This study evaluated the accumulation of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cr(VI) by colonies of Nostoc commune "murmunta", carried out in hydroponics, the quantification of Cd(II) and Pb(II) was performed by Anodic Stripping voltammetry and for Cr(VI) by spectrophotometry with diphenylcarbazide. A total of 330 colonies of cyanobacteria were distributed in 10 experimental groups. For the determination of the accumulation of Cd(II) and Pb(II) sampleswere taken from the internal fluid of the colonies of cyanobacteria, selected at random, every 3 days for a period of 21 days and in the case of the Cr(VI) every 4 days for a period of 28 days. The results demonstrated that the colonies develop without being subjected to strict growing conditions or prior treatments and are very easy to collect. The greatest concentration of accumulated Pb(II) was 80,40 mg/L on the twelfth day (container with 160 mg/L), equi...

Natural antioxidants, such as fruits and vegetables, can neutralize an excess of free radicals in the organism and prevent certain degenerative diseases. Blackberries are known to exhibit antioxidant properties, but this fruit is seldom consumed or commercialized in Peru. The objective of this research study was to determine the total anthocyanins (TA), total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant capacity of lyophilized Rubus robustus C. Presl (wild blackberries) in the region of Arequipa - Peru. The pH-differential method, the Folin- Ciocalteu method and the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) method were used to this end. Results showed a TA content of 52 ± 1.86 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside/100 g of lyophilized Rubus robustus C. Presl. Furthermore, the TP content was of 219.11 ± 8.23 mg gallic acid/100 g of the lyophilized fruit. The percentage of DPPH discolorati...

El uso de bifenilos policlorados (BPC) representa una amenaza al medio ambiente y a la salud de los seres vivos incluyendo al ser humano, por lo cual, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo biodegradar aeróbicamente una mezcla de BPC mediante el empleo de Pseudomona aeruginosa. Para ello se desarrolló un ensayo de biodegradación, así como un método analítico por Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Performance (HPLC) para cuantificar Aroclor 1221, 1242 y 1254 resultando ser lineal (R2>0.995), preciso (CV<2.7 %), exacto con porcentajes de recuperación mayores de 80 % con límites de detección de 0.006, 0.02 y 0.18 mg/L y límites de cuantificación de 0.35, 0.67 y 0.65 mg/L para Aroclor 1221, 1242 y 1254, logrando porcentajes de biodegradación de 97.62% y 97.40% para Aroclor 1221 y 1242 respectivamente, siendo estos valores mayores que los reportados en estudios anteriores, y 2...

En la presente investigación se optimizó la biosorción de Cd (II) y Pb (II) en endocarpio de Olea europea, para ello se evaluaron factores como tamaño de partícula, pH, pretratamiento ácido o básico y concentración inicial de ambos metales. Se utilizó un sistema de agitación tipo Batch donde se determinó que el tiempo al cual la remoción de ambos metales alcanza el equilibro fue de 40 minutos. El diseño factorial dio como resultado que el tamaño de partícula adecuado para el proceso de biosorción es de 75-150 μm y un pretratamiento básico con NaOH, siendo este último el factor de mayor importancia en la remoción de ambos metales. La optimización por el Método de Superficie Respuesta (MSR) dio como resultado que el pH=6,1 y concentración inicial de 88.3 mg/L son las condiciones óptimas para lograr remociones máximas de 28.1 y 58.5 mg/L para Cd (II) y Pb (II) respe...

Introducción: La dismenorrea es un problema de salud pública que actualmente afecta a la mayoría de las mujeres. Algunos estudios se han enfocado en el efecto del uso de la medicina tradicional sobre los síntomas de la dismenorrea obteniendo resultados satisfactorios. Objetivo: Determinar los efectos del Foeniculum vulgare (Hinojo) sobre los síntomas, intensidad del dolor y la duración de la menstruación en estudiantes que padecen de dismenorrea primaria en la Facultad de Obstetricia y Puericultura de la Universidad Católica de Santa María de Arequipa. Material y métodos: Diseño experimental con dos grupos de 24 estudiantes cada uno. Presentaron edades entre 18 a 25 años, con ciclos menstruales regulares y sin alteraciones físicas con dismenorrea primaria según la Escala de Lerroy y la Escala Visual Analógica; consumieron 226 mg encapsuladas de Hinojo d...

Arsenate As(V) is a toxic contaminant commonly found in aquifers and groundwater that poses significant risks to human health. The effective treatment of arseniccontaminated water is therefore crucial for safeguarding public health. This study investigates removing As(V) using iron oxide-coated ignimbrite in batch experiments by varying the adsorbent dosage, initial As(V) concentration, contact time, and system temperature. The adsorption experiments revealed that the Langmuir isotherm model better fit the data (R2 = 0.99) than the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.73). According to the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of As(V) on the iron oxide-coated ignimbrite was 4.84 mg·g −1 ± 0.12 mg·g −1 of As(V), with a standard deviation of ±0.05 mg·g −1 after 2 h of exposure with 0.15 g/50 mL iron oxide-coated ignimbrite adsorbent concentration. In the kinetic analysis, the pse...

The use of organophosphates (OPPs) in agriculture is an environmental problem due to their persistence in the environment, affecting non-target species, including human beings. For this reason, this study evaluated the degradation of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and profenofos (PFF) simultaneously in soils at sublethal concentrations in the presence of Eisenia foetida (EF) and a native bacterial consortium (NBC). For this, we first studied the avoidance behavior of EF to soils contaminated with CPF and PFF by calculating the percentage avoidance response (AR%), f inding that EF presents an avoidance behavior to soils contaminated with CPF (6.45 to 65.5 mg/kg) and PFF (2.26 to 112.95 mg/kg) and their mixture, giving values of AR% (+). EF did not show avoidance behavior with AR% (-) values when melon rinds were added as substrate making it feasible to study the degradation of CPF and PFF at concentr...

Lepidium meyenii (Maca) is a native resource of the central Andes of Peru that has achieved international importance due to its medicinal properties. The main active components presents in this plant are the macamides, secondary amides formed by benzylamine and a rest of fatty acid, with variable lengths of chain and degree of unsaturation. In the present work were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD, N (3 metoxibenzyl)-tetradecanamide(1), Nbenzylhexadecanamide(2), N-(3-metoxibenzyl) hexadecanamide(3), N-benzyl-octadecanamide(5), N-benzyltetracosanamide(11); present in the pentanic extracts obtained by liquid-liquid continuous partition of methanolic extracts of yellow, black and red ecotypes. It was required a process of adaptation and standardization of the chromatographic analytical technique using a stationary C-18 and a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water acidified app...

This research aimed to remove Cd (II), Cr (VI), Ni (II), Pb (II), and V (V) from aqueous solutions prepared in distilled water using “Chacco” clay from the Peruvian highlands as adsorbent. The adsorption process was carried out in Batch type systems for 120 min using solutions of each metal at a concentration of 5 mg/L in aqueous systems of a single metal or monometallic (MAS) and solutions of the five metals simultaneously or multimetallic (MMAS). For this purpose, the “Chacco” clay was first characterized by SEM-EDS analysis, finding a laminated clay structure with an elemental composition of C, Al, Fe, Na, Mg, Ca, K, As, Cu, Pd, O, and Ta. The results using 10 g/L of “Chacco” clay showed that the best adsorption efficiency in both MAS and MMAS aqueous systems is achieved at pH = 4 achieving in MAS aqueous systems the removal of 64.16 ± 0.98 % of Cd (II), 95.70 ± 0.81 % o...

The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil is an important parameter since it is an indicator of the fertility and physicochemical quality of the soil. There are several methods to find and estimate the CEC of soils. This work aims to compare the direct ammonium distillation method and the exchangeable base summation method based on the analysis of 65 samples taken from 0 to 0.20 m depth of soils in the northern and western areas of Honduras. Initially, the analyses of pH, % organic matter, % clay, and exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K, and Na) extracted with ammonium acetate at pH 7.00 were carried out. In addition, they were determined by atomic absorption, exchangeable acidity (H and Al), extracted with 1N KCl determined by titration. Subsequently, the CEC was determined by direct method of soil washing and ammonium distillation. The data was subjected to Pearson correlation analysis and ...

Lactobionic acid (LBA) is a polyhydroxy acid with attractive properties in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, medical, and chemical industries, making it a versatile product with multiple applications, which supports the various studies aimed at its production by increasingly more simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly processes. For this reason, the purpose of this research was to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by a synthesis process using Myrciaria dubia (Camu camu) fruit extract. Subsequently, AuNPs were used to produce LBA from lactose. The results demonstrate that the Myrciaria dubia extract manages to synthesize AuNPs that were characterized by UV/vis spectrophotometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Zetasizer. LBA was quantified by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and ion chromatography. The results showed that AuNPs succeeded in producing LBA from lactose s...