/mL. Conception rate in alpacas with low oestradiol level at time of mating was 52.5% and in alpacas with high level was 66.7% without significant difference. Results indicate the lack of influence of oestradiol levels on conception rate.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el nivel sérico de estradiol en alpacas adultas al momento del primer servicio posparto y su efecto sobre la tasa de concepción. Se seleccionó 85 alpacas adultas, vacías y sin cría, y se sirvieron con machos de fertilidad comprobada, previa evaluación de conducta de receptividad frente al macho. Luego de la monta, se colectó una muestra de sangre y el nivel de estradiol en el suero se analizó por radioinmunoensayo. La concepción se determinó por ecografía a los 25-27 días poscópula. Los valores de estradiol se dividieron en dos grupos: A (<0.5 pg/mL) y B (>0.5 pg/mL), donde la media fue de 0.78 ± 0.39 pg/mL. La tasa de concepción en alpacas con bajo nivel de estradiol en el momento de la monta fue de 52.5% y en alpacas con alto nivel de estradiol (>0.5 pg/mL) fue de 66.7%, sin diferencias estadísticas; indicando la ausencia ...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar los niveles de triglicéridos (TG), colesterol total (CT) y fraccionado en caballos peruanos de paso (CPP) de la Región Lambayeque. Se analizaron sueros de 50 CPP (25 sedentarios, 25 activos). Los TG y CT se determinaron con el uso de kits comerciales, mientras que las lipoproteínas HDL-C y LDL-C se determinaron después de precipitación selectiva con polímeros precipitantes selectivos (sulfato de dextrán, Mg++). Las VLDL-C se calcularon restando al CT los valores de HDL-C + LDL-C. Los niveles promedio fueron de 25.69 mg/dl para TG, 108.71 mg/dl para CT, 66.55 mg/dl para HDL-C, 21.38 mg/dl para LDL-C, y 20.78 mg/dl para VLDLC. Los valores séricos de HDL-C en CPP activos fueron estadísticamente superiores que en los sedentarios (p<0.01), en tanto que los valores de TG fueron inferiores en caballos castrados en comparación con las ye...

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The aim of this study was to determine whether the technique of ultrasound or radiographic image diagnosis, better supports a probable diagnosis of gastrointestinal foreign body. Thirteen dogs with presumptive diagnosis of gastrointestinal obstruction were subjected to radiological tests and ultrasound evaluation. Ultrasonography showed the presence of foreign bodies in all 13 cases, while through radiology, three foreign bodies were identified and seven were suspected of foreign body obstruction due to the intestinal distension. The foreign bodies were sonographically identified by the distal acoustic shadow and various degrees of reflection produced on the surface. In addition, the thickening of the stomach and intestinal wall in some animals, and free peritoneal fluid in a patient could be observed through ultrasound images. The findings in this study suggest that ultrasound can be us...

The aim of this study was to determine whether the technique of ultrasound or radiographic image diagnosis, better supports a probable diagnosis of gastrointestinal foreign body. Thirteen dogs with presumptive diagnosis of gastrointestinal obstruction were subjected to radiological tests and ultrasound evaluation. Ultrasonography showed the presence of foreign bodies in all 13 cases, while through radiology, three foreign bodies were identified and seven were suspected of foreign body obstruction due to the intestinal distension. The foreign bodies were sonographically identified by the distal acoustic shadow and various degrees of reflection produced on the surface. In addition, the thickening of the stomach and intestinal wall in some animals, and free peritoneal fluid in a patient could be observed through ultrasound images. The findings in this study suggest that ultrasound can be us...

Los diferentes tratamientos de la demencia no han probado tener resultados clínicos que modifiquen el curso de la enfermedad o reduzcan su impacto en términos de discapacidad o mortalidad. Esta revisión señala que es factible evitar el desarrollo de la demencia a pesar que la edad sigue siendo un importante factor de riesgo no modificable. El control de factores modificables ampliamente reconocidos y ligados etiopatogénicamente pueden disminuir el número de casos de demencia. Las intervenciones multimodales enfocadas en el control de estos factores de riesgo aún tienen resultados inconsistentes. Se indica que deberían ser realizados nuevos ensayos además de aplicar el enfoque de medicina de precisión clínica que permita contar con evidencias que mejoren la toma de decisiones en salud pública para afrontar este problema.

The aim of the present study was to describe potential risk factors for canine leptospirosis infections in patients of the Small Animal Clinic at the Veterinary School, San Marcos University, Lima, through a case-control study. Data from clinical records and serological test results from 2002 to 2007 were reviewed. Forty four cases and 394 controls were enrolled into the study. Collected data included sex, size, age, season of the year, and origin, and were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. Risk factors related to the disease were: sex (male has double risk), size (bigger dogs have two times more risk) and age (risk increased with age).

El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un estudio de caso-control para evaluar factores de riesgo en la presentación de leptospirosis canina en pacientes de la Clínica de Animales Menores de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima. Se analizaron datos de las historias clínicas y resultados de análisis serológicos de los años 2002 al 2007. Se trabajó con un grupo caso (n=54) y un grupo control (n=394). Los datos se agruparon en las variables sexo, tamaño, edad, temporada del año y residencia, y se analizaron mediante la prueba de regresión logística. Los factores de riesgo asociados a la enfermedad fueron el sexo (el macho presenta el doble de riesgo que la hembra), el tamaño (los perros grandes presentan el doble de riesgo de presentar la enfermedad versus perros pequeños) y la edad (el riesgo es mayor con la edad).

The aim of this study was to compare the cardiac parameters of chest X-rays with aligned dorsoventral view with those of the rotated dorsoventral view of the same patient to determine the acceptable degree of rotation for these views. Fifty-three rotated dorsoventral plates from 32 canine patients were used and the parameters compared of those plates with their respective control samples or aligned dorsoventral plates. To do this, the clockface analogy test and the cardio-thoracic ratio were used and complemented with their respective right side-lateral view, allowing obtaining the angle of rotation. The results of the rotated samples were assigned to a group of 0.1º to 6º of rotation and to another group of 6º to 12º of rotation. Each cardiac chamber was evaluated with its respective control plate by the McNemar test. The group from 0.1º to 6º rotation presented a probability valu...

The aim of this study was to compare the cardiac parameters of chest X-rays with aligned dorsoventral view with those of the rotated dorsoventral view of the same patient to determine the acceptable degree of rotation for these views. Fifty-three rotated dorsoventral plates from 32 canine patients were used and the parameters compared of those plates with their respective control samples or aligned dorsoventral plates. To do this, the clockface analogy test and the cardio-thoracic ratio were used and complemented with their respective right side-lateral view, allowing obtaining the angle of rotation. The results of the rotated samples were assigned to a group of 0.1º to 6º of rotation and to another group of 6º to 12º of rotation. Each cardiac chamber was evaluated with its respective control plate by the McNemar test. The group from 0.1º to 6º rotation presented a probability valu...

Canid filariasis, known as Heartworm disease, is caused by a nematode named Dirofilaria immitis, which is located in the canid´s heart producing a cardiopulmonary disease and affecting others organs like liver and kidneys. Culex, Aedes and Anopheles female flies are the intermediary hosts. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of D. immitis in the San Juan de Lurigancho district, close to the Rímac river. Blood samples were taken from 107 dogs in apparently good health condition from May to June 2002. Animals were randomly chosen without regard of breed and sex, and were older than 6 months old. An enzimatic commercial ELISA test (Dirochek, Synbiotic®) was used. Six positive dogs were detected, representing a frequency of 5.5±4.7% with a 95% confidence interval. No differences due to sex and environment exposition were found. In conclusion, the frequency of diro...

The objectives of the study were to describe the radiologic findings of plain radiography in animals with suspected herniated disc and to establish coincidences with the computed tomography (CT) examination. Sixteen dogs were studied, whose neurological evaluation revealed a neurological dysfunction compatible with thoracolumbar spinal cord compression and a magnitude of injury of grade III or higher. Two patients failed to show signs of disc herniation in both tests and were withdrawn from the study. Plain radiographies identified 14 animals with radiographic abnormalities consistent with a herniated disc. In 71.4% (10/14) of these cases, the results between radiographic and CT examinations coincided in the diagnosis of the presence of the disease and location of the affected intervertebral space. The radiographic findings most common in animals suspected to herniated disc type 1 were n...

El presente trabajo es un estudio radiológico que evalúa la presencia de displasia de cadera (D.C. ó D.C.F.) en las articulaciones coxofemorales de caninos de la raza Labrador Retriever. Este estudio ha sido desarrollado según los lineamientos científicos requeridos por la Federación Cinológica Internacional (FCI) para asuntos concernientes a dicha enfermedad, que rigen en la mayoría de países, incluyendo Perú. Los ejemplares fueron evaluados en la Clínica de Animales Menores de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Se estudiaron 60 animales escogidos al azar y distribuidos en dos grupos según el sexo (30 en cada uno). Se registraron datos como sexo, edad, presencia de sintomatología clínica, color del pelaje, y ángulo de Norberg en cada articulación coxofemoral para determinar radiológicamente la presencia o ausencia de la e...

El presente trabajo es una adaptación de la técnica quirúrgica de trabeculectomía para el tratamiento del glaucoma canino. Para tal fin se utilizaron 5 caninos de distintos sexos, razas y edades, y con una historia clínica de glaucoma. Se empleó la técnica quirúrgica de trabeculectomía, la cual consiste en crear una nueva vía de drenaje del humor acuoso. Los hallazgos mostraron en todos los casos una importante disminución de la presión infraocular (P<0.01). Se demostró que la trabeculectomía es una alternativa, rápida y confiable para el tratamiento resolutivo de la presión intraocular en caninos.

Para la realización de este trabajo se utilizaron 21 caninos hembras de distintas razas y edades, con una historia clínica presuntiva de piometra, cada caso fue evaluado individualmente, demostrándose la utilidad de la ecografía como método nuevo, rápido,no lesivo y altamente confiable para el diagnóstico de esta patología, adicionalmente se tomaron muestras de sangre para hematología, y se procedió a obtener los cuernos uterinos para su evaluación macroscópica e histopatológica. También se evaluó un caso aparentemente normal, tanto clínica, hematológica, ecográfica, macroscópica y microscópicamente. Los hallazgos mostraron en todos los casos crecimiento de ambos cuernos uterinos con la presencia de contenido anecógeno y/o hipoecógeno, una pared uterina engrosada e hiperecógena en la mayoría de los casos, y superficie endometrial rugosa e hipoecógena. El caso apa...

A case of a 13 year old Siamese cat whit feline aortic thromboembolism is presented. This is a devastating complication associated to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), one of the most common heart disease in cats characterized by a significant left concentric ventricular hypertrophy.

This report shows the clinical case of a female canine patient of 1.5 molth-old diagnosed with severe patellar luxation, severe deformity of the hind limbs and inability to walk, who underwent surgical correction with satisfactory results.

This paper presents the results of two cases of prostatic omentalization conducted in two canine patients who were diagnosed with prostatic abscess. The patients were 9 and 13 years old. They presented fever, frequent urination, decay, anorexia, and abdominal pain. The ultrasound showed presence of cysts/abscesses in the prostate gland. The surgical technique was developed in a simple manner without the need of using complex equipment outside the basic surgical material. Patients recovered quickly from the surgical procedure without having post-surgery complications. It is concluded that the technique of prostatic omentalization allows the effective treatment of intra-prostatic abscesses in dogs.