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1
tesis de grado
Publicado 2016
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El objetivo general de esta tesis es determinar la influencia que ejerce el plan de marketing relacional en la fidelización de los clientes del gimnasio America Stronger, Guadalupe 2016 y para ello en primer lugar se realizó un diagnóstico del nivel de fidelización de los clientes de dicho gimnasio, el cual arrojo una insatisfacción en los clientes conllevando esto a que los clientes no sean leales al servicio que ofrece el gimnasio pudiendo acudir a la competencia. En segundo lugar se llevó acabo un diagnóstico y análisis situacional en donde se dieron a conocer tantos los posibles factores externos y también los internos, en donde se plantearon estrategias relacionales y llevándolas a cabo para incrementar el nivel de fidelización dando paso al plan de marketing relacional en la fidelización de los clientes del gimnasio America Stronger, Guadalupe 2016. Por último se evalu...
2
artículo
Publicado 2021
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This paper examines whether compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures is motivated by wanting to save lives or save the economy (or both), and which implications this carries to fight the pandemic. National representative samples were collected from 24 countries (N = 25,435). The main predictors were (1) perceived risk to contract coronavirus, (2) perceived risk to suffer economic losses due to coronavirus, and (3) their interaction effect. Individual and country-level variables were added as covariates in multilevel regression models. We examined compliance with various preventive health behaviors and support for strict containment policies. Results show that perceived economic risk consistently predicted mitigation behavior and policy support—and its effects were positive. Perceived health risk had mixed effects. Only two significant interactions between health and economic risk w...
3
artículo
Publicado 2019
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Some previously described environmental associations for atopic eczema may be due to reverse causation. We explored the role of reverse causation by comparing individual- and school-level results for multiple atopic eczema risk factors. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (i.e, ISAAC) Phase Three surveyed children in schools (the sampling unit) regarding atopic eczema symptoms and potential risk factors. We assessed the effect of these risk factors on atopic eczema symptoms using mixed-effect logistic regression models, first with individual-level exposure data and second with school-level exposure prevalence. Overall, 546,348 children from 53 countries were included. At ages 6–7 years, the strongest individual-level associations were with current paracetamol use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37–1.54), which persisted at school-lev...
4
artículo
Publicado 2022
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The COVID-19 pandemic had a strong impact on mental health. Multiple studies report the alarming prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress-related conditions due to the lockdown measures. Nevertheless, somatization has been an overlooked topic in current literature despite its strong relationship with most mental health conditions. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of somatic symptoms and their associated factors in a sample of 3218 undergraduate students from Lima, Peru. A cross-sectional design was carried out. The prevalence of somatic symptoms was measured with the PHQ-15. As predictors of somatic symptom severity, we included psychopathological (depression, anxiety, and stress), psychological (perceived social support, resilience, satisfaction with life, and academic self-efficacy), and sociodemographic (e.g., age, sex, employment status, relationship status, ...
5
artículo
Publicado 2015
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This work analysed the changes in air temperature in 25 meteorological stations in the Altiplano and the surrounding Andean slopes of Bolivia and Peru, and their relationship with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (SO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The analysis focused on annual, warm season (DJF) and cold season (JJA) maximum and minimum temperatures. All analyses were undertaken during 1965-2012, but some analyses were also from 1945 and 1955 when data were available. Principal component analysis was applied to the annual and seasonal series to identify spatial differences of changes in maximum and minimum air temperature. There was an overall increase of temperatures since the mid-20th century. The most intense and spatially coherent warming was observed for annual and warm season maximum temperature, with warming rates from 0.15 to 0.25 °C decade-1. Changes in the cold seas...
6
tesis de grado
Publicado 2024
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El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre los Estilos de Liderazgo y la Cultura Organizacional en los hoteles 5 estrellas del distrito de San Isidro en el 2023. Se empleó una metodología con diseño no experimental-transeccional y alcance correlacional. La muestra por conveniencia fue de 347 trabajadores que tenían de 3 meses a más trabajando en los hoteles. Los resultados confirmaron la hipótesis general de una relación positiva entre Estilos de Liderazgo y Cultura Organizacional (coeficiente 0.600). Las hipótesis específicas también fueron aceptadas, encontrándose correlaciones positivas entre el Liderazgo Transformacional, Transaccional y Laissez Faire con la Cultura Organizacional (coeficientes 0.600, 0.548 y 0.567 respectivamente). Adicionalmente, el análisis por segmentos mostró diferencias en las correlaciones según género, edad y cargo. El liderazg...
7
artículo
This study assessed changes in the maximum and minimum surface air temperatures across Peru during the period 1964–2014. For this purpose, we employed the most complete records of air temperature series that were also subjected to a rigorous quality control and homogenization protocol. Based on the homogenized series, we created a monthly gridded data set of maximum and minimum air temperatures at a 5 × 5 km grid spacing. The results suggest a general warming trend in surface air temperature across Peru, albeit with clear spatial and seasonal variation. Our results also reveal some differences in the detectable trends between maximum and minimum air temperatures. Maximum air temperature trends mainly increased during the austral summer (DJF), but cold season minimum air temperature trends showed an opposite pattern, with the strongest warming being recorded in the austral winter (JJA)...
8
tesis doctoral
Publicado 2022
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Descargue el texto completo en el repositorio institucional de la Universität Hamburg: http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0009-F864-F
9
tesis de grado
La presente investigación tuvo como finalidad identificar si existe una relación entre la adaptación a la vida universitaria y las características de resiliencia en un grupo de 122 becarios universitarios de condición socio-económica de pobreza o pobreza extrema. Asimismo, busca describir diferencias en ambas variables según características sociodemográficas. Para ello se emplearon el Cuestionario de vivencias académicas (QVA-r) y la Escala de resiliencia para adultos (RSA). Los resultados dan cuenta de una relación directa entre todas las áreas de adaptación y la resiliencia total, siendo las más altas las halladas entre el área de personal (r = .64; p <.001) y estudio ( r = .57; p <.001) con resiliencia total. También, se encontró que las sub-escalas de futuro planeado y competencia social estuvieron relacionadas con todas las áreas de adaptación, encontrándose las ...
10
artículo
Publicado 2019
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Background: Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) measured the global prevalence of symptoms of asthma in children. We undertook comprehensive analyses addressing risk factors for asthma symptoms in combination, at both the individual and the school level, to explore the potential role of reverse causation due to selective avoidance or confounding by indication. Objective: To explore the role of reverse causation in risk factors of asthma symptoms. Methods: We compared two sets of multilevel logistic regression analyses, using (a) individual level exposure data and (b) school level average exposure (ie prevalence), in two different age groups. In individual level analyses, reverse causation is a possible concern if individual level exposure statuses were changed as a result of asthma symptoms or diagnosis. School level analyses may suffer fro...
11
artículo
Publicado 2018
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Entrepreneurial Intention is commonly attributed to the interaction of cultural values and attitude; however, cultural values vary according to the context in which they are developed. The following study intends to show how Subjective Norms affect intentions of self-employment, as both, a direct factor and mediated through attitudinal values: Perceived Behavioral Control and Desirability, within a cross-cultural framework. A sample of 736 students from four different countries: Spain, Portugal, Mexico and India were used. Results yielded a direct relationship between Subjective Norm and Intention in all countries, except India. When mediated through attitude, the relation becomes stronger, even more when it’s through Desirability, except in Portugal, which the relationship is stronger directly through Social Norms. India does not show a relationship between Perceived Behavioral Contro...
12
tesis de grado
Publicado 2013
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Se presenta una investigación mixta cuyo objetivo fue comprobar la relación entre el nivel socioeconómico, la percepción de barreras, y las aspiraciones educativas y ocupacionales de jóvenes de los últimos años de secundaria de escuelas públicas y privadas de Lima, Perú. A partir del estudio cualitativo, en el que se recogieron las principales barreras que los adolescentes consideraban que tenían para alcanzar sus metas educativas y ocupacionales, se elaboró una escala que permitió medir cuantitativamente estas dificultades. Las correlaciones entre cuatro variables, aspiraciones educativas y ocupacionales, nivel socioeconómico y la percepción de barreras, demostraron los siguientes resultados: 1) Los jóvenes de menor nivel socioeconómico tendían a aspirar a menores niveles de instrucción y a carreras de menor prestigio social, en comparación con sus pares de mayor nive...
13
tesis doctoral
Publicado 2019
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El objetivo del estudio fue en comparar in vitro la fuerza de adhesión de tres resinas: dos resinas fotocurables con su sistema de adhesión y otra sin sistema de adhesión; las tres empleadas en la cementación directa de bráckets metálicos. Se realizó un estudio comparativo y experimental. La muestra lo constituyeron 39 dientes premolares humanos; a dichas muestras se cementaron los bráckets metálicos con las tres resinas; a dos grupos de premolares se le cementaron los bráckets metálicos previo gravado ácido, más un sistema adhesivo y las resinas fotocurables: Transbond XT y Filmagic respectivamente, y al tercer grupo de premolares se cementaron los bráckets pero de forma directa, es decir, luego del gravado ácido no se usó sistema adhesivo alguno, solo la resina fotocurable Ortocem. Se aplicó una fuerza de cizallamiento en sentido oclusal del diente; de arriba hacia aba...
14
artículo
Publicado 2017
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Objectives: Among different factors, diet patterns seem to be related to depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the consumption of fruits and/or vegetables and depressive symptoms. Methodology/Principal findings: A secondary data analysis was conducted using information from a population-based survey from 25 regions from Peru. The outcome was the presence of depressive symptoms according to the Patient Health Questionnaire (cutoff 15 to define major depressive syndrome); whereas the exposure was the self-reported consumption of fruits and/or vegetables (in tertiles and using WHO recommendation 5 servings/day). The association of interest was evaluated using Poisson regression models controlling for the complex-sample survey design and potential confounders. Data from 25,901 participants were analyzed, mean age 44.2 (SD: 17.7) and 13,944 (54.0%) women. O...
15
artículo
Publicado 2015
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Objectives. We aimed to assess if Caesarean section is a risk factor for overnutrition in early- and late-childhood, and to assess the magnitude of the effect of child- versus family-related variables in these risk estimates. Methods. Longitudinal data from Peruvian children from the Young Lives Study was used. Outcomes assessed were overweight, obesity, overnutrition (overweight plus obesity), and central obesity (waist circumference) at the age 5 (first follow-up) and 7 (second follow-up) years. The exposure of interests was delivery by Caesarean section. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using multivariable models adjusted for child-related (e.g., birth weight) and familyrelated (e.g., maternal nutritional status) variables. Results. At baseline, mean age was 11.7 (± 3.5) months and 50.1% were boys. Children born by Caesarean section were 15.6%...
16
artículo
Publicado 2018
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Objectives Different studies have reported the association between perceived stress and unhealthy diet choices. We aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between perceived stress and fat intake among undergraduate medical students. Methods/Principal findings A cross-sectional study was performed including first-year medical students. The outcome of interest was the self-report of fat intake assessed using the Block Screening Questionnaire for Fat Intake (high vs. low intake), whereas the exposure was perceived stress (low/ normal vs. high levels). The prevalence of high fat intake was estimated and the association of interest was determined using prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Models were created utilizing Poisson regression with robust standard errors. Data from 523 students were analyzed, 52.0% female, mean age 19.0 (SD 1.7) years. The prevale...
17
capítulo de libro
Publicado 2019
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Every few years the tropical Pacific warms abnormally in association with a relaxation of the trade winds, a phenomenon known as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) that represents the strongest fluctuation of the global climate system. Although the contemporary observational record indicates that all El Niño events are not alike, differing in amplitude, warming pattern, and teleconnection, there is a class of events that stands out in terms of the societal and economical impacts: the extreme El Niño events that have occurred every 15–20 years. In this chapter, we propose an overview of the state of knowledge and of some current lines of research dedicated to extreme El Niño events. Building on the recently proposed concept of ENSO diversity, we further synthesize our current understanding of the nonlinear dynamics of this class of events and their expected evolution in a wa...
18
libro
Latin America is currently suffering from two independent but related shocks: the impact of COVID-19 and the shock of commodity prices. Peru, we argue, is a case in which the strongest impact comes from the pandemic. Peru was the first country in Latin America to react and implement sanitary and economic measures against the coronavirus. The country has been in mandatory quarantine since Monday, March 16. This carries very important challenges for all economic actors. Global and national activity has suffered a sudden stop with direct implications for: (i) the income generating capacity of independent workers, (ii) the jobs of formal and informal and informal workers, and (iii) the survival of small, medium and large companies. In this note we consider the situation of Peruvian households in the face of the pandemic, exploring their vulnerabilities through an analysis of their main sourc...
19
artículo
Publicado 2020
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Latin America is a violent region where fear of crime is well spread but still not fully understood. Using multilevel methods for a large and subnational representative household survey (N = 271,022), we assess the determinants of fear of crime in Peru, the country with the highest fear of crime and crime victimization in the region. Our results show that body-aimed victimization (physical or sexual abuse from a member of their household, and sexual offenses) is the strongest driver of fear of crime, even higher than armed victimization. Moreover, safety measures based on social capital are negatively related to fear of crime, suggesting that they are palliatives rather than real protections. Finally, our study shows that people in a higher socioeconomic status are more likely to fear more because they have more (resources) to lose. Policy implications address Latin America as a whole an...
20
tesis de maestría
Publicado 2024
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La presente investigación tiene por objetivo determinar la relación entre el liderazgo femenino y la cultura organizacional de una empresa del sector agrícola de la región Lambayeque en el 2023. La investigación adopta un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo – correlacional, transversal con diseño no experimental, realizado con una muestra probabilística de 132 trabajadores liderados por mujeres en una empresa del rubro agrícola de la región Lambayeque, como técnica principal se ha utilizado la encuesta, los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron dos cuestionarios, el cuestionario que responde a la variable de liderazgo femenino con 17 preguntas y el cuestionario para la variable de cultura organizacional con 19 preguntas. Se obtuvo como resultados que existe una relación positiva alta (rho = 0.713) y significativa (valor p:0.00 <0.05) entre las variables, lo cual...
