The critical flow velocity for a horizontal clamped-clamped pipe conveying two-phase flow is investigated. The system is represented by a coupled fluid-structure fourth-order Partial Differential Equation (PDE). In the case of the multiphase flow, the no-slip homogeneous flow is adopted. The PDE is transformed to a set of first-order ODEs using both Galerkin and state-space methods. The final system of equations represents an eigenvalue problem, where the eigenvalues are the natural frequency of the system. Specialized software has been employed to solve it. Results of critical flow velocity of gas as a function of homogeneous void fraction (fraction of the transversal area occupied by the gas) are presented representing a velocity stability map. The later suggest that the critical flow velocity increases with increasing the homogeneous void fraction. © 2018 Begell House Inc.. All right...

The aim of this study was to identify the species of gastrointestinal parasites affecting the Peruvian guanaco and to determine the levels of parasitism in the populations under evaluation. For this purpose, 132 fresh faecal samples were collected from nine populations of wild guanacos located in six departments of Peru: Huallhua Community in Ayacucho; Calipuy National Reserve in La Libertad; Chavín community in Ica; Salinas and Aguada Blanca National Reserve, and Machaguay and Yarabamba districts in Arequipa, Quilahuani district and Vila Vilani community in Tacna, and La Capilla district in Moquegua. Samples were processed by the coproparasitological techniques of flotation, sedimentation, larvae culture, and Baerman, and biometry of larvae and oocysts. Eight species of nematodes were identified: Graphinema aucheniae, Bunostomun spp., Ostertagia spp., Trichuris spp., Cooperia spp., Nem...

El propósito del presente estudio fue identificar las especies de parásitosgastrointestinales que afectan al guanaco peruano y determinar los niveles de parasitismode las poblaciones evaluadas. Se obtuvieron 132 muestras de heces frescas deguanacos silvestres pertenecientes a nueve poblaciones ubicadas en seis departamentosdel Perú: Comunidad Campesina de Huallhua (Ayacucho), Reserva Nacional de Calipuy(La Libertad), Comunidad Campesina de Chavín (Ica), Reserva Nacional Salinas y AguadaBlanca y distritos de Machaguay y Yarabamba (Arequipa), distrito de Quilahuani yComunidad Campesina de Vila Vilani (Tacna), y distrito de La Capilla (Moquegua). Lasmuestras fueron procesadas mediante técnicas coproparasitológicas de flotación, sedimentación,cultivo de larvas, Baerman y biometría de larvas y ooquistes. Se identificaronocho especies de nematodos: Graphinema aucheniae, Bunostomun sp....

DGS and JAB were funded by a Sir Henry Dale Fellowship, jointly funded by the Wellcome Trust and Royal Society [Grant 102507/Z/13/Z]. DGS was funded by a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship [217221/Z/19/Z]. CS, JAB, NF and DGS were also funded by a CONCYTEC-UK Embassy grant [No. 003-2016-FONDECYT]. JAB was funded by the National Fund for Scientific and Technological development of Chile [FONDECYT-Iniciación, grant number 11181017]. DF-C receives a doctoral fellowship from the National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) [process number BCH 72170436]. NL is a research fellow of CNPq [312249/2017-9].

This article proposes a production method that aims to increase the manufacturing capacity of a footwear small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) to reduce backorders. Therefore, an assessment is carried out and delays in production processes, excess product transport time, defective products, and inefficient work methods are identified. This article proposes designing a Lean manufacturing method using the change management approach, whose methodology is composed of six phases. In phase 0, change management is carried out; in phase 1, the company's current situation is reviewed using the Value Stream Mapping (VSM); in phase 2, the work area is reorganized (implementing SLP and 5S); in phase 3, production is balanced (implementing Line Balancing); in phase 4, continual improvement is established using the Kaizen tool; and finally, in phase 5, the results are evaluated. Through validation,...

Objetivo: Conocer la eficacia de la oxigenoterapia en pacientes con pie diabético de la Unidad de Terapia Hiperbárica del Hospital María Auxiliadora durante los meses de enero – agosto del año 2016. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte longitudinal; con una muestra de 100 pacientes que se atendieron en la Unidad de Terapia Hiperbárica del Hospital María Auxiliadora, durante los meses de enero – agosto del año 2016. Conclusiones: El mayor porcentaje de pacientes que recibieron oxigenoterapia, fueron los pacientes con pie diabético grado IV y en menor frecuencia fueron los de grado I y V. Se estima que del total de la población de estudio, solo 56 pacientes obtuvieron resultados clasificados como excelente y que 36 pacientes un resultado aceptable, dando a entender lo beneficioso que es llevar sesiones la oxigenoterapia. Recomendaciones: Dar a c...

Los postes de fibra de vidrio reforzados con resina en unión con las estructuras dentarias y cemento de resina se comportan como un monobloque. Una unión inadecuada en las interfaces produce descementación y falilas en la adhesíón del poste frente a fuerzas oclusales o de cizallamiento. Algunos autores sugieren estrategias como el tratar la superficie del poste argumentando que generan retención mecánica y química entre el poste y conducto radicular.

The largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis) is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List (Kyne et al. 2013). This species has been recorded in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, where its range has been described as extending from Mazatlan, Mexico, to northern Peru (Chirichigno & Cornejo 2001). Recent research efforts suggest that largetooth sawfish are now extremely rare or locally extinct on Mexico’s Pacific coast (Bonfil et al. 2018). There is no current information on the status of largetooth sawfish in Panama or Colombia; the most recent record of a largetooth sawfish captured on Colombia’s Pacific coast occurred in 2007 (Chasqui et al. 2017). In Ecuador, the species had been considered extirpated. However, in 2014, a large largetooth sawfish was captured by local fisherman in southern Ecuador, taken to the fishing port of Salinas and then released by the environmental agency...

Self-medication can be defined generically as the administration by choice, or by unqualified advice, medicines to relieve symptoms or cure a disease. Self-medication is a problem more complex since entering the population attributable aspects such as medical education, culture, habits and customs that are somehow influenced by the big marketing machine that have drug manufacturing companies. The investigation considered to determine the factors related to self-medication in the student population of nursing and midwifery at the Private University of Huancayo. The design that was used corresponds to the objectives of an investigation by reference to the nature of the variable (cause - effect) used in the formulation of the problem. According to the results of self-medication is said to exist in the student population, still nursing career for a 96.83% and 94.12% in obstetrics. The dru...

Self-medication can be defined generically as the administration by choice, or by unqualified advice, medicines to relieve symptoms or cure a disease. Self-medication is a problem more complex since entering the population attributable aspects such as medical education, culture, habits and customs that are somehow influenced by the big marketing machine that have drug manufacturing companies. The investigation considered to determine the factors related to self-medication in the student population of nursing and midwifery at the Private University of Huancayo. The design that was used corresponds to the objectives of an investigation by reference to the nature of the variable (cause - effect) used in the formulation of the problem. According to the results of self-medication is said to exist in the student population, still nursing career for a 96.83% and 94.12% in obstetrics. The dru...

In recent years important economic losses have resulted from what is described as “dandruff” in vicuña fiber. With the goal of analyzing the possible cause/s was conducted an histopathological analysis of 75 skin biopsies (33 affected/42 unaffected), microbiological analysis of 85 skin/fiber scrapings (44 affected/41 unaffected), and microelement analysis (zinc, selenium, copper, molybdenum) of 70 serum samples (41 affected/ 29 unaffected), collected from three wild populations in the communities of Huaytará, Ayaví and Santa Rosa de Tambo, Huancavelica, Peru, as well as from the captive herd held jointly by these communities. The affected vicuñas were clinically normal and the presence of “dandruff” was generally detected after shearing. In these fleeces, white scales scattered or accumulated and firmly adhered to the fibers were found, especially on the flanks and backs of t...

Se describen 75 estudios histopatológicos en biopsias de piel (33 afectados y 42 no afectados con “caspa”), 85 análisis microbiológicos en raspados de piel (44 afectados y 41 no afectados) y 70 determinaciones séricas de zinc, selenio, cobre y molibdeno (41 afectados y 29 no afectados) de tres poblaciones de vicuñas silvestres capturadas en “Chakus” en el 2009 en las comunidades campesinas de Huaytará, Ayaví, Santa Rosa de Tambo y en una población captiva multicomunal, en Huancavelica. Los animales afectados no tenían alteraciones clínicas, pero los vellones a la postesquila presentaron escamas blanquecinas dispersas o acumuladas y fuertemente adheridas, usualmente, al dorso lateral y algunas veces por todo el vellón. Todas las muestras de piel, con mayor severidad en las afectadas, mostraron moderada hiperqueratosis ortoqueratótica laminar asociada con dermatosis ine...

The authors acknowledge the CONCYTEC from Peru for the attribution of a master grant to one of us to realize part of the studies.

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial assistance of CONCYTEC from Peru and DSF-IRD (JEAI) from France. We express our thanks to members of the Chayahuitas community who were willing to share with us their knowledge about medicinal plants. The authors are grateful to Candy Ruiz from LID-UPCH, for technical assistance in plants extractions.

A serologic study was conducted on 793 alpaca and 195 vicuña sera samples collected in Huancavelica and Ayacucho departments in Peru to detect specific antibodies against five pathogenic leptospira serovars (L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. pomona, L. canicola, L. wolfii and L. ballum) by the microaglutination test. The survey revealed that 89.6% of the alpacas and 77.4% of vicuñas were positive to one or more serovars. In alpacas, the titers varied from 1:100 to 1:1600 reacting mainly to L. icterohaemorrhagiae (43.4%) and L. pomona (37.8%), whereas titers among vicuñas varied from 1:100 to 1:400 reacting similarly to L. icterohaemorrhagiae (69.2%) and L. pomona (8.2%) serovars. The alpacas also had antibodies to L. canicola (7.8 %) and L. wolfii (0.6%) serovars. These results show that the animals had previous exposure to at least 4 of the 5 serovars tested and the elevated titers to L. ic...

Se realizaron estudios serológicos en 793 alpacas y 195 vicuñas de comunidades campesinas de los departamentos de Huancavelica y Ayacucho, Perú, para detectar anticuerpos específicos para cinco serovares patogénicos (icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona, canicola, wolfii y ballum) mediante la prueba serovar específica de microaglutinación. Se encontró que 89.6% de las alpacas y 77.4% de las vicuñas eran seropositivas a uno o más serovares. En alpacas, los anticuerpos tuvieron títulos de 1:100 hasta 1:1600, mayormente con los serovares icterohaemorrhagiae (43.4%) y pomona (37.8%); en tanto que en las vicuñas se obtuvo títulos de 1:100 hasta 1:400, reaccionando similarmente a icterohaemorrhagiae (69.2%) y pomona (8.2%). Solamente las alpacas mostraron títulos positivos a los serovares canicola (7.8%) y wolfii (0.6%). Los resultados indican que los animales han estado expuestos a por l...

The gut microbiota of insects is composed of a wide range of microorganisms which produce bioactive compounds that protect their host from pathogenic attack. In the present study, we isolate and identify the fungus Chrysosporium multifidum from the gut of Hermetia illucens larvae. Extract from C. multifidum culture broth supernatant showed moderate activity against a strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Bioguided isolation of the extract resulted in the characterization of six ?-pyrone derivatives (1-6) and one diketopiperazine (7). Of these compounds, 5,6-dihydro-4-methoxy-6-(1-oxopentyl)-2Hpyran- 2-one (4) showed the greatest activity (IC50 = 11.4 ± 0.7 ?g/mL and MIC = 62.5 ?g/ mL) against MRSA. © 2019 Correa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribut...

The results of our recent research work on enterotoxemia in Peruvian alpacas are presented. Microbiological and molecular analyses found that the majority of the isolates corresponded to Clostridium perfringens and contained the cpa coding gene for α toxin (A genotype) while 0.4% contained both the cpa and cpb genes of the α and β toxins (C genotype). A parallel study revealed that 8.5% of the genotype A isolates also had cpb2, but the cpe (enterotoxin) gene was absent in all cases. These results highly suggest that the exotoxins secreted by C. perfringens are the virulent factors in enterotoxemia, rather than the endogenous enterotoxin. Additionally, an histopathological study of intestinal samples from fatal cases showed that 30.6% had abundant immature structures of Eimeria macusaniensis affecting deep mucosa and cryptic gland epithelia, primarily in the jejune and ileum, suggestin...

The objective of the present study was to determine the levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) in neonatal alpacas (5-23 days of age) killed by enterotoxemia and in animals of similar ages, but clinically healthy. In a first phase, a standard curve of physiological degradation of serum IgG was established from blood sera of six apparently healthy neonates from day 2 to 21 days of age (n=9). In a second phase, serum IgG concentrations were determined in 17 dead neonatal alpacas with lesions compatible with enterotoxemia and in 26 animals of similar ages, apparently healthy. The concentrations of IgG, determined by the Radial Immunodiffusion test, showed that all the animals at 48 hours of birth had adequate concentrations of IgG, while only three of the animals killed by enterotoxemia had IgG levels below the obtained standard curve, although only one of them with levels below 900 mg/dl a...

The results of our recent research work on enterotoxemia in Peruvian alpacas are presented. Microbiological and molecular analyses found that the majority of the isolates corresponded to Clostridium perfringens and contained the cpa coding gene for α toxin (A genotype) while 0.4% contained both the cpa and cpb genes of the α and β toxins (C genotype). A parallel study revealed that 8.5% of the genotype A isolates also had cpb2, but the cpe (enterotoxin) gene was absent in all cases. These results highly suggest that the exotoxins secreted by C. perfringens are the virulent factors in enterotoxemia, rather than the endogenous enterotoxin. Additionally, an histopathological study of intestinal samples from fatal cases showed that 30.6% had abundant immature structures of Eimeria macusaniensis affecting deep mucosa and cryptic gland epithelia, primarily in the jejune and ileum, suggestin...