A Peruvian Hairless puppy dog, two months old, presented a history of regurgitation for a month and progressive loss of body condition since weaning. Clinical examination showed an alert status and poor body condition. The patient received supportive treatment and imagenologic studies were taken: cervical and thoracic radiography, and esophagography, indicating a dilated oesophagus cranial to the heart. Euthanasia was performed at the request of the owner. The animal was subjected to pathological examination, showing the persistence of the fourth right aortic arch and ligament arteriosum that joined the pulmonary artery to the anomalous aorta forming a vascular ring, which resulted in the development of pathological changes, secondary to this alteration in the esophagus and trachea. This case represents the first report of a congenital cardiovascular defect in the Peruvian Hairless Dog.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy guided with trans-abdominal ultrasound is a safe and minimally invasive technique that is used to confirm the diagnosis of prostatic neoplasia. A variation of this technique is a fine-needle biopsy without aspiration in which negative pressure is not exerted when obtaining the material. Four cases with clinical and ultrasound alterations compatible with prostatic neoplasia were evaluated with ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy without aspiration as a diagnostic tool. The procedure was done with conventional ultrasound guidance. When the area of interest was found, an ultrasoundguided sample collection was performed using a 21G x 1½” needle. The sample was expelled through the needle with a syringe onto a glass slide and stained using Tinción 15®. Sample interpretation was based on the identification of tumor cells and general criteria of malignancy. U...

The paper presents actions taken to modify the theoretical characteristics of the course of Medicine of Companion Animals, a mandatory course of the Veterinary Medi- cine and Animal Husbandry career at Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. A practical-theoretical course was organized in pursuit of improving basic knowledge, skills and abilities in the veterinary field, and also for improving cognitive and emotional skills of students through innovative educational methodologies and technologies. These included resolution of clinical cases, critical thinking and creativity, revision, interpretation and analysis of scientific information, contextualized activities in actual practice, support of social activities and technology transfer of scientific information, all within a framework of university education by competences. The assessment of cognitive and emotional abilities wa...

For the study of the radiographic osteology of the Pipa pipe frog, six adult specimens apparently in good health and kept in captivity were used. The MinXray® HF 100 X-ray equipment was used to obtain the radiographic images, analyze the radiographic characteristics and determine the size (length and width) of the head, post-cranial skeleton, shoulder girdle, anterior and posterior limbs. These frogs present the pre-sacral vertebrae I and II fused, and the sacrum fused to the thin urostil. Pipa pipe scapular waist is pseudo-firmisternal. It was possible to identify the bones that make up this region, including the coracoides. The relation between the measures of the tibial-fibula length added to the length of the foot with the corporal length corresponded to 85%.

The objective of the study was to radiologically describe the osteology of the Goeldi’s marmoset (Callimico goeldii). Five individuals reared in captivity, in apparently good health, of the Huachipa Zoological Park (Lima, Peru) were used. They underwent a previous clinical examination to verify the good state of health. The animals were anesthetized and positioned in dorsal and lateral decubitus for radiological evaluation. Likewise, views of the appendicular skeleton were obtained and a record of different exposure values was made to determine their optimum values. The results showed that the optimal exposure values to obtain radiographic images in this species for head and thorax-abdomen were dorso-ventral and lateral views of 50Kv, 20 mA, 0.03 s and for the extremities mediallateral view of 50 kV, 20 mA, 0.02 s. It was evidenced that the tibia and the fibula are fused in their lower...

The objective of the study was to identify leukocyte populations in the postnatal thymus of alpacas under 60 days of age. Euthanasia was performed on six Huacaya alpacas in Huanta province, Ayacucho, Peru. Thymus samples were obtained, embedded in OCT and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70 ºC until processing. Frozen sections were prepared and mounted with organosilane. Immunohistochemistry was performed with mouse primary antibody and rabbit secondary antibodies. The reaction was evidenced using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex and was counter-stained with hematoxylin. Specific monoclonal antibodies were used for the identification of leukocytic subpopulations of the thymus. Five visual fields were randomly evaluated at 400X. The distribution and density of the staining was classified as negative (-), inconstant (±), slight (+), moderate (++) and strong (...

The margay (Leopardus wiedii) has been considered in Appendix I of CITES since 1990, and in the IUCN red list. In Peru it is classified as a "species with insufficient data" within the categorization of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna of the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MINAGRI). The purpose of this study was to describe the morphology and topography of the abdominal organs of the margay in captivity. The work included the six specimens, five females and one male, raised in the Zoological Park of Huachipa, Lima, Peru. The animals were anesthetized to perform the ultrasound technique. A Pie Medical Falco, with a multifrequential transducer of 5-7.5 MHz was used. The topography, shape, ecotexture, margins and architecture of the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, stomach, spleen, urinary bladder and testicles were evaluated. It was concluded that the ultrasonographic characteristics ...

A comparative study of the improvements in cognitive and emotional skills is presented between an outcome-based curriculum, with innovation of active methodologies (2012-II), and a competency-based curriculum (2018-I), aiming to develop generic and specific competences by improving these skills. The evaluation of cognitive and emotional skills was done by adapting the Reuven’s Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory Survey (EQ-i). The survey was conducted twice in each semester. The results were compared to determine if there were improvements between the first and second surveys in each semester and between both curricula. Also, the results of academic indicators were compared. The number of students enrolled was 30 (2012-II) and 27 (2018-I) and the respondent rate exceeded 70%. The result referred to the improvement of cognitive skills, problem solving, showed an almost double improvemen...

Illegal trafficking in birds, especially parrots, is frequent in Peru. The methods of capture and the poor conditions of transport and captivity cause them to suffer trauma and physical injuries, which can damage bone structures. These animals are confiscated and sent to rescue centres to rehabilitate them for their reintroduction. In the present study, the radiographic records of nine parrots from a rescue centre in Tingo María, Peru (Ara chloropterus, Amazona farinosa, Ara macao and Pionus menstruus [one per species], two Ara militatis, and three Ara ararauna) were evaluated. Most of the injuries occurred in the forelimb (77%), especially in the distal portion (44%); the radius and ulna being the most affected. The most common complications were exuberant bony callus, poor consolidation and osteomyelitis; and the clinical sequelae were loss of flight capacity and marked claudication. ...

The topography, morphology, ecotexture, echogenicity and architecture of the abdominal organs of four species of wild feline native to Peru were described through ultrasonography to generate ultrasound parameters in the smaller felines and obtain comparative measurements between these species. The felines were in a zoo in Lima, Peru: two ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), two oncillas (L. tigrinus), three margay (L. wiedii) and four Pampas cats (L. colocolo). An Esaote ultrasound equipment, model MyLab One Vet with convex transducer SC3123 was used. The characteristics of the abdominal organs of the studied species were similar in location, shape, echogenicity and ecotexture to those previously described in margay and domestic cats. The dimensions of the organs presented a variation according to the size of each species; being largest in the ocelot, followed by the margay, the Pampas cat, and...

The white machín, Cebus albifrons, is a neotropical primate belonging to the Family Cebidae, Subfamily Cebinae. The aim of this study was to determine the ultrasound characteristics and the dimensions of the abdominal organs of the white-fronted capuchin in captivity. It was used four intact adult male specimens in captivity at the Huachipa Zoo and three captive specimens at the Parque de las Leyendas Board of Trustees Zoo (an adult male castrated, an adult female and a juvenile male), both institutions in the city of Lima, Peru. The specimens fasted for six hours; then physical and chemical restraint was carried out using the immobilization protocol established by each zoo. The Pie Medical 100 Falco Vet® ultrasound equipment with 7.5 MHz multifrequential convex transducer and ESAOTE MyLab One Vet with the 4-9 MHz SC312 microconvex transducer were used. The ultrasound images are displa...

A medical follow-up on 11 patients with clinical signs compatible with extra-genital canine venereal transmissible tumor was conducted from June 2003 to August 2009. The canines were evaluated and further medical procedures such as radiographies, ultrasounds, cytology and histopathology were performed to confirm the diagnosis. The nasal tumor was the most common presentation (9/11) and unilateral epistaxis was the most common clinical sign (7). Only one case of bilateral epistaxis was observed. Bloody discharge was the only clinical sign observed in cases where the lesion was located in the uterine stump (1) or anus (1). The clinical signs lasted in average 2.8 months (0.5-12 months). The ultrasound and radiographic procedures were helpful in determining the presentation, location and size of the lesions; the cytology and histopathology showed to be suitable clinical procedures to determ...

Se realizó el seguimiento médico a 11 pacientes caninos atendidos entre junio de 2003 y agosto 2009 con historia o signos clínicos compatibles con tumor venéreo transmisible (TVT) canino de ubicación extragenital. Se les hizo pruebas radiográficas y ecográficas, y se les tomó muestras para análisis citológicos, histopatológicos y de laboratorio clínico. La presentación de TVT en cavidad nasal fue la más frecuente (9/11), donde la epistaxis unilateral fue el signo clínico más común (7). Solo se observó un caso de epistaxis bilateral. La descarga sanguinolenta fue el único signo observado en los casos donde la lesión se ubicó en muñón uterino (1) o en el ano (1). La duración de los signos clínicos fue de 2.8 meses (0.5 a 12 meses). Los procedimientos ecográficos y radiográficos fueron de gran ayuda para determinar la presencia, ubicación y tamaño de las lesione...

Un canino de la raza Perro sin Pelo del Perú, de dos meses de edad, fue atendido con historia de regurgitación por un mes y pérdida progresiva de su condición corporal desde el destete. Al examen clínico presentó un estado de alerta y baja condición corporal. El paciente recibió tratamiento de sostén y se le realizó estudios imagenológicos, radiografía cervical, torácica y esofagografía, evidenciando una dilatación de esófago craneal al corazón. Se realizó la eutanasia a solicitud del propietario. En el examen anatomopatológico, se evidenció la persistencia del cuarto arco aórtico derecho y un ligamento arterioso que unía la arteria pulmonar a la aorta anómala formando un anillo vascular que produjo el desarrollo de cambios anatomopatológicos secundarios comunes a esta alteración en esófago y tráquea. Este caso constituye el primer reporte de un defecto congén...

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy guided with trans-abdominal ultrasound is a safe and minimally invasive technique that is used to confirm the diagnosis of prostatic neoplasia. A variation of this technique is a fine-needle biopsy without aspiration in which negative pressure is not exerted when obtaining the material. Four cases with clinical and ultrasound alterations compatible with prostatic neoplasia were evaluated with ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy without aspiration as a diagnostic tool. The procedure was done with conventional ultrasound guidance. When the area of interest was found, an ultrasoundguided sample collection was performed using a 21G x 1½” needle. The sample was expelled through the needle with a syringe onto a glass slide and stained using Tinción 15®. Sample interpretation was based on the identification of tumor cells and general criteria of malignancy. U...

The paper presents actions taken to modify the theoretical characteristics of the course of Medicine of Companion Animals, a mandatory course of the Veterinary Medi- cine and Animal Husbandry career at Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. A practical-theoretical course was organized in pursuit of improving basic knowledge, skills and abilities in the veterinary field, and also for improving cognitive and emotional skills of students through innovative educational methodologies and technologies. These included resolution of clinical cases, critical thinking and creativity, revision, interpretation and analysis of scientific information, contextualized activities in actual practice, support of social activities and technology transfer of scientific information, all within a framework of university education by competences. The assessment of cognitive and emotional abilities wa...

For the study of the radiographic osteology of the Pipa pipe frog, six adult specimens apparently in good health and kept in captivity were used. The MinXray® HF 100 X-ray equipment was used to obtain the radiographic images, analyze the radiographic characteristics and determine the size (length and width) of the head, post-cranial skeleton, shoulder girdle, anterior and posterior limbs. These frogs present the pre-sacral vertebrae I and II fused, and the sacrum fused to the thin urostil. Pipa pipe scapular waist is pseudo-firmisternal. It was possible to identify the bones that make up this region, including the coracoides. The relation between the measures of the tibial-fibula length added to the length of the foot with the corporal length corresponded to 85%.

The objective of the study was to radiologically describe the osteology of the Goeldi’s marmoset (Callimico goeldii). Five individuals reared in captivity, in apparently good health, of the Huachipa Zoological Park (Lima, Peru) were used. They underwent a previous clinical examination to verify the good state of health. The animals were anesthetized and positioned in dorsal and lateral decubitus for radiological evaluation. Likewise, views of the appendicular skeleton were obtained and a record of different exposure values was made to determine their optimum values. The results showed that the optimal exposure values to obtain radiographic images in this species for head and thorax-abdomen were dorso-ventral and lateral views of 50Kv, 20 mA, 0.03 s and for the extremities mediallateral view of 50 kV, 20 mA, 0.02 s. It was evidenced that the tibia and the fibula are fused in their lower...

The objective of the study was to identify leukocyte populations in the postnatal thymus of alpacas under 60 days of age. Euthanasia was performed on six Huacaya alpacas in Huanta province, Ayacucho, Peru. Thymus samples were obtained, embedded in OCT and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70 ºC until processing. Frozen sections were prepared and mounted with organosilane. Immunohistochemistry was performed with mouse primary antibody and rabbit secondary antibodies. The reaction was evidenced using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex and was counter-stained with hematoxylin. Specific monoclonal antibodies were used for the identification of leukocytic subpopulations of the thymus. Five visual fields were randomly evaluated at 400X. The distribution and density of the staining was classified as negative (-), inconstant (±), slight (+), moderate (++) and strong (...

The margay (Leopardus wiedii) has been considered in Appendix I of CITES since 1990, and in the IUCN red list. In Peru it is classified as a "species with insufficient data" within the categorization of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna of the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MINAGRI). The purpose of this study was to describe the morphology and topography of the abdominal organs of the margay in captivity. The work included the six specimens, five females and one male, raised in the Zoological Park of Huachipa, Lima, Peru. The animals were anesthetized to perform the ultrasound technique. A Pie Medical Falco, with a multifrequential transducer of 5-7.5 MHz was used. The topography, shape, ecotexture, margins and architecture of the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, stomach, spleen, urinary bladder and testicles were evaluated. It was concluded that the ultrasonographic characteristics ...