The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation of essential oil of oregano on the productive parameters in weaned piglets. The study was carried out in a commercial pig farm in Ventanilla, Callao, Peru. The supplementation was for 12 days. One hundred and twenty piglets randomly allocated in 8 pens of 15 animals were distributed in two treatments: T1, control, with a pre-start diet with 18% protein, 600 ppm amoxicillin and 55 ppm carbadox; T2, diet as in T1 plus supplementation with 500 ppm of oregano essential oil (Origanum vulgare). The weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were evaluated. A lower feed intake was found in T2 (1.58 kg) compared to T1 (1.84 kg) (p <0.05). The weight gain and the feed conversion index were not affected by the treatments.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation of essential oil of oregano on the productive parameters in weaned piglets. The study was carried out in a commercial pig farm in Ventanilla, Callao, Peru. The supplementation was for 12 days. One hundred and twenty piglets randomly allocated in 8 pens of 15 animals were distributed in two treatments: T1, control, with a pre-start diet with 18% protein, 600 ppm amoxicillin and 55 ppm carbadox; T2, diet as in T1 plus supplementation with 500 ppm of oregano essential oil (Origanum vulgare). The weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were evaluated. A lower feed intake was found in T2 (1.58 kg) compared to T1 (1.84 kg) (p <0.05). The weight gain and the feed conversion index were not affected by the treatments.

Perú produce e importa de maíz amarillo (Zea mays) para su uso como un componente principal en la alimentación de cerdos. Este cereal es susceptible a la toxina ocratoxina producida por la contaminación por hongos durante el almacenamiento y la manipulación. Los cerdos son muy sensibles a la presencia de esta toxina que causa la nefropatía y la inmunosupresión, lo que resulta en pérdidas económicas importantes y que representa un peligro para la salud pública a través del consumo de carne de animales infectados o el propio cereal. Con el fin de determinar el nivel de contaminación de ocratoxina en el suministro de maíz amarillo, un total de 62 muestras al azar fueron tomados de buques (n=2), mercados (n=20) y las granjas (n=40) y se evaluó mediante la prueba de ELISA. De estas muestras, 27,42% superior al 5 ug/kg (ppb), el nivel máximo permitido en algunos países, pero ni...

The effect of four supplements with macromolecules on the rate of nuclear maturation, oocyte division at 48 h and embryo development at 7 days post-fertilization was evaluated. Ovaries were collected in the slaughterhouse; oocytes with two or more layers of cells were selected and matured on TCM-99 enriched with macromolecule supplements: Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinylalcohol (PVA), Bovine serum albumin (BSA), Foetal bovine serum (SFB). Oocytes were cultivated at 39 °C with 5% of CO2. Nuclear maturation was evaluated at 24 hours, classifying them as germinal vesicle, metaphase I, anaphasetelophase, metaphase II and degenerated. For the evaluation of the oocyte division and embryo development, oocytes were matured under the same conditions and fertilized with spermatozoa during 18 hours in KSOM-AA culture media, and then transferred to SOF culture media for 48 h. Significant diffe...

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of three cryoprotectants: Dimetil Sulfoxide (DMSO), Ethylene glycol (EG) and Glycerol (GL) on the cryopreservation of epididymal alpaca sperm. Testicles of alpacas older than 3 years were used. The epididymides were separated and the tails were dissected. The spermatozoa were recovered with fraction A of the extender (cow skim milk, egg yolk and fructose), selecting samples with sperm motility equal or higher than 50% (n=18, motility = 69%, sperm membrane functional integrity = 48%). The fraction A with the sperm was refrigerated (cooling rate of 1 ºC/5 min) until 5 ºC. The fraction was divided in three and added the same volume of fraction B with the cryoprotectant (DMSO: 7%, 0.9M; EG: 7%, 0.9M; GL: 7%, 1.2M). Then, 0.5 ml straws were filled with the final dilution and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After 7 days of storage, the post-thaw motilities w...

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of four seminal plasma dilutions on ovulation rate and corpus luteum development in alpacas. Forty four non-lactating alpacas with the presence of a >7 mm dominant follicle detected by transrectal ultrasonography were selected. The animals were randomly distributed in five experimental groups: G1 (n=10) seminal plasma (SP) diluted 1:1 (v/v) with phosphate buffered saline (PBS); G2 (n=10) SP diluted 1:2 (v/v) with PBS; G3 (n=10) SP diluted 1:4 (v/v) with PBS; G4 (n=10) SP 1:8 (v/v) with PBS; and G5 (n=4) control group with PBS. A dose of 1.5 ml of the respective solution was intramuscularly administrated. Ovulation rate and corpus luteum size were evaluated at second and ninth day respectively (D0= day of treatment) through ultrasonography. Blood samples were taken on D0, D3, D6, D9 and D12 to determine serum progesterone levels by radio...

The effect of feed supplementation and temporary weaning in 46 crossbred Bos taurus x Bos indicus cows on the resumption of post partum ovarian activity was evaluated. Animals were distributed in three treatments: T1, Control, cows without supplementation + calf at foot; T2, Feed supplementation + calf at foot and temporary weaning (48 h) at 60 days post partum; and T3, Feed supplementation + calf at foot. Supplement consisted of 3 kg/cow/day from calving till 60 days post partum. Blood samples were collected twice a week since week 3 till week 16 post partum for the determination of progesterone levels as indicator of the resumption of ovarian activity. The interval calving-first ovulation was 70.6, 56.4, and 57.8 days for cows that ovulate within the first 12 weeks after calving in groups T1, T2, and T3 respectively. The 31.3, 73.3, and 66.7% of cows in each treatment group ovulate wit...

Se evaluó el efecto de la suplementación alimenticia y el destete temporal en 46 vacas cruzadas Bos taurus x Bos indicus sobre el reinicio de la actividad ovárica postparto. Los animales fueron distribuidos al parto en tres tratamientos: T1: Control, sin suplementación y con cría al pie; T2: Suplementación + destete temporal (48 h) a los 60 días post parto; y T3: Suplementación + cría al pie. Se suplementó 3 kg de concentrado/vaca/día desde el parto hasta los 60 días post parto. Se colectó muestras de sangre dos veces por semana desde la semana 3 a la 12 postparto para determinar niveles de progesterona como indicador de reinicio de la actividad ovárica postparto. Se encontró un intervalo parto – primera ovulación de 70.6, 56.4 y 57.8 días para las vacas que ovularon dentro de las primeras 12 semanas postparto en los grupos T1, T2 y T3, respectivamente. El 31.3, 73.3 y...

Perú produce e importa de maíz amarillo (Zea mays) para su uso como un componente principal en la alimentación de cerdos. Este cereal es susceptible a la toxina ocratoxina producida por la contaminación por hongos durante el almacenamiento y la manipulación. Los cerdos son muy sensibles a la presencia de esta toxina que causa la nefropatía y la inmunosupresión, lo que resulta en pérdidas económicas importantes y que representa un peligro para la salud pública a través del consumo de carne de animales infectados o el propio cereal. Con el fin de determinar el nivel de contaminación de ocratoxina en el suministro de maíz amarillo, un total de 62 muestras al azar fueron tomados de buques (n=2), mercados (n=20) y las granjas (n=40) y se evaluó mediante la prueba de ELISA. De estas muestras, 27,42% superior al 5 ug/kg (ppb), el nivel máximo permitido en algunos países, pero ni...

The effect of four supplements with macromolecules on the rate of nuclear maturation, oocyte division at 48 h and embryo development at 7 days post-fertilization was evaluated. Ovaries were collected in the slaughterhouse; oocytes with two or more layers of cells were selected and matured on TCM-99 enriched with macromolecule supplements: Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinylalcohol (PVA), Bovine serum albumin (BSA), Foetal bovine serum (SFB). Oocytes were cultivated at 39 °C with 5% of CO2. Nuclear maturation was evaluated at 24 hours, classifying them as germinal vesicle, metaphase I, anaphasetelophase, metaphase II and degenerated. For the evaluation of the oocyte division and embryo development, oocytes were matured under the same conditions and fertilized with spermatozoa during 18 hours in KSOM-AA culture media, and then transferred to SOF culture media for 48 h. Significant diffe...

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of three cryoprotectants: Dimetil Sulfoxide (DMSO), Ethylene glycol (EG) and Glycerol (GL) on the cryopreservation of epididymal alpaca sperm. Testicles of alpacas older than 3 years were used. The epididymides were separated and the tails were dissected. The spermatozoa were recovered with fraction A of the extender (cow skim milk, egg yolk and fructose), selecting samples with sperm motility equal or higher than 50% (n=18, motility = 69%, sperm membrane functional integrity = 48%). The fraction A with the sperm was refrigerated (cooling rate of 1 ºC/5 min) until 5 ºC. The fraction was divided in three and added the same volume of fraction B with the cryoprotectant (DMSO: 7%, 0.9M; EG: 7%, 0.9M; GL: 7%, 1.2M). Then, 0.5 ml straws were filled with the final dilution and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After 7 days of storage, the post-thaw motilities w...

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of four seminal plasma dilutions on ovulation rate and corpus luteum development in alpacas. Forty four non-lactating alpacas with the presence of a >7 mm dominant follicle detected by transrectal ultrasonography were selected. The animals were randomly distributed in five experimental groups: G1 (n=10) seminal plasma (SP) diluted 1:1 (v/v) with phosphate buffered saline (PBS); G2 (n=10) SP diluted 1:2 (v/v) with PBS; G3 (n=10) SP diluted 1:4 (v/v) with PBS; G4 (n=10) SP 1:8 (v/v) with PBS; and G5 (n=4) control group with PBS. A dose of 1.5 ml of the respective solution was intramuscularly administrated. Ovulation rate and corpus luteum size were evaluated at second and ninth day respectively (D0= day of treatment) through ultrasonography. Blood samples were taken on D0, D3, D6, D9 and D12 to determine serum progesterone levels by radio...

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de cuatro diluciones de plasma seminal sobre la tasa de ovulación y formación de cuerpo lúteo en alpacas. Se seleccionaron 44 alpacas sin cría al pie y con la presencia de un folículo dominante >7 mm detectado por ecografía transrectal. Los animales se distribuyeron al azar en cinco grupos experimentales: G1, plasma seminal (PS) diluido 1:1 (v/v) con fosfato salino bufferado (PBS); G2, PS diluido 1:2 (v/v) con PBS; G3, PS diluido 1:4 (v/v) con PBS; G4, PS diluido 1:8 (v/v) con PBS; y G5, grupo control con PBS. Se aplicó 1.5 ml de la dilución correspondiente por vía intramuscular. La tasa de ovulación y el tamaño de cuerpo lúteo fueron evaluados al segundo y noveno día, respectivamente (D0= inicio de tratamiento) a través de ecografía transrectal. Muestras de sangre fueron tomadas los días D0, D3, D6, D9 y D12 para determinar...

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The effect of the cysteamine in maturation medium on the oocyte cleavage rate and the effect of culture media KSOMaa and SOF on in vitro embryo development rate at 8 days post-fertilization was evaluated. A total of 680 oocytes from cattle ovaries were randomly distributed in two treatments: T1 (n=321) maturation medium TCM-199 and T2 (n=359) maturation medium TCM-199 supplemented with 100 mM cysteamine. Oocytes were fertilized after 24 h with frozen semen from a single bull and cultured in KSOMaa for 18 h and the fertilization rate was assessed 72 h after division. In the second phase, after the first culture, both groups were cultivated using two culture media: KSOMaa and SOF until day 8 post-fertilization. The results of the first phase showed a cleavage rate of 43.6% for the control group and 46.0% for the cysteamine supplemented group, without difference between groups. In phase 2, ...

Se evaluó el efecto de la cisteamina en el medio de maduración sobre la tasa de división posfecundación y el efecto de los medios de cultivo KSOMaa y SOF sobre la tasa de desarrollo embrionario in vitro hasta los 8 días posfecundación. Se utilizaron 680 ovocitos procedentes de ovarios de hembras bovinas distribuidos al azar en dos tratamientos: T1 (n=321) medio de maduración TCM-199 y T2 (n=359) medio de maduración TCM-199 adicionado con cisteamina 100 mM. Los ovocitos fueron fecundados a las 24 h con semen congelado de un solo toro y cultivados en medio KSOMaa por 18 h, evaluándose la tasa de división 72 h después. En la segunda fase, luego del primer cultivo, ambos grupos se subdividieron en dos grupos, donde el primero se cultivó con medio KSOMaa y el segundo con medio SOF hasta el día 8 posfecundación. Los resultados de la primera fase indican una tasa de división de 4...

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of supplementing acidifiers to weaned piglets and sows on productive and health parameters. In the first assaywas used 360 weaned piglets from21 till 42 days of age, randomly distributed into three treatments: a) control group without acidifier, b) supplemented with microencapsulated acidifier, and c) supplemented with powder acidifier. In the second assay, 27 sows were used fromday 93 of gestation till end of lactation (21 days), randomly distributed into two treatments: a) control group without acidifier, and b) supplemented withmicroencapsulated acidifier. In the first assay, none statistical differences were found between treated groups on bodyweight gain fromweaning till 42 days of age (175 g/day), feed intake (357 g/day per animal), feed conversion index (1.03), and diarrhea cases (19.7%). In the second assay, none stat...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de suplementar acidificantes a gorrinos ymarranas sobre sus parámetros productivos y de salud. En el primer ensayo se utilizó 360 gorrinos desde los 21 a los 42 días de edad, distribuidos al azar en tres tratamientos: a) grupo control sin acidificante, b) grupo suplementado con acidificante microencapsulado, y c) grupo suplementado con acidificante en polvo. En el segundo ensayo se utilizó 27 marranas desde el día 93 de gestación hasta el destete (21 días postparto), distribuidos al azar en dos tratamientos: a) grupo control, y b) grupo suplementado con acidificante microencapsulado. En el primer ensayo no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre grupos en la ganancia de peso entre el destete y los 42 días de edad (175 g/día), consumo de alimento (357 g/día por gorrino), índice de consumo (1.03), y casos de diarr...

The aim of the study was to determine the serum oestradiol level in adult alpacas during the first post-partum mating and its effect on conception rate. It was selected 85 non-lactating female adult alpacas without calf at foot. Sexual receptive females were mated with a male of proven fertility. Blood samples were collected at mating and the level of oestradiol in serum was determined by radioimmunoassay. Conception was determined by ultrasound at 25-27 days of mating. Oestradiol values were distributed in two groups: A (<0.5 pg/mL) and B (>0.5 pg/mL), where the mean was 0.78 ± 0.39 pg/mL. Conception rate in alpacas with low oestradiol level at time of mating was 52.5% and in alpacas with high level was 66.7% without significant difference. Results indicate the lack of influence of oestradiol levels on conception rate.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el nivel sérico de estradiol en alpacas adultas al momento del primer servicio posparto y su efecto sobre la tasa de concepción. Se seleccionó 85 alpacas adultas, vacías y sin cría, y se sirvieron con machos de fertilidad comprobada, previa evaluación de conducta de receptividad frente al macho. Luego de la monta, se colectó una muestra de sangre y el nivel de estradiol en el suero se analizó por radioinmunoensayo. La concepción se determinó por ecografía a los 25-27 días poscópula. Los valores de estradiol se dividieron en dos grupos: A (<0.5 pg/mL) y B (>0.5 pg/mL), donde la media fue de 0.78 ± 0.39 pg/mL. La tasa de concepción en alpacas con bajo nivel de estradiol en el momento de la monta fue de 52.5% y en alpacas con alto nivel de estradiol (>0.5 pg/mL) fue de 66.7%, sin diferencias estadísticas; indicando la ausencia ...