The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the stage of the dominant follicle (df) at mating on the ovulation and embryonic survival in alpacas. A total of 116 alpacaswith ³15 day-post-partum resting period were used and evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography in order to distribute them in 4 groups: G1 (df in growing stage, diameter: 6 mm), G2 (df in growing stage, diameter: ³ 7 £ 12 mm), G3 (df in static stage, diameter: ³7 mm,) and G4 (df in regression stage, diameter: ³7 mm). Subsequently, all alpacas were mated except 5 alpacas of group G1 that rejected the male. Mating day was considered as day 0. Additional ultrasound evaluations were carried out on days 2 (occurrence of ovulation), 9 (presence and size of the corpus luteum); 20, 25, 30 and 35 (presence of embryonic vesicle or embryo). On day 15, a sexual receptiveness test was performed. Ovulationoccurredin97...

The effect of exogenous oestradiol and progesterone on embryonic survival around the period of maternal recognition of pregnancy was evaluated in 80 adult llamas with ³15 days after parturition. An ultrasound evaluation was conducted to detect a preovulatory follicle (³7mm), and then, animalswere matedwith a male for ³15 minutes of copulation time.Animals were allocated into 4 groups: G0, placebo;G1, 0.2mg/llama/day of estradiol; G2, 15mg/llama/day of proligestone, andG3, 0.2mg/llama/day of estradiol and 15 mg/llama/day of proligestone. Injection of hormones and placebo was done at days 8 and 9 after copula. Mating daywas considered as day 0. Ultrasound evaluations were done on day 2 to determine ovulation, on day 9 to measure the size of the corpus luteum, and on days 20, 25, 30 and 35 to observe the presence of the embryonic vesicle and the embryo. Sexual behaviour was evaluated to ...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del estadio del desarrollo folicular del folículo dominante (fd) al momento de la cópula, sobre la ovulación y supervivencia embrionaria en alpacas. Se utilizaron 116 animales con descanso post-parto ³15 días, que fueron evaluadas por ecografía transrectal para distribuirlas en 4 grupos: G1 (fd en estadio de crecimiento, diámetro: 6 mm), G2 (fd en estadio de crecimiento, diámetro: ³ 7 y £ 12 mm), G3 (fd en estadio estático, diámetro: ³7 mm) y G4 (fd en estadio de regresión, diámetro: ³7 mm). Posteriormente, fueron sometidos a monta controlada, a excepción de 5 alpacas del grupo G1 que rechazaron al macho. El día del empadre fue considerado el día 0. Evaluaciones ecográficas adicionales se realizaron los días 2 (ocurrencia de ovulación), 9 (presencia y tamaño del cuerpo lúteo); 20, 25, 30 y 35 (presencia de ves...

El efecto de la aplicación de estradiol y progesterona, alrededor del momento de reconocimiento maternal de la preñez, sobre la supervivencia embrionaria, fue evaluada en 80 llamas adultas con descanso post parto ³15 días. Se les hizo una ecografía para determinar la presencia del folículo preovulatorio (³7 mm) y luego fueron sometidas a monta por un tiempo de cópula ³15 minutos. Las llamas fueron distribuidas en 4 grupos: G0, placebo;G1, 0.2mg/llama/día de estradiol; G2, 15mg/llama/día de proligestona; yG3, 0.2mg/llama/día de estradiol y 15mg/llama/día de proligestona. La administración de los compuestos se hizo el día 8 y 9 post cópula. El día de la monta fue el día 0. Se hicieron evaluaciones ecográficas el día 2 para determinar ovulación, el día 9 para medir cuerpo lúteo y los días 20, 25, 30 y 35 para observar vesícula embrionaria ypresencia del embrión. La...

The present workwas carried out at the Experimental Research Station Quimsachata- INIA, Puno. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of three semen extenders in alpaca semen: Tris-glucose,Tris-fructose and a pig´s commercial extender. Twelve animals were selected for semen collection using the artificial vagina. Males were trained for a month.Mean values for semen parameterswere: volume of 2.7 ± 0.8ml, viscosityof 1. 04 ± 0.3, motility of 54.0 ± 8.0%, pHtowards to alkaline, concentration of 248,000 sperms/ml, and themost common color wasmilkywhite. The average time for the copula was 26.5 ± 3.8 minutes. Semen was diluted in 1:2 and the dilutions were evaluated on individual motility as the only parameter for sperm viability. The extender Tris-glucose had an average of 5.8 ± 1.1 hours viability, Tris-fructose had 6.1 ± 2.5 hours, and the commercial extender had 5.5 ± 1.0 hou...

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intramuscular application (IM) of seminal plasma on embryo survival in the alpaca after natural mating. The study was conducted in Puno, Peru. Seminal plasma was obtained from alpaca semen samples, which were collected and diluted 1:1 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), then centrifuged and kept frozen in storage until use. Non-pregnant alpacas (n=117) were selected according to the presence of a dominant ovarian follicle (>7 mm) detected by transrectal ultrasonography. Females were naturally mated and assigned randomly into one of three groups: T1 (n=40): 1 ml of seminal plasma diluted in PBS, IM; T2 (n=39): 1 ml of GnRH analogue (0.0042 mg buserelin), IM; T3 (n=38) without administration of any product (control). Females were evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography on day 25 after mating to determine pregnancy and on day 62 for determining...

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of four seminal plasma dilutions on ovulation rate and corpus luteum development in alpacas. Forty four non-lactating alpacas with the presence of a >7 mm dominant follicle detected by transrectal ultrasonography were selected. The animals were randomly distributed in five experimental groups: G1 (n=10) seminal plasma (SP) diluted 1:1 (v/v) with phosphate buffered saline (PBS); G2 (n=10) SP diluted 1:2 (v/v) with PBS; G3 (n=10) SP diluted 1:4 (v/v) with PBS; G4 (n=10) SP 1:8 (v/v) with PBS; and G5 (n=4) control group with PBS. A dose of 1.5 ml of the respective solution was intramuscularly administrated. Ovulation rate and corpus luteum size were evaluated at second and ninth day respectively (D0= day of treatment) through ultrasonography. Blood samples were taken on D0, D3, D6, D9 and D12 to determine serum progesterone levels by radio...

El presente trabajo tuvo el propósito de evaluar la eficiencia de tres dilutores: Trisglucosa, Tris-fructosa y un dilutor comercial de cerdo, en la conservación del semen de alpaca. Se utilizaron 12 machos que fueron entrenados por un mes en la colección de semen con vagina artificial y frazadilla eléctrica. Los animales fueron de la Sub-Estación ExperimentalQuimsachata del INIA, Puno. El semen tuvo las siguientes características: volumen de 2.7 ± 0.8 ml, viscosidad de 1.04 ± 0.3, motilidad de 54.0 ± 8.0%, pH con tendencia a la alcalinidad, concentración de 248,100 espermatozoides/ml, y el color que predominó fue el blanco lechoso. El tiempo promedio de cópula fue de 26.5 ± 3.8minutos. Se utilizó un factor de dilución de 1 en 2 para semen y dilutor, respectivamente. Las diluciones fueron evaluadas considerando lamotilidad individual como único parámetro para determinar l...

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intramuscular application (IM) of seminal plasma on embryo survival in the alpaca after natural mating. The study was conducted in Puno, Peru. Seminal plasma was obtained from alpaca semen samples, which were collected and diluted 1:1 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), then centrifuged and kept frozen in storage until use. Non-pregnant alpacas (n=117) were selected according to the presence of a dominant ovarian follicle (>7 mm) detected by transrectal ultrasonography. Females were naturally mated and assigned randomly into one of three groups: T1 (n=40): 1 ml of seminal plasma diluted in PBS, IM; T2 (n=39): 1 ml of GnRH analogue (0.0042 mg buserelin), IM; T3 (n=38) without administration of any product (control). Females were evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography on day 25 after mating to determine pregnancy and on day 62 for determining...

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of four seminal plasma dilutions on ovulation rate and corpus luteum development in alpacas. Forty four non-lactating alpacas with the presence of a >7 mm dominant follicle detected by transrectal ultrasonography were selected. The animals were randomly distributed in five experimental groups: G1 (n=10) seminal plasma (SP) diluted 1:1 (v/v) with phosphate buffered saline (PBS); G2 (n=10) SP diluted 1:2 (v/v) with PBS; G3 (n=10) SP diluted 1:4 (v/v) with PBS; G4 (n=10) SP 1:8 (v/v) with PBS; and G5 (n=4) control group with PBS. A dose of 1.5 ml of the respective solution was intramuscularly administrated. Ovulation rate and corpus luteum size were evaluated at second and ninth day respectively (D0= day of treatment) through ultrasonography. Blood samples were taken on D0, D3, D6, D9 and D12 to determine serum progesterone levels by radio...

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different fractions of llama seminal plasma, based on the molecular weight (MW), on the ovulation. Fifty four female adult llamas without calf at foot and in good reproductive conditions were used. The animals were bearing a >7 mm dominant follicle determined by ultrasound diagnosis during a three consecutive days. Females were randomly distributed in six groups: A, fraction of seminal plasma with MW >30 kDa; B, fraction of seminal plasma with MW >10 and <30 kDa; C, fraction of seminal plasma with MW >5 and <10 kDa ; D, fraction of seminal plasma with MW <5 kDa; E, complete plasma seminal; and F, PBS. Animals were treated with a 1.5 ml solution of the corresponding fraction or placebo via i.m. Ovarian ultrasound was performed at day 2 and 9 post-treatment to determine the ovulation rate and the size of the cor...

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of deposition site of seminal plasma on the ovulation rate and size of corpus luteum in alpacas. Non-lactating females bearing a ≥7 mm follicle detected by ultrasound were selected (n = 91). Follicular wave was synchronized by injecting 5 mg of LH and then, the presence of a dominant follicle ≥7 mm was determined 12 days later through ultrasound evaluation. Alpacas were assigned to one of six experimental groups: G1 (n=16) seminal plasma (SP) by intramuscular injection – i.m.; G2 (n=15) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) i.m.; G3 (n=16) SP by intrauterine administration – i.u.; G4 (n=15) PBS i.u.; G5 (n=15) SP i.u. with curettage; G6 (14) PBS by i.u. with curettage. Ovulation rate and corpus luteum were determined by ultrasound evaluation on D2 and D8 (D0 = day of treatment). Serum samples were taken from the jugular vein on D...

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of deposition site of seminal plasma on the ovulation rate and size of corpus luteum in alpacas. Non-lactating females bearing a ≥7 mm follicle detected by ultrasound were selected (n = 91). Follicular wave was synchronized by injecting 5 mg of LH and then, the presence of a dominant follicle ≥7 mm was determined 12 days later through ultrasound evaluation. Alpacas were assigned to one of six experimental groups: G1 (n=16) seminal plasma (SP) by intramuscular injection – i.m.; G2 (n=15) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) i.m.; G3 (n=16) SP by intrauterine administration – i.u.; G4 (n=15) PBS i.u.; G5 (n=15) SP i.u. with curettage; G6 (14) PBS by i.u. with curettage. Ovulation rate and corpus luteum were determined by ultrasound evaluation on D2 and D8 (D0 = day of treatment). Serum samples were taken from the jugular vein on D...

El presente estudio fue realizado con el propósito de evaluar el efecto de varias fracciones de plasma seminal de llamas, según su peso molecular (PM), sobre la inducción de la ovulación. Se utilizó 54 llamas hembras sin cría y en óptimo estado reproductivo, con folículo dominante >7 mm de diámetro determinado por ecografía transrectal por tres días consecutivos. Los animales se distribuyeron al azar a uno de los seis tratamientos: A) fracción de plasma seminal con PM >30 kDa, B) fracción de plasma seminal con PM entre 10 y 30 kDa, C) fracción de plasma seminal con PM entre 5 y 10 kDa, D) fracción de plasma seminal con PM <5 kDa, E) plasma seminal completo, y F) PBS. Los animales fueron tratados con una solución de 1.5 ml de la fracción de plasma seminal o placebo correspondiente por vía intramuscular. Las llamas fueron evaluadas por ecografía en el día 2 y 9...

The aim of the present study was to determine the ovulation rate using GnRH (buserelin) and seminal plasma of alpaca as ovulation inductors in alpacas and llamas. For this, 93 alpacas and 92 llamas were distributed in two groups: a group treated with buserelin (42 μg) IM, and a group treated with 1 ml of seminal plasma IM (50/50% seminal plasma of alpaca and PBS + antibiotics). The ovulation rate was 78.7 and 88.9% in alpacas and 80.6 and 70.0% in llamas using buserelin and seminal plasma respectively; and without statistical differences due to type of ovulation inductor, ovary carrying the preovulatory follicle or species.

The presence of Camplylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis in South Americancamelides was evaluated. The animals were from the INIA-Quimsachata Research Centrelocated in the department of Puno. Vaginal and preputial swabs were collected from 244alpacas and llamas between February and March 2007. Samples were analyzed by thedirect immunofluorescence test using a commercial conjugate. None of the samplesresulted positive. The probable mean prevalences using the @Risk software were 0.069 and 0.096% in alpacas and llamas respectively.

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect the embryo transfer to the uterinehorn ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of the corpus luteum (CL) and the size of CLon the embryo survival in llamas. It was used 43 recipient adult females randomly assignedto 4 groups: G1 (n=10): CL in right ovary and ipsilateral embryo transfer, G2 (n=10): CL inright ovary and contralateral transfer, G3 (n=15): CL in left ovary and ipsilateral transfer,and G4 (n=8): CL in left ovary and contralateral transfer. Ten llamas were used as embryodonors. They were synchronized with LH (1 ml) on Day 0 (D0), superovulated with 1000UI eCG on D3, luteolysis was induced with PGF2?on D7, and mated on D8. Recipientswere treated on D7 with LH to get synchrony with the donors. On D14 embryos werecollected, evaluated and transferred. The results showed that 60 (G1) and 75% (G3)recipients conceived when embryo tra...

Se evaluó la presencia del Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis en camélidos sudamericanos del Centro de Investigación y Producción Quimsachata, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria, ubicado en el departamento de Puno. Se hicieron hisopados de los fluidos vaginales y prepuciales en 244 alpacas y llamas, entre febrero y marzo de 2007. Las muestras se analizaron mediante la prueba de inmunofluorescencia directa, utilizando un conjugado comercial. Ninguna muestra resultó positiva. La probable prevalencia media, mediante el programa @Risk®, fue de 0.069 y de 0.096% en alpacas y llamas, respectivamente.

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect the embryo transfer to the uterinehorn ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of the corpus luteum (CL) and the size of CLon the embryo survival in llamas. It was used 43 recipient adult females randomly assignedto 4 groups: G1 (n=10): CL in right ovary and ipsilateral embryo transfer, G2 (n=10): CL inright ovary and contralateral transfer, G3 (n=15): CL in left ovary and ipsilateral transfer,and G4 (n=8): CL in left ovary and contralateral transfer. Ten llamas were used as embryodonors. They were synchronized with LH (1 ml) on Day 0 (D0), superovulated with 1000UI eCG on D3, luteolysis was induced with PGF2?on D7, and mated on D8. Recipientswere treated on D7 with LH to get synchrony with the donors. On D14 embryos werecollected, evaluated and transferred. The results showed that 60 (G1) and 75% (G3)recipients conceived when embryo tra...

Se trabajó con 93 alpacas y 92 llamas a fin de determinar el porcentaje de ovulación utilizando GnRH (buserelina) y plasma seminal de alpaca como inductor de ovulación en alpacas y llamas. Los animales se distribuyeron en dos grupos, un grupo tratado con 42 μg de buserelina intramuscular y otro grupo tratado con 1 ml de plasma seminal intramuscular (50/50% de plasma seminal y PBS + antibióticos). La tasa de ovulación fue de 78.7 y 88.9% en alpacas y 80.6 y 70.0 en llamas con buserelina y plasma seminal, respectivamente, no encontrándose diferencias estadísticas entre tipo de inductor, ovario con presencia de folículo preovulatorio o especie.