El capibara (Hydrochoerus hidrochaeris) es el roedor más grande del mundo y una fuente de proteína potencial en humanos. La información cientifica está disponible sobre la biología y la fisiología del carpincho, pero poco se sabe de su estado de salud. Pruebas de microaglutinación detectaron anticuerpos contra 14 serovariedades de Leptospira en muestras de suero de carpinchos jóvenes y adultos, machos (n =25) y hembras (n =17) en un establecimiento de cría en Iquitos, Perú. Anticuerpos contra 8 diferentes serovares de Leptospira, con títulos entre 1:100 a 1:400, se encontraron en 71% (30/42) de las muestras. Entre los animales reactores, 26.6% tienen a los serotipos Hardjo, Grippothyphosa y Canicola, 20% tenían Pirogenes y Wolfii, 10% tienen Pomona, 6.6% tienen Icterohemorrhagiae y 3.3% tienen Bataviae. No se detectaron reactores en contra de los serovares  Autumnalis, Taras...

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar los valores hematológicos en ronsocos (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) de la Amazonìa Peruana en condiciones clìmaticas normales, bajo un particular sistema de manejo en cautiverio. Se emplearon ronsocos machos (n=19) y hembras (n=16), entre juveniles y adultos, provinientes del zoocriadero "Biodiversidad Amazònica (BIOAM)", ubicado en la ciudad de Iquitos, departamento de Loreto-Perù. Para la obtenciòn de muestras, los animales fueron anastesiados con xilazina en una dosis de 0.25 a 0.5 mg/kpv y kentamina en dosis de 7-10 mg/kpv cargados en dardos. la sangre fue colectada en tubos conteniendo EDTA (etilenodiaminotetraacètico). el numero de eritrocitos y leucositos fueron determinados por el mètodo convencional con càmara de Neubauer, el hematocrito por el mètodo del microhematocrito, la hemoglobina por el método de oxihemoglobina el...

El capibara (Hydrochoerus hidrochaeris) es el roedor más grande del mundo y una fuente de proteína potencial en humanos. La información cientifica está disponible sobre la biología y la fisiología del carpincho, pero poco se sabe de su estado de salud. Pruebas de microaglutinación detectaron anticuerpos contra 14 serovariedades de Leptospira en muestras de suero de carpinchos jóvenes y adultos, machos (n =25) y hembras (n =17) en un establecimiento de cría en Iquitos, Perú. Anticuerpos contra 8 diferentes serovares de Leptospira, con títulos entre 1:100 a 1:400, se encontraron en 71% (30/42) de las muestras. Entre los animales reactores, 26.6% tienen a los serotipos Hardjo, Grippothyphosa y Canicola, 20% tenían Pirogenes y Wolfii, 10% tienen Pomona, 6.6% tienen Icterohemorrhagiae y 3.3% tienen Bataviae. No se detectaron reactores en contra de los serovares  Autumnalis, Taras...

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar los valores hematológicos en ronsocos (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) de la Amazonìa Peruana en condiciones clìmaticas normales, bajo un particular sistema de manejo en cautiverio. Se emplearon ronsocos machos (n=19) y hembras (n=16), entre juveniles y adultos, provinientes del zoocriadero "Biodiversidad Amazònica (BIOAM)", ubicado en la ciudad de Iquitos, departamento de Loreto-Perù. Para la obtenciòn de muestras, los animales fueron anastesiados con xilazina en una dosis de 0.25 a 0.5 mg/kpv y kentamina en dosis de 7-10 mg/kpv cargados en dardos. la sangre fue colectada en tubos conteniendo EDTA (etilenodiaminotetraacètico). el numero de eritrocitos y leucositos fueron determinados por el mètodo convencional con càmara de Neubauer, el hematocrito por el mètodo del microhematocrito, la hemoglobina por el método de oxihemoglobina el...

Adult specimens of Choloepus hoffmanni, 14 females and 5 males, bred in captivity, in apparent good health, were used to perform an ultrasound evaluation of the abdominal and pelvic organs using the ESAOTE MyLab One Vet ultrasound scanner with SC3123 convex transducer, 9-4 MHz. The results indicate that the ultrasound characteristics and dimensions of the abdominal organs of C. hoffmanni are very similar to those observed in the tamandua and other companion animals of similar size; however, it differs from other species in that the liver has less echogenicity than the kidney, the stomach is large, and the testicles are located intra-pelvically; and the fullness of the stomach and urinary bladder can affect the topographic location and visualization of other abdominal organs.

The topography, morphology, ecotexture, echogenicity and architecture of the abdominal organs of four species of wild feline native to Peru were described through ultrasonography to generate ultrasound parameters in the smaller felines and obtain comparative measurements between these species. The felines were in a zoo in Lima, Peru: two ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), two oncillas (L. tigrinus), three margay (L. wiedii) and four Pampas cats (L. colocolo). An Esaote ultrasound equipment, model MyLab One Vet with convex transducer SC3123 was used. The characteristics of the abdominal organs of the studied species were similar in location, shape, echogenicity and ecotexture to those previously described in margay and domestic cats. The dimensions of the organs presented a variation according to the size of each species; being largest in the ocelot, followed by the margay, the Pampas cat, and...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar las imágenes ultrasonográficas de los órganos abdominales y pélvicos del oso de anteojos (Tremarctos ornatus) en cautiverio. Se evaluaron ocho especímenes adultos (3 machos y 2 hembras) del zoológico Patronato del Parque de las Leyendas (Lima, Perú) y dos machos del Centro de Rescate Mundo Natural (Tingo María, Perú). Se utilizó un ecógrafo MyLab OneVet (Esaote) con transductor convexo 4-9 MHz. Se encontró que el riñón posee una forma multilobulada, similar al de otros úrsidos y al bovino doméstico. Las características ultrasonográficas y topográficas de los órganos abdominales, así como de los testículos son similares a las descritas en otras especies carnívoras domésticas, con variaciones proporcionales al mayor tamaño de la especie. El testículo presente un mediastinum testis poco remarcado y discontinuo.

Sapajus macrocephalus (machín de cabeza grande) es un primate neotropical que habita en la amazonia sudamericana. Se considera como una especie de preocupación menor, aunque su población está decayendo. Se evaluaron las imágenes ultrasonográficas de S. macrocephalus para describir la ubicación anatómica, morfología, dimensiones y las características ultrasonográficas de los órganos abdominales y perineales. Se muestrearon 31 ejemplares, 18 hembras y 13 machos castrados del Zoológico del Parque Las Leyendas y 3 ejemplares machos enteros del Zoológico El Buen Pastor (Lima, Perú). Se concluye que las características ultrasonográficas, dimensiones y ubicación anatómica de los órganos abdominales de S. macrocephalus son semejantes a los referidos C. apella, C. albifrons; y parecidas a los animales de compañía y humanos. Esta información será de gran utilidad en la iden...

The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii in captive wild animals of the Carnivora and Primates orders and identify the epidemiologic variables involved in its presentation. The study was conducted at the Patronato del Parque de las Leyendas Zoo, Lima, Peru. Blood samples were collected (Carnivora, n=49; Primates, n=52). In addition, samples were collected from 87 urban rodents and 18 domesticcats captured in the zoo. Surveys were done to identify potencial risk factors for each Order. Furthermore, morphometric parameters, estimated age, sex and body weight from rats and age and sex from cats were recorded. Indirect hemaglutination test was used for the diagnosis of T .gondii. Dilutions were prepared from 1:16 to 1:2048, considering positive a titre over 1/16. IgM antibodies were measured by using 2-Mercaptoethanol to determinate acute infections. The a...

The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii in captive wild animals of the Carnivora and Primates orders and identify the epidemiologic variables involved in its presentation. The study was conducted at the Patronato del Parque de las Leyendas Zoo, Lima, Peru. Blood samples were collected (Carnivora, n=49; Primates, n=52). In addition, samples were collected from 87 urban rodents and 18 domesticcats captured in the zoo. Surveys were done to identify potencial risk factors for each Order. Furthermore, morphometric parameters, estimated age, sex and body weight from rats and age and sex from cats were recorded. Indirect hemaglutination test was used for the diagnosis of T .gondii. Dilutions were prepared from 1:16 to 1:2048, considering positive a titre over 1/16. IgM antibodies were measured by using 2-Mercaptoethanol to determinate acute infections. The a...

The topography, morphology, ecotexture, echogenicity and architecture of the abdominal organs of four species of wild feline native to Peru were described through ultrasonography to generate ultrasound parameters in the smaller felines and obtain comparative measurements between these species. The felines were in a zoo in Lima, Peru: two ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), two oncillas (L. tigrinus), three margay (L. wiedii) and four Pampas cats (L. colocolo). An Esaote ultrasound equipment, model MyLab One Vet with convex transducer SC3123 was used. The characteristics of the abdominal organs of the studied species were similar in location, shape, echogenicity and ecotexture to those previously described in margay and domestic cats. The dimensions of the organs presented a variation according to the size of each species; being largest in the ocelot, followed by the margay, the Pampas cat, and...

We investigated the microbial community composition in three different mine tunnels from Hualgayoc (Cajamarca, Peru) and the metabolic activity of acidophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria (aSRB) enriched from acidic sediments of the mining tunnels. Microbial community composition in environmental samples was analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Metallibacterium and Acidiphilium were found as the most abundant bacteria in PM1 and PM2 sites, respectively, while Cyanobacteria was abundant in PM3 site. Isosphaera and Pseudomonas thrived in the acidic water of PM2 site as well. Sulfate reduction at low pH was then evaluated in microcosm experiments showing activity even at pH 3.4. Hydrogen was the most favorable electron donor in terms of sulfate reducing rates (0.5 mM day−1 at pH 5.1) and sulfide production (4.9 mM at the end of the experiment). Sequences affiliated to Desulfosporosinus ...

The abdomen of apparently healthy jaguars (Panthera onca) kept in confinement at the Parque de Las Leyendas Zoo (Lima) and the San Juan Zoocriadero (Pucallpa, Peru) was evaluated by ultrasound. The work included the examination of 13 specimens, young and mature, female and male. The specimens were anesthetized with a combination of Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine, and Atipamezole was used as an antidote. The Esaote MyLabOne™ equipment and the 4-9 MHz microconvex transducer were used. The anatomical location, echotexture and architecture of the abdominal organs were evaluated. From the study it was possible to conclude that the ultrasound characteristics of the abdominal organs of Panthera onca specimens are similar to those described for other species of South American wild felines, varying in length, width or thickness in correspondence to the larger size of the jaguar; and that the char...

Acidophilic sulphate-reducing bacteria (aSRB) are widespread anaerobic microorganisms that perform dissimilatory sulphate reduction and have key adaptations to tolerate acidic environments (pH <5.0), such as proton impermeability and Donnan potential. This diverse prokaryotic group is of interest from physiological, ecological, and applicational viewpoints. In this review, we summarize the interactions between aSRB and other microbial guilds, such as syntrophy, and their roles in the biogeochemical cycling of sulphur, iron, carbon, and other elements. We discuss the biotechnological applications of aSRB in treating acid mine drainage (AMD, pH <3), focusing on their ability to produce biogenic sulphide and precipitate metals, particularly in the context of utilizing microbial consortia instead of pure isolates. Metal sulphide nanoparticles recovered after AMD treatment have multiple poten...

The white machín, Cebus albifrons, is a neotropical primate belonging to the Family Cebidae, Subfamily Cebinae. The aim of this study was to determine the ultrasound characteristics and the dimensions of the abdominal organs of the white-fronted capuchin in captivity. It was used four intact adult male specimens in captivity at the Huachipa Zoo and three captive specimens at the Parque de las Leyendas Board of Trustees Zoo (an adult male castrated, an adult female and a juvenile male), both institutions in the city of Lima, Peru. The specimens fasted for six hours; then physical and chemical restraint was carried out using the immobilization protocol established by each zoo. The Pie Medical 100 Falco Vet® ultrasound equipment with 7.5 MHz multifrequential convex transducer and ESAOTE MyLab One Vet with the 4-9 MHz SC312 microconvex transducer were used. The ultrasound images are displa...

The white machín, Cebus albifrons, is a neotropical primate belonging to the Family Cebidae, Subfamily Cebinae. The aim of this study was to determine the ultrasound characteristics and the dimensions of the abdominal organs of the white-fronted capuchin in captivity. It was used four intact adult male specimens in captivity at the Huachipa Zoo and three captive specimens at the Parque de las Leyendas Board of Trustees Zoo (an adult male castrated, an adult female and a juvenile male), both institutions in the city of Lima, Peru. The specimens fasted for six hours; then physical and chemical restraint was carried out using the immobilization protocol established by each zoo. The Pie Medical 100 Falco Vet® ultrasound equipment with 7.5 MHz multifrequential convex transducer and ESAOTE MyLab One Vet with the 4-9 MHz SC312 microconvex transducer were used. The ultrasound images are displa...

The purpose of the study was to detect the frequency of antibodies against Leptospira sp in the wild neck white squirrel population (Sciurus stramineus) caught in the Parque de las Leyendas Zoo, Lima. Thirty five blood samples were collected from neck white squirrels, males and females of various ages that were trapped in various areas in the zoo. Samples were analyzed for antibodies against Leptospira sp by micro agglutination test. The 82.3% (29/35) of animals had antibodies against Leptospira sp of which 60% corresponded to the icterohemorraghiae serovar, followed by georgia (31.4%), canicola (5.7%), and australis (2.8%). None statistical difference between the presence of antibodies against Leptospira sp and the variables sex, age and area of trapping was found. The results indicated that leptospiral infection is present in the neck white squirrels, and the disease poses a health ris...

The purpose of the present study was to determine the frequency of primates (Cebus apella) carrying anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies at the zoo of the Patronato del Parque de las Leyendas, in Lima. Sixty two sera samples were obtained and analyzed by the Indirect Hemaglutination test (HAI) to detect antibodies against T. gondii. The results showed that 90.3% (56/62) sera were positive, and no significant asociation due to sex and age (juvenile and adult) were found. The high rate of positive primates to this parasite could be due to the high number of domestics cats in the premises.

El objetivo del estudio fue detectar la frecuencia de anticuerpos contra Leptospira sp en la población de ardillas nuca blanca (Sciurus stramineus) silvestres capturadas en el zoológico Parque de Las Leyendas, Lima. Se colectó 35 muestras de suero de ardillas nuca blanca de ambos sexos, de diferentes edades y zonas del zoológico, para la detección de anticuerpos contra Leptospira sp mediante la prueba de microaglutinación. El 82.3% (29/35) de animales presentó anticuerpos contra Leptospira sp, donde el 60% correspondió al serovar icterohemorraghiae, seguidos por georgia (31.4%), canicola (5.7%), y australis (2.8%). No hubo diferencia estadística entre la presencia de anticuerpos contra Leptospira sp y las variables sexo, edad y área de captura de las ardillas. Los resultados indican que la infección leptospiral está presente en las ardillas nuca blanca pudiendo constituir un ...

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la frecuencia de portadores de anticuerpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii en primates de la especie Cebus apella en el zoológico del Patronato del Parque de las Leyendas, ubicado en la ciudad de Lima. Se tomaron 62 muestras de suero sanguíneo y se evaluó la presencia de anticuerpos contra T. gondii mediante la prueba de hemaglutinación indirecta (HAI). Se encontró el 90.3% (56/62) de sueros positivos, sin que hubiera diferencia estadística significativa entre sexo o grupos etáreos (juveniles y adultos). Los resultados mostraron una elevada tasa de primates reactores a este parásito, que puede deberse al elevado número de gatos que transitan libremente en los alrededores de los ambientes asignados a los primates.