This study delves into the examination of internal flow characteristics within closed (with nozzles) and open-end pressure-swirl atomizers (lacking nozzles). The number of inlet channels “n” and the opening parameter “C” were manipulated in this study, as they play a pivotal role in understanding various atomizer attributes, such as uniformity of the air-core diameter, the discharge coefficient, spray angle, and more, all of which hold significance in the design of bipropellant atomizers for liquid rocket engines (LREs). To validate our findings, six distinct hexahedral meshes were generated using Ansys ICEM software 2023. Subsequently, we employed Ansys Fluent, considering the RNG k-ε turbulence model and the VOF (volume-of-fluid) multiphase model to identify the liquid–gas interface, to aid in analyzing the uniformity of the air core, which is directly linked to the even dis...

This paper presents the numerical simulation of a 3D mechanical design of an ankle exoskeleton for elderly users. The ankle is one of the most injury-prone joints due to its irregular - sphere shape and elderly people are more prone to this damage (approximately 80% of patients with a history of ankle sprain undergo surgery for post-traumatic ankle osteoarthritis [1]). This problem generates a decrease in muscular resistance on the legs, loss of motor skills, loss of mobile autonomy, etc. The simulation of this exoskeleton is intended to reduce these problems by means of this low-cost mechanism, since similar options exist, but they are not within the economic reach of all. For this reason, anatomical measurements of an elderly user were taken to obtain an ergonomic and easy-to-use mechanical design. Biomechanical calculations were also performed on the ankle to define its displacement a...

The present work proposes an analysis of the internal temperature flow in two types of helical coils, whose number of turns is 6 and 10, for the sugar cane bagasse delignification process, using superheated steam as a heat source. The analysis seeks to find the ideal number of turns for the process, the inlet pressure, and the temperature range in which the coil should operate to provide the working temperature for the reaction. This proposal will be carried out using Ansys fluent version 19.2 educational simulation software, where the coils were designed and the temperature and pressure parameters of the superheated steam flow to travel through the internal part of the helical coil were introduced. As a result, with a number of coils of 10 and an inlet pressure of 0.4 MPa, an efficiency of 96.545% was achieved to maintain the temperature along the coil path. This allows its application ...

This study proposes the simulation of a system for reducing polluting gases produced by a steel foundry by two-stage centrifugation. This simulation seeks to verify the physical principle of centrifugation in two cyclones (Stairmand and Swift types) in serial connection: one with its inlet at the outlet of the other, based on initial gas inlet conditions, as well as the design equations of this equipment. Likewise, it's intended to demonstrate the efficiency of this system by entering the mass composition of the gas, in particulate matter (PM) terms, measuring its new composition at the output, after simulating the gas and particle dynamics. For this, Ansys CFD and Ansys Fluent software are used (with previous data analysis and processing), and Python programming techniques to automate calculations and obtain the optimal design values for the cyclones. This system seeks to be an alternat...

This study addresses the problem of pollution and high energy demand in Peru, caused by population growth in the city. It proposes the use of renewable energy as a solution and seeks to analyze and design a vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) with variable rotor radius to evaluate its sustainability in Piura, Peru, as a renewable energy option. Climatological data from the Global Wind Atlas and the Capitán FAP Víctor Montes Arias Airport in Talara, Piura, were used. The blades were designed with aerodynamic models from SANDIA laboratories and analyzed using simulation software such as QBLADE and ANSYS FLUENT. The results indicate that the VAWT is efficient (Cp = 0.58) when the blades are contracted at 13.4 m/s. A closed-loop control is proposed to adjust the rotor radius with an anemometer. In addition, the airfoil behavior is observed by pressure and velocity plots in ANSYS FLUENT.

This article presents a proposition to delve into the intricate internal flow dynamics of a screw-conveyor pressure-swirl atomizer. The objective of the study is to use a comprehensive mathematical model, which will serve as a tool for determining the core dimensions of the atomizer. To verify the accuracy and reliability of the model, rigorous numerical simulations will be conducted. The computational tools employed for the following purpose encompass the utilization of Ansys ICEM CFD software for the creation of a meticulously crafted three-dimensional hexahedral mesh. Subsequently, the Ansys Fluent CFD software is going to be harnessed to execute the simulation of the atomizer’s internal flow behavior. By undertaking the comprehensive analysis, the article aims to shed light on the various merits and demerits inherent in the utilization of such atomizers, particularly concerning the...

The following article proposes the design of a bi-centrifugal atomizer that allows the interaction of sprays from two fluids (water and liquid nitrogen). The liquid nitrogen (LN2) is below −195.8 °C, a temperature low enough for the nitrogen, upon contact with the atomized water, to cause heat loss and bring it to its freezing point. The objective is to convert the water droplets present in the spray into ice. Upon falling, the ice particles can be dispersed, covering the largest possible area of the seafood products intended for cold preservation. All these phenomena related to the interaction of two fluids and heat exchange are due to the bi-centrifugal atomizer, which positions the two centrifugal atomizers concentrically, resulting in the inevitable collision of the two sprays. Each of these atomizers will be designed using a mathematical model and CFDs tools. The latter will prov...

Since 1960, a higher percentage of aquatic foods have been allocated for human consumption. In 2020, 89% of global fishery and aquaculture production was dedicated to this purpose. With the increasing demand in the industry, there has also been a development of quality and food safety standards. Therefore, the food preservation technique of refrigeration becomes essential to prevent input losses and maintain quality. This leads to the need for appropriate technology for the freezing process of aquatic foods on vessels. In this research, the study and consequently, the design of a swirl effect atomizer using tools based on mathematical models and complemented with numerical simulation (Ansys CFD: Computational Fluid Dynamics) is proposed. This cryogenic atomizer, in conjunction with another water atomizer, would produce ice in the form of tiny particles. This would increase the efficiency...

This article presents the numerical simulation and design of an ankle exoskeleton oriented to elderly users. For the design, anatomical measurements were taken from a user of this age group to obtain an ergonomic, resistant, and exceptionally reliable mechanical structure. In addition, the design was validated to support a “weight range” of users between 50 and 80 kg in order to evaluate the reaction of the mechanism within the range of loads generated in relation to the first principal stress, the safety coefficient, the Von Mises stress, and principal deformations, for which the 3D CAD software Autodesk Inventor and theoretical correlations were used to calculate the displacement and rotation angles of the ankle in the structure. Likewise, two types of materials were evaluated: ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) and a polymer reinforced with carbon fiber. Finally, the designed p...

The demand for high-pressure, operational cryogenic fluid storage systems in specialized laboratories has driven the design of an innovative solution due to the scarcity of specialized equipment in the local market. This article details the design and manufacturing of a portable, long-lasting cryogenic fluid storage tank that meets safety and efficiency requirements, while also facilitating individual cryogenic tests. By applying Pascal’s principle, an effective increase in the pressure of the cryogenic fluid was achieved, which is essential for supplying the system at pressure. The tank incorporates specific inputs and outputs, including an additional input for high-pressure air injection, a safety valve, and a pressure measurement port, highlighting its functionality and autonomy in individual operations. The integration of these features has been validated through simulations and em...

The present article delves into the comprehensive study of internal flow dynamics within a cryogenic chamber used for freezing food with high water percent. For cryogenic freezing is necessary to reduce temperature extremely and maintain a uniform distribution, different behaviours may cause structural damages on food. This is because the chamber comprises a circular-sectioned tunnel or chamber coupled with a set of Jet-type atomizers for the injection of liquid nitrogen. The internal flow, predominantly consisting of liquid nitrogen, necessitates prolonged residency within the chamber to uniformly and effectively cool or freeze food traversing its interior. Consequently, the primary aim is to extend the cryogenic fluid's residence time, achieved by strategically decelerating the flow. This deceleration is orchestrated through the strategic injection of the fluid to induce a swirling or ...

This article addresses the study of internal flow dynamics within a cryogenic chamber designed for freezing food using liquid nitrogen injection. The chamber features a circular section with strategically placed jet-type atomizers for this purpose. The primary objective is to extend the residence time of the cryogenic fluid within the chamber to ensure uniform and effective freezing of the passing food items. This is achieved by inducing a swirl effect through strategic deceleration of the flow using the atomizers. The meticulous placement of these atomizers at periodic intervals along the internal walls of the cylindrical chamber ensures prolonged recirculation of the internal flow. Internal temperature analysis is crucial to ensure the freezing process. The study is supported by numerical analysis in CFD ANSYS to assess the dynamics of the swirl effect and parameters associated with th...