La evitación experiencial (EE) —o (in)flexibilidad psicológica— es un concepto central en las terapias contextuales y ha sido propuesta como una dimensión transdiagnóstica de la psicopatología. En el presente estudio, se buscó probar si la EE y otras estrategias de afrontamiento predicen independientemente la ansiedad-estado y la ansiedad-rasgo. Se aplicó un conjunto de medidas (el AAQ-II, una versión modificada del COPE breve, y el IDARE) a 284 estudiantes de pregrado de una universidad pública de Lima. De acuerdo con los resultados, la ansiedad (estado y rasgo) mostró correlaciones significativas con la EE, la baja actitud de solución de problemas, la autoculpa y el uso de sustancias. Sin embargo, al someter estas variables a análisis de regresión múltiple, solo la EE, la baja actitud de solución de problemas y la autoculpa resultaron predictores significativos de la...

Background: Cognitive fusion is a core concept in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. The Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) was developed as a unidimensional measure that would overcome the limitations of previous endeavors. Method: The current study analyzed the factor structure of the CFQ in Peruvian undergraduates (n = 450, 53% female). It also examined whether such structure was invariant between males and females. Results: Data supported the hypothesized unidimensionality, as well as strict invariance. No difference was found between males and females regarding the latent means of cognitive fusion. Reliability of the scale was high (ω = .916). Conclusion:Suggestions are made that future studies a) include other measures alongside the CFQ, b) examine the quality of the CFQ at different levels of the construct, and c) test whether or not different...

Background: The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) is the most widely used measure of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, two core emotion regulation strategies. However, the original ERQ has complex wording, which may make it difficult for readers of lower educational levels. Objective: We aimed to examine the psychometric properties of a simplified version of the ERQ, initially designed for children and adolescents: the ERQ-CA. Method: A sample of 397 Mexican adults was studied (77.3% women, 22.7% men; mean age = 22.84). A confirmatory factor analysis, as well as a graded response model, were used to study the internal functioning of the instrument. In addition, its associations with three psychopathological variables (anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation) were examined. Results: A 9-item version of the ERQ-CA showed adequate f...

Background: the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ) is a global measure of repetitive negative thinking, a core transdiagnostic dimension of mental health. Objectives: this study sought to examine the factor structure, reliability, and evidence of associative validity of the PTQ in Peruvian undergraduates. Method: data from 240 undergraduates (Mage = 20.33, 59% female) were evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis. After finding the best factor structure, reliability was estimated with coefficient omega. The correlation between the PTQ’s latent variable and cognitive fusion was examined as evidence of associative validity. Results: the PTQ proved to be essentially unidimensional since acceptable fit was obtained by the one-factor model with three correlations between errors (CFI = .945; RMSEA = .079). Reliability was high (ω = .927). The correlation between the PTQ and cogni...

 The overlap between depression and anxiety is a widely-replicated finding in mental health research. The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS-21) were developed to maximize the discrimination between these constructs. However, research suggests that DASS-21 predominantly measure an overall factor of emotional distress. In this study, DASS-21 were translated and applied to 353 university students (Mage = 20.42; 61% women) from Lima, Peru. The confirmatory factorial analysis supported a bifactor model, but additional analyses revealed that the data were essentially one-dimensional. Moreover, when the items were subjected to a bifactor exploratory analysis, some did not load into their original specific factors. The conclusion was that DASS-21 must be interpreted as a global dimension of emotional distress.

La constante migración de las personas del campo hacia la ciudad ha conllevado a un alto crecimiento demográfico en las ciudades del mundo. Según datos de la Organización de la Naciones Unidas (ONU) el 54.6% de las personas viven en las ciudades por las oportunidades que éstas brindan. Sobre este trasfondo, la ONU pronostica que para el año 2050, el 70% de población vivirá en ciudades. Las ciudades de Ecuador no están muy alejadas de esta realidad lo que genera gran preocupación. El objetivo de esta investigación fue desarrollar un marco de trabajo enfocado en la evaluación de los principales servicios de ciudades en vías de desarrollo a fin de determinar las principales fortalezas, debilidades y oportunidades que tiene una ciudad en términos de ciudad inteligente. La metodología desarrollada se basó en el modelo de ciudad inteligente propuesto por Boyd Cohen, contempla c...

Depression is a major public health problem that affects a significant proportion of young adults, such as college students. A process-based approach has been proposed for its study, which seeks to identify transdiagnostic psychological variables that can be the target of change in psychotherapeutic interventions. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the interrelation between a set of process variables (cognitive fusion, rumination, and experiential avoidance), as well as to examine the relationship between each of these variables and depression in 368 college students aged 18–29 years (M = 21.35, SD = 2.36, 77.7% female). Cognitive fusion and rumination were found to comprise an overarching variable termed hyperreflexivity, while experiential avoidance constituted a different construct. By analyzing a structural equation model, it was found that only hyperreflexivity predicted dep...

Los encargados de formular políticas de salud pública deben neutralizar las creencias erróneas basadas en información engañosa a través de la educación basada en evidencia sobre la seguridad y la eficacia de las vacunas. Se debe enfatizar la transparencia del gobierno y proporcionar corrección fáctica para las noticias falsas difundidas a través de las redes sociales. Además, los hallazgos de la ciencia sobre la COVID-19 deben transmitirse de manera más receptiva e inductora de emociones, con un lenguaje sencillo, fácil de entender y comprensible. Los resultados permiten tener conocimiento preliminar para identificar la cantidad de personas que corren el riesgo de creer en conspiraciones sobre las vacunas, prevenir el desarrollo de nuevas creencias de conspiración y disipar las creencias existentes para promover estrategias de intervención frente a la COVID-19.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPN por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.

Introduction: The current tendency regarding psychometric assessment is to use brief versions of measurement tools. Objective: The present study sought to compare the psychometric properties of various versions in the length of the Invalidating Children Environment Scale (ICES). Method: Three hundred and twelve Peruvian university students participated as a sample. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed, and internal consistency was considered the reliability method. Results: The proposal with the best-fit indices was the brief version with nine items compared to the original version (14 items). Adequate internal consistency coefficients were determined for the scale factors. Finally, convergent and divergent validity were obtained through significant associations with the constructs of anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Various versions ...

According to national and international assessment results, there is a serious problem regarding global reading comprehension. However, there is disagreement over the instruments used to assess such skills. The goal of this study is to evaluate global reading comprehension in third graders. With the use of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), an instrument of 30 items and three factors was confirmed: main ideas, inferences, and contextualization of the concept; the instrument was applied to 803 students. We also found that the same construct is appropriate for different contextual variables (gender, shifts, and socioeconomic status). As result, CFA offers a satisfactory solution in both the factorial structure of the scales and the levels of internal consistency.

La empatía es conceptualizada como la conciencia de las emociones y cogniciones de los demás y resulta importante en el contexto escolar para el favorecimiento de la convivencia y prevención de conductas agresivas. En ese sentido, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo examinar las evidencias de validez, fiabilidad e invarianza factorial de una escala breve de empatía básica (BES) en niños peruanos. Por ende, participaron 838 niños y niñas entre 8 y 12 años de edad (M = 9.95; DE = 1.13) de seis instituciones educativas, algunos colegios fueron utilizados para el análisis exploratorio y otros para confirmar. Se administró la BES que fue adaptada para niños (BES-I). Respecto al análisis de datos, se efectuó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFC), además del análisis de invarianza factorial, para finalmente examinar la fiabilidad mediante el coefici...

La empatía es conceptualizada como la conciencia de las emociones y cogniciones de los demás y resulta importante en el contexto escolar para el favorecimiento de la convivencia y prevención de conductas agresivas. En ese sentido, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo examinar las evidencias de validez, fiabilidad e invarianza factorial de una escala breve de empatía básica (BES) en niños peruanos. Por ende, participaron 838 niños y niñas entre 8 y 12 años de edad (M = 9.95; DE = 1.13) de seis instituciones educativas, algunos colegios fueron utilizados para el análisis exploratorio y otros para confirmar. Se administró la BES que fue adaptada para niños (BES-I). Respecto al análisis de datos, se efectuó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFC), además del análisis de invarianza factorial, para finalmente examinar la fiabilidad mediante el coefici...

Background: Technology has revolutionized mental health, enabling access to diverse and more accessible therapies. Telepsychology interventions, such as self-guided ones, offer personalized treatments through digital platforms. Although long-term studies are limited, these approaches have shown effectiveness in various disorders. Modality and the specific disorder influence the effectiveness of these therapies. Understanding and identifying factors that influence the abandonment of self-guided treatments is crucial to improving their design and increasing the likelihood of their completion. Objective: This study seeks to identify factors that influence the abandonment of self-guided treatments for emotional problems related to stress and trauma. With this, it is possible to include tools that improve the effectiveness of these treatments. Methods: The sample included 89 ad...

The presence of a significant number of people who do not intend to be vaccinated could negatively impact efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study sought to determine the prevalence of intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and associated sociodemographic and psychosocial factors in thirteen countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). A total of 5510 people from 13 LAC countries participated. Frequencies, percentages, bivariate analyses using chi-square tests, and Poisson regression analysis with robust variance were used. The countries with the highest prevalence of intention to be vaccinated were Bra-zil (96.94%), Cuba (89.59%), Chile (84.59%), and Mexico (78.33%). On the other hand, the countries with the lowest prevalence were El Salvador (54.01%), Paraguay (55.87%), and Uruguay (56.40%). Prevalence is also reported according to some sociodemograph...

Existe una imperiosa necesidad de evaluar los instrumentos de procrastinación actuales, con especial atención a la Escala de Procrastinación Académica (EPA), ampliamente utilizada en Latinoamérica, cuya dimensionalidad ha experimentado variaciones constantes en la literatura. Para ello se aplicó la EPA a 1308 estudiantes universitarios siguiendo un muestreo no probabilístico. Inicialmente, se observó que el ítem 4 reflejaba una actividad cotidiana más que comportamientos directos de procrastinación. Posteriormente, se exploraron diversas variaciones de la EPA, conforme a la literatura y las propuestas del presente estudio. El modelo de dos factores, excluyendo el ítem 4 y con correlación de errores entre los ítems 6 y 7, demostró ser adecuado en términos de ajuste, logrando la invarianza entre los participantes de ambos sexos. El estudio concluye que se debe emplear la EP...

Introduction: Concern about becoming infected is a particularly relevant psychological aspect in the context of a pandemic, as it is associated with social reactions and behavioral changes. Objectives: The present study sought to determine some sociodemographic and health factors associated with concern about COVID-19 infection in Cuban patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: 203 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who attended nine primary care areas of four Cuban provinces belonging to different regions of the country (65.52% female, mean age 57.5, SD=19.2), selected through non-probabilistic sampling, participated in the study. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the COVID-19 contagion concern scale (PRE-COVID-19) and an evaluation of blood glucose level were applied. Bivariate associations were examined with a series of analyses of variance (ANOVA). Adjusted (multiple) reg...

Thousands of people have died of COVID-19 in El Salvador. However, little is known about the mental health of those who are mourning the loss of a loved one to COVID-19. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the dysfunctional grief associated with COVID-19 death among Salvadoran adults. A sample of 435 Salvadorans (M = 29 years; SD = 8.75) who lost a family member or loved one to COVID-19 completed a digital survey using the Google Forms platform, during April 2 and 28, 2022. The results revealed that 35.1% reported clinically elevated symptoms of dysfunctional grief and among those mourners, and 25.1% also exhibited clinical levels of coronavirus anxiety. A binary logistic regression revealed that predictor variables such as COVID-19 anxiety (p = .003), depression (p = .021), and COVID-19 obsession (p = .032) were significant (χ2 = 84.31; Nagelke...

Thousands of people have died of COVID-19 in El Salvador. However, little is known about the mental health of those who are mourning the loss of a loved one to COVID-19. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the dysfunctional grief associated with COVID-19 death among Salvadoran adults. A sample of 435 Salvadorans (M = 29 years; SD = 8.75) who lost a family member or loved one to COVID-19 completed a digital survey using the Google Forms platform, during April 2 and 28, 2022. The results revealed that 35.1% reported clinically elevated symptoms of dysfunctional grief and among those mourners, and 25.1% also exhibited clinical levels of coronavirus anxiety. A binary logistic regression revealed that predictor variables such as COVID-19 anxiety (p = .003), depression (p = .021), and COVID-19 obsession (p = .032) were significant (χ2 = 84.31; Nagelke...

Thousands of people have died of COVID-19 in El Salvador. However, little is known about the mental health of those who are mourning the loss of a loved one to COVID-19. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the dysfunctional grief associated with COVID-19 death among Salvadoran adults. A sample of 435 Salvadorans (M = 29 years; SD = 8.75) who lost a family member or loved one to COVID-19 completed a digital survey using the Google Forms platform, during April 2 and 28, 2022. The results revealed that 35.1% reported clinically elevated symptoms of dysfunctional grief and among those mourners, and 25.1% also exhibited clinical levels of coronavirus anxiety. A binary logistic regression revealed that predictor variables such as COVID-19 anxiety (p =.003), depression (p =.021), and COVID-19 obsession (p =.032) were significant (χ2 = 84.31; Nagelkerke R2 =.242) and predict a...