The objective of the study was to radiologically describe the osteology of the Goeldi’s marmoset (Callimico goeldii). Five individuals reared in captivity, in apparently good health, of the Huachipa Zoological Park (Lima, Peru) were used. They underwent a previous clinical examination to verify the good state of health. The animals were anesthetized and positioned in dorsal and lateral decubitus for radiological evaluation. Likewise, views of the appendicular skeleton were obtained and a record of different exposure values was made to determine their optimum values. The results showed that the optimal exposure values to obtain radiographic images in this species for head and thorax-abdomen were dorso-ventral and lateral views of 50Kv, 20 mA, 0.03 s and for the extremities mediallateral view of 50 kV, 20 mA, 0.02 s. It was evidenced that the tibia and the fibula are fused in their lower...

Tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) is a mammal that belongs to the superorder Xenarthra, family Myrmecophagidae, lonely animal with crepuscular habits. The objective of the study was to describe the topography, morphology, and location of the abdominal organs through an ultrasound evaluation. Five specimens of T. tetradactyla in captivity from the Huachipa Zoological Park, Lima, Peru (three adult males and two juveniles), in apparent good health conditions were used. A Pie Medical Ultrasound Falco Vet® Model 100 with a multifrequency convex transducer of 5-7.5 MHz was used. The topography, margins, shape, dimensions, echotexture and echogenicity of the abdominal organs were evaluated. The results did not differ from those found in dogs of the same size and weight. However, it has been found that the tamandua, like the Hoffmann's two-toed sloth lazy bear (Choloepus hoffmanni), has intra-ab...

Illegal trafficking in birds, especially parrots, is frequent in Peru. The methods of capture and the poor conditions of transport and captivity cause them to suffer trauma and physical injuries, which can damage bone structures. These animals are confiscated and sent to rescue centres to rehabilitate them for their reintroduction. In the present study, the radiographic records of nine parrots from a rescue centre in Tingo María, Peru (Ara chloropterus, Amazona farinosa, Ara macao and Pionus menstruus [one per species], two Ara militatis, and three Ara ararauna) were evaluated. Most of the injuries occurred in the forelimb (77%), especially in the distal portion (44%); the radius and ulna being the most affected. The most common complications were exuberant bony callus, poor consolidation and osteomyelitis; and the clinical sequelae were loss of flight capacity and marked claudication. ...

The objective of the study was to radiologically describe the osteology of the Goeldi’s marmoset (Callimico goeldii). Five individuals reared in captivity, in apparently good health, of the Huachipa Zoological Park (Lima, Peru) were used. They underwent a previous clinical examination to verify the good state of health. The animals were anesthetized and positioned in dorsal and lateral decubitus for radiological evaluation. Likewise, views of the appendicular skeleton were obtained and a record of different exposure values was made to determine their optimum values. The results showed that the optimal exposure values to obtain radiographic images in this species for head and thorax-abdomen were dorso-ventral and lateral views of 50Kv, 20 mA, 0.03 s and for the extremities mediallateral view of 50 kV, 20 mA, 0.02 s. It was evidenced that the tibia and the fibula are fused in their lower...

El tamandúa (Tamandua tetradactyla) es un mamífero que pertenece al superorden Xenarthra, familia Myrmecophagidae, animales solitarios y de hábitos crepusculares. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la topografía, morfología y ubicación de los órganos abdominales mediante una evaluación ecográfica. Se emplearon cinco especímenes de T. tetradactyla criados en cautiverio del Parque Zoológico Huachipa, Lima, Perú (tres machos adultos y dos juveniles), en aparente buen estado de salud. Se utilizó un ecógrafo Pie Medical modelo 100 Falco Vet® con transductor convexo multifrecuencial de 5-7.5 MHz. Se evaluó la topografía, márgenes, forma, dimensiones, ecotextura y ecogenicidad de los órganos abdominales. Los resultados obtenidos no difieren de los encontrados en individuos de especie canina de la misma talla y peso. Sin embargo, se ha encontrado que el tamandúa, al igual ...

Illegal trafficking in birds, especially parrots, is frequent in Peru. The methods of capture and the poor conditions of transport and captivity cause them to suffer trauma and physical injuries, which can damage bone structures. These animals are confiscated and sent to rescue centres to rehabilitate them for their reintroduction. In the present study, the radiographic records of nine parrots from a rescue centre in Tingo María, Peru (Ara chloropterus, Amazona farinosa, Ara macao and Pionus menstruus [one per species], two Ara militatis, and three Ara ararauna) were evaluated. Most of the injuries occurred in the forelimb (77%), especially in the distal portion (44%); the radius and ulna being the most affected. The most common complications were exuberant bony callus, poor consolidation and osteomyelitis; and the clinical sequelae were loss of flight capacity and marked claudication. ...

Adult specimens of Choloepus hoffmanni, 14 females and 5 males, bred in captivity, in apparent good health, were used to perform an ultrasound evaluation of the abdominal and pelvic organs using the ESAOTE MyLab One Vet ultrasound scanner with SC3123 convex transducer, 9-4 MHz. The results indicate that the ultrasound characteristics and dimensions of the abdominal organs of C. hoffmanni are very similar to those observed in the tamandua and other companion animals of similar size; however, it differs from other species in that the liver has less echogenicity than the kidney, the stomach is large, and the testicles are located intra-pelvically; and the fullness of the stomach and urinary bladder can affect the topographic location and visualization of other abdominal organs.

For the study of the radiographic osteology of the Pipa pipe frog, six adult specimens apparently in good health and kept in captivity were used. The MinXray® HF 100 X-ray equipment was used to obtain the radiographic images, analyze the radiographic characteristics and determine the size (length and width) of the head, post-cranial skeleton, shoulder girdle, anterior and posterior limbs. These frogs present the pre-sacral vertebrae I and II fused, and the sacrum fused to the thin urostil. Pipa pipe scapular waist is pseudo-firmisternal. It was possible to identify the bones that make up this region, including the coracoides. The relation between the measures of the tibial-fibula length added to the length of the foot with the corporal length corresponded to 85%.

The margay (Leopardus wiedii) has been considered in Appendix I of CITES since 1990, and in the IUCN red list. In Peru it is classified as a "species with insufficient data" within the categorization of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna of the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MINAGRI). The purpose of this study was to describe the morphology and topography of the abdominal organs of the margay in captivity. The work included the six specimens, five females and one male, raised in the Zoological Park of Huachipa, Lima, Peru. The animals were anesthetized to perform the ultrasound technique. A Pie Medical Falco, with a multifrequential transducer of 5-7.5 MHz was used. The topography, shape, ecotexture, margins and architecture of the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, stomach, spleen, urinary bladder and testicles were evaluated. It was concluded that the ultrasonographic characteristics ...

The topography, morphology, ecotexture, echogenicity and architecture of the abdominal organs of four species of wild feline native to Peru were described through ultrasonography to generate ultrasound parameters in the smaller felines and obtain comparative measurements between these species. The felines were in a zoo in Lima, Peru: two ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), two oncillas (L. tigrinus), three margay (L. wiedii) and four Pampas cats (L. colocolo). An Esaote ultrasound equipment, model MyLab One Vet with convex transducer SC3123 was used. The characteristics of the abdominal organs of the studied species were similar in location, shape, echogenicity and ecotexture to those previously described in margay and domestic cats. The dimensions of the organs presented a variation according to the size of each species; being largest in the ocelot, followed by the margay, the Pampas cat, and...

The aim of this study was to characterize ultrasound images of the abdominal and pelvic organs of the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) in captivity. Eight adult specimens (3 males and 2 females) from the Patronato del Parque de las Leyendas zoo (Lima, Peru) and two males from the Mundo Natural Rescue Center (Tingo María, Peru) were evaluated. A MyLab OneVet (Esaote) ultrasound machine with a 4-9 MHz convex transducer was used. The kidney was found to have a multilobed shape, similar to that of other ursids and domestic bovines. The ultrasonographic and topographic characteristics of the abdominal organs, as well as of the testes, are similar to those described in other domestic carnivorous species, with variations proportional to the larger size of the species. The testis has a little marked and discontinuous mediastinum testis.

For the study of the radiographic osteology of the Pipa pipe frog, six adult specimens apparently in good health and kept in captivity were used. The MinXray® HF 100 X-ray equipment was used to obtain the radiographic images, analyze the radiographic characteristics and determine the size (length and width) of the head, post-cranial skeleton, shoulder girdle, anterior and posterior limbs. These frogs present the pre-sacral vertebrae I and II fused, and the sacrum fused to the thin urostil. Pipa pipe scapular waist is pseudo-firmisternal. It was possible to identify the bones that make up this region, including the coracoides. The relation between the measures of the tibial-fibula length added to the length of the foot with the corporal length corresponded to 85%.

The margay (Leopardus wiedii) has been considered in Appendix I of CITES since 1990, and in the IUCN red list. In Peru it is classified as a "species with insufficient data" within the categorization of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna of the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MINAGRI). The purpose of this study was to describe the morphology and topography of the abdominal organs of the margay in captivity. The work included the six specimens, five females and one male, raised in the Zoological Park of Huachipa, Lima, Peru. The animals were anesthetized to perform the ultrasound technique. A Pie Medical Falco, with a multifrequential transducer of 5-7.5 MHz was used. The topography, shape, ecotexture, margins and architecture of the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, stomach, spleen, urinary bladder and testicles were evaluated. It was concluded that the ultrasonographic characteristics ...

The topography, morphology, ecotexture, echogenicity and architecture of the abdominal organs of four species of wild feline native to Peru were described through ultrasonography to generate ultrasound parameters in the smaller felines and obtain comparative measurements between these species. The felines were in a zoo in Lima, Peru: two ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), two oncillas (L. tigrinus), three margay (L. wiedii) and four Pampas cats (L. colocolo). An Esaote ultrasound equipment, model MyLab One Vet with convex transducer SC3123 was used. The characteristics of the abdominal organs of the studied species were similar in location, shape, echogenicity and ecotexture to those previously described in margay and domestic cats. The dimensions of the organs presented a variation according to the size of each species; being largest in the ocelot, followed by the margay, the Pampas cat, and...

The white machín, Cebus albifrons, is a neotropical primate belonging to the Family Cebidae, Subfamily Cebinae. The aim of this study was to determine the ultrasound characteristics and the dimensions of the abdominal organs of the white-fronted capuchin in captivity. It was used four intact adult male specimens in captivity at the Huachipa Zoo and three captive specimens at the Parque de las Leyendas Board of Trustees Zoo (an adult male castrated, an adult female and a juvenile male), both institutions in the city of Lima, Peru. The specimens fasted for six hours; then physical and chemical restraint was carried out using the immobilization protocol established by each zoo. The Pie Medical 100 Falco Vet® ultrasound equipment with 7.5 MHz multifrequential convex transducer and ESAOTE MyLab One Vet with the 4-9 MHz SC312 microconvex transducer were used. The ultrasound images are displa...

The white machín, Cebus albifrons, is a neotropical primate belonging to the Family Cebidae, Subfamily Cebinae. The aim of this study was to determine the ultrasound characteristics and the dimensions of the abdominal organs of the white-fronted capuchin in captivity. It was used four intact adult male specimens in captivity at the Huachipa Zoo and three captive specimens at the Parque de las Leyendas Board of Trustees Zoo (an adult male castrated, an adult female and a juvenile male), both institutions in the city of Lima, Peru. The specimens fasted for six hours; then physical and chemical restraint was carried out using the immobilization protocol established by each zoo. The Pie Medical 100 Falco Vet® ultrasound equipment with 7.5 MHz multifrequential convex transducer and ESAOTE MyLab One Vet with the 4-9 MHz SC312 microconvex transducer were used. The ultrasound images are displa...