It explains the usefulness of antimicrobials, the actions they carry out to apply them against the spread of COVID-19 and claim the delay generated by the lack of adequate knowledge of the usefulness of antibiotics in the population.

The aim of this research was to determine the influence of tara gum and xanthan gum on rheological and textural properties of gluten-free doughs and breads made from corn starch and potato starch. Four formulations were developed: corn starch with xanthan gum (CS-XG), corn starch with tara gum (CS-TG), potato starch with xanthan gum (PS-XG) and potato starch with tara gum (PS-TG) (XG and TG—0.5% of flour). Rheological and textural properties of doughs were evaluated, as well as specific volume, alveolar structure and texture profile of breads. The results showed that the addition of tara gum increased pasting properties of the potato starch formulation, however, in the corn starch formulations, it was not significantly different from xanthan gum addition. All formulations showed more elastic than viscous behavior (G′>G″) and these viscoelastic properties had an influence on the kin...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, mainly affecting severe patients, such as those in intensive care units (ICUs). High levels of antibiotic resistance and a long battery of virulence factors characterise this pathogen. Among virulence factors, the T3SS (Type 3 Secretion Systems) are especially relevant, being one of the most important virulence factors in P. aeruginosa. T3SS are a complex “molecular syringe” able to inject different effectors in host cells, subverting cell machinery influencing immune responses, and increasing bacterial survival rates. While T3SS have been largely studied and the molecular structure and main effector functions have been established, a series of questions and further points remain to be clarified or established. The key role of T3SS in P. aeruginosa virulence has resulted in the search for T3SS-targeting molecules able to impair the...

Type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs) are a series of mechanisms involved in bacterial pathogenesis. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa only possess one T3SS, it plays a key role in the virulence of P. aeruginosa virulence. This finding suggests that T3SS impairment may be an alternative for antimicrobial agents, allowing P. aeruginosa infections to be directly combated avoiding antimicrobial pressure on this and other microorganisms. To date, different approaches have been proposed, including T3SS inhibition, vaccination strategies, development of anti-T3SS antibodies and gene silencing. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

This work is aimed at developing a design of a wastewater treatment plant to treat wastewater released from the Campus of the University of San Marcos in Lima - Perú. An anaerobic treatment of sewage has been designad to treat a load of 1.00 L/s of wastewater, containing a DBO5 of 220 mg/L. The required biorreactor has a capacity of 10.8 m3 , wich will operate at high yield compared to the standard processes of treatment. lt has been demonstrated that this process is economically and technically feasible, and the total cost of implementing, this project has been calculated in US$ 45 000, using locally available corrosion resistant material.

This work is aimed at developing a design of a wastewater treatment plant to treat wastewater released from the Campus of the University of San Marcos in Lima - Perú. An anaerobic treatment of sewage has been designad to treat a load of 1.00 L/s of wastewater, containing a DBO5 of 220 mg/L. The required biorreactor has a capacity of 10.8 m3 , wich will operate at high yield compared to the standard processes of treatment. lt has been demonstrated that this process is economically and technically feasible, and the total cost of implementing, this project has been calculated in US$ 45 000, using locally available corrosion resistant material.

The study was to evaluate the essential oil of Erythroxylum coca Lam. var. coca (Coca) - from Quillabamba province, Cusco region and determine its antibacterial activity, and elucidate the same chemical composition by Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry (GC / MS). The plant part used the dried leaves were provided by the National Coca Company ENACO SA, which dealt with a system by steam distillation of water. The essential oil yield was 0.08% v/p and on that physicochemical tests were performed: Miscibility, density and refractive index. In the chemical composition found the following components: Guai-1(5),(11)-diene, t-cadinene, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecan-1 -ol, eudesm-4(14)-en-11-ol, hexahydrofarnesil ketone, hexadecanoic acid, phytol, cis-9-octadecenoic and octadecanoic acid. The study of antibacterial activity in vitro, using the method of excavation culture pla...

The study was to evaluate the essential oil of Erythroxylum coca Lam. var. coca (Coca) - from Quillabamba province, Cusco region and determine its antibacterial activity, and elucidate the same chemical composition by Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry (GC / MS). The plant part used the dried leaves were provided by the National Coca Company ENACO SA, which dealt with a system by steam distillation of water. The essential oil yield was 0.08% v/p and on that physicochemical tests were performed: Miscibility, density and refractive index. In the chemical composition found the following components: Guai-1(5),(11)-diene, t-cadinene, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecan-1 -ol, eudesm-4(14)-en-11-ol, hexahydrofarnesil ketone, hexadecanoic acid, phytol, cis-9-octadecenoic and octadecanoic acid. The study of antibacterial activity in vitro, using the method of excavation culture pla...

Carrion’s disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by Bartonella bacilliformis, a vector-borne pathogen restricted to the Andean valleys of Peru, Ecuador and Colombia. Carrion’s disease is a biphasic illness; in the acute phase the case-fatality rate can be as high as 88 %, related to high parasitemia, arriving to almost all erythrocytes,and secondary bacterial infections close related with the development of transient immunosuppression in the earlier illness phases. In addition, there are an undefined number of asymptomatic carriers that are reservoirs of the etiological agent of Carrion’s disease in endemic areas, they make take into account due to they are the perpetuators of this disease. The actual scenario of Carrion’s disease, in which the illness is arriving to new areas, due to the expansion of the vector’s distribution, suggests that now may be a crucial time to...

Filtrations from Rimac and Blanco rivers and Graton Tunnel (on the Rimac basin, 80 km from Lima. and 2500 m sea level) were studied using artificial tracers and superficial water analysis. Graton tunnel has a 3-5 m3/s volume. Domestic and industrial demand of Lima (7 million inhabitants) is 22 m3/s. Preliminary results suggest that Graton tunnel filtrations do not originate on Rimac or Blanco rivers, but in regions at 4600 m sea level. Detected tritium suggests that water filtrated in Graton tunnel is modern.

It has been developed a process of integration of fermentation systems of organical solid waste (OSW) in facilities of the «La Vizcacha» filling field, Puente Piedra District-Lima. We are obtained 225 mL ethanol and 0,008 5 kWh per kilogramm of urban solid waste.

Se evaluó la eficacia del extracto hidroalcohólico de mastuerzo (Tropaeolum majus) (EHAM) en formulación crema, para el tratamiento de la dermatomicosis en el cuy, como alternativa de tratamiento para esta enfermedad. El estudio se realizó en el Laboratorio de Farmacología de la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica de la UNMSM. Se utilizaron 30 cuyes machos de 1.5 a 2 meses de edad, con presencia de zonas alopécicas cubiertas de escamas y piel engrosada alrededor de ojos, frente y nariz. Al análisis microbiológico de las lesiones se confirmó la presencia de Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Los animales se dividieron en tres grupos: Grupo 1: EHAM en formulación crema al 1.5%, Grupo 2: EHAM en formulación crema al 0.5% y Grupo Control: mezcla homogénea de hidrocarburos saturados (vaselina). Se realizaron dos aplicaciones de la crema a base del EHAM sobre las lesiones por cada grupo t...

It has been developed a process of integration of fermentation systems of organical solid waste (OSW) in facilities of the «La Vizcacha» filling field, Puente Piedra District-Lima. We are obtained 225 mL ethanol and 0,008 5 kWh per kilogramm of urban solid waste.

Se evaluó la eficacia del extracto hidroalcohólico de mastuerzo (Tropaeolum majus) (EHAM) en formulación crema, para el tratamiento de la dermatomicosis en el cuy, como alternativa de tratamiento para esta enfermedad. El estudio se realizó en el Laboratorio de Farmacología de la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica de la UNMSM. Se utilizaron 30 cuyes machos de 1.5 a 2 meses de edad, con presencia de zonas alopécicas cubiertas de escamas y piel engrosada alrededor de ojos, frente y nariz. Al análisis microbiológico de las lesiones se confirmó la presencia de Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Los animales se dividieron en tres grupos: Grupo 1: EHAM en formulación crema al 1.5%, Grupo 2: EHAM en formulación crema al 0.5% y Grupo Control: mezcla homogénea de hidrocarburos saturados (vaselina). Se realizaron dos aplicaciones de la crema a base del EHAM sobre las lesiones por cada grupo t...

Bartonella bacilliformis is the etiological agent of Carrion’s disease, a neglected tropical poverty-linked illness. This infection is endemic of Andean regions and it is estimated that approximately 1.7 million of South Americans are at risk. This bacterium is a fastidious slow growing microorganism, which is difficult and cumbersome to isolate from clinical sources, thereby hindering the availability of phylogenetic relationship of clinical samples. The aim of this study was to perform Multi Locus Sequence Typing of B. bacilliformis directly in blood from patients diagnosed with Oroya fever during an outbreak in Northern Peru.

Bartonella bacilliformis is the etiological agent of Carrion’s disease, a neglected tropical poverty-linked illness. This infection is endemic of Andean regions and it is estimated that approximately 1.7 million of South Americans are at risk. This bacterium is a fastidious slow growing microorganism, which is difficult and cumbersome to isolate from clinical sources, thereby hindering the availability of phylogenetic relationship of clinical samples. The aim of this study was to perform Multi Locus Sequence Typing of B. bacilliformis directly in blood from patients diagnosed with Oroya fever during an outbreak in Northern Peru.

Bartonella bacilliformis is a facultative, intracellular, aerobic, Gram-negative coccobacillus causing the so-called Carrión's disease, a human infection endemic to specific areas mainly inhabited by low-income communities of Peru but also present in other Andean communities. It is considered a truly neglected tropical disease and is transmitted through the bite of female sandflies of the genus Lutzomyia.

Bartonella bacilliformis is a pathogen that is endemic in some areas of the Andean region of Peru, southern Ecuador and southern Colombia. This pathogen causes so-called Carrion's disease, a biphasic disease with acute and chronic phases, called Oroya fever and "Peruvian wart" respectively. In the absence or delay of antibiotic treatment, the mortality rate in the acute phase is up to 88%. The acute phase is characterised by fever and severe anaemia and may be followed, several weeks or months later, by the chronic eruptive phase due to endothelial cell proliferation. No animal reservoir has been identified to date and it is considered that healthy carriers act as a pathogen reservoir in endemic areas.

The study was supported by the Programa Nacional de Innovaci?n para la Competitividad y Productividad (Inn?vate Per?), under the contract 117-PNICP-PIAP-2015. J.R. had a fellowship from the program I3, of the ISCIII [grant number: CES11/012]. C.G. had a PhD fellowship of the ISCIII [FI12/00561] and was recipient of a Canon Foundation Fellowship and a Small Grant from the Royal Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene [grant reference 000584]. MJP had a postdoctoral fellowship from CONCYTEC/FONDECYT [grant number: CG05-2013-FONDECYT].

The objective was to develop and characterise in vitro Bartonella bacilliformis antibiotic resistant mutants. Three B. bacilliformis strains were plated 35 or 40 times with azithromycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin or rifampicin discs. Resistance-stability was assessed performing 5 serial passages without antibiotic pressure.