This study aimed to determine the effect of the energy / protein ratio of supplementary feed rations (RAS) on the production and characteristics of milk under natural hypobaric conditions (4300 m altitude in Puno, Peru). A total of 24 Brown Swiss cows in first and second third of lactation were distributed in three RAS with three ratios of metabolizable energy / protein (RAS1: 17.0 kcal/g; RAS2: 14.2 kcal/g; RAS3: 12.4 kcal/g) and as a protein source three levels of hydrolysed sheep and alpaca skins – Pioval-2® (0, 3 and 6%, respectively) and three levels of extruded whole soymeal (0, 10 and 25%, respectively). The cows were grazing on alfalfa associated with rye grass and supplemented with oat silage. Daily milk yield (DMY) was recorded for 45 days, as well as density (DE), total solids (TS), fat (FA) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) at 0, 15, 30 and 45 days. The RAS did not affect the D...

This study aimed to determine the effect of the energy / protein ratio of supplementary feed rations (RAS) on the production and characteristics of milk under natural hypobaric conditions (4300 m altitude in Puno, Peru). A total of 24 Brown Swiss cows in first and second third of lactation were distributed in three RAS with three ratios of metabolizable energy / protein (RAS1: 17.0 kcal/g; RAS2: 14.2 kcal/g; RAS3: 12.4 kcal/g) and as a protein source three levels of hydrolysed sheep and alpaca skins – Pioval-2® (0, 3 and 6%, respectively) and three levels of extruded whole soymeal (0, 10 and 25%, respectively). The cows were grazing on alfalfa associated with rye grass and supplemented with oat silage. Daily milk yield (DMY) was recorded for 45 days, as well as density (DE), total solids (TS), fat (FA) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) at 0, 15, 30 and 45 days. The RAS did not affect the D...

The study was carried out at the La Raya Experimental Center of the National University of the Altiplano of Puno at an altitude of 4200m,with the aim of evaluating the effect of additional post-ovulation copulations on embryonic survival. Huacaya alpacas were used withpostpartum sexual rest greater than 20 days, with a preovulatory follicle greater than 7 mm, verified by ultrasound. For the controlledmating, 5 males from the breeding group were used. After breeding, 26 to 35 hours post-mating, ovulation was verified, selecting 47alpacas that ovulated, and distributed to the experimental groups: G1 (n = 16) with no additional mating, G2 (n = 15) received anadditional mating 24 hours post-ovulation, and G3 (n = 16) two additional mating 48 hours post-ovulation. On days 14 and 24 aftercopulation, the presence of the corpus luteum and embryonic vesicle was verified by ultrasound and receptiv...

The study was carried out at the La Raya Experimental Center of the National University of the Altiplano of Puno at an altitude of 4200m,with the aim of evaluating the effect of additional post-ovulation copulations on embryonic survival. Huacaya alpacas were used withpostpartum sexual rest greater than 20 days, with a preovulatory follicle greater than 7 mm, verified by ultrasound. For the controlledmating, 5 males from the breeding group were used. After breeding, 26 to 35 hours post-mating, ovulation was verified, selecting 47alpacas that ovulated, and distributed to the experimental groups: G1 (n = 16) with no additional mating, G2 (n = 15) received anadditional mating 24 hours post-ovulation, and G3 (n = 16) two additional mating 48 hours post-ovulation. On days 14 and 24 aftercopulation, the presence of the corpus luteum and embryonic vesicle was verified by ultrasound and receptiv...

The objective of the study was to evaluate the genetic structure of the Suri alpaca population, from the Quimsachata Research and Production Center of the Illpa-Puno Experimental Station of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation, Peru. Data from 1350 Suri alpacas born from 1993 to 2015 (636 males and 714 females) were analyzed using the method of genealogical analysis method. ENDOG program v.4.8 was used for the calculation of the following parameters of the genetic structure such as: average inbreeding coefficient (F), average relatedness coefficient (AR), the effective numbers of founders (ƒe), effective number of ancestors (ƒa), generation interval (GI) and the pedigree completeness, the ENDOG program v.4.8 was used. The F and AR were 0.06% and 0.40%, respectively, the number of ancestors that gave rise to the reference population was 288, the ƒa for the reference population...

The study was carried out at the La Raya Experimental Center of the National University of the Altiplano of Puno at an altitude of 4200m,with the aim of evaluating the effect of additional post-ovulation copulations on embryonic survival. Huacaya alpacas were used withpostpartum sexual rest greater than 20 days, with a preovulatory follicle greater than 7 mm, verified by ultrasound. For the controlledmating, 5 males from the breeding group were used. After breeding, 26 to 35 hours post-mating, ovulation was verified, selecting 47alpacas that ovulated, and distributed to the experimental groups: G1 (n = 16) with no additional mating, G2 (n = 15) received anadditional mating 24 hours post-ovulation, and G3 (n = 16) two additional mating 48 hours post-ovulation. On days 14 and 24 aftercopulation, the presence of the corpus luteum and embryonic vesicle was verified by ultrasound and receptiv...

An experiment was carried out at the Experimental Center La Raya-Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno, to determine the effect of copulation duration on ovulation and pregnancy in alpacas. 47 adult females were used (postpartum time ≥ 20 days and presence of a follicle ≥ 7 mm) distributed in three groups, according to copulation time: 20, 35 and 50 min, for G1 (n = 15), G2 (n = 16) and G3 (n = 16), respectively. For the mating, 6 reproducers of proven fertility were used, interrupting the copulation at the established time. Ovulation and pregnancy rates were evaluated on days 7 and 30 post service respectively (by ultrasound and receptivity of the female), the data were analyzed using X2 and simple correspondence. Both the ovulation rate (G1: 73.33%, G2: 81.25% and G3: 81.25%); and pregnancy (G1: 53.33%, G2: 81.25% and G3: 75%) were not different (P> 0.05). Pregnancy rates betw...

The study was carried out at the La Raya Experimental Center of the National University of the Altiplano of Puno at an altitude of 4200m,with the aim of evaluating the effect of additional post-ovulation copulations on embryonic survival. Huacaya alpacas were used withpostpartum sexual rest greater than 20 days, with a preovulatory follicle greater than 7 mm, verified by ultrasound. For the controlledmating, 5 males from the breeding group were used. After breeding, 26 to 35 hours post-mating, ovulation was verified, selecting 47alpacas that ovulated, and distributed to the experimental groups: G1 (n = 16) with no additional mating, G2 (n = 15) received anadditional mating 24 hours post-ovulation, and G3 (n = 16) two additional mating 48 hours post-ovulation. On days 14 and 24 aftercopulation, the presence of the corpus luteum and embryonic vesicle was verified by ultrasound and receptiv...

An experiment was carried out at the Experimental Center La Raya-Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno, to determine the effect of copulation duration on ovulation and pregnancy in alpacas. 47 adult females were used (postpartum time ≥ 20 days and presence of a follicle ≥ 7 mm) distributed in three groups, according to copulation time: 20, 35 and 50 min, for G1 (n = 15), G2 (n = 16) and G3 (n = 16), respectively. For the mating, 6 reproducers of proven fertility were used, interrupting the copulation at the established time. Ovulation and pregnancy rates were evaluated on days 7 and 30 post service respectively (by ultrasound and receptivity of the female), the data were analyzed using X2 and simple correspondence. Both the ovulation rate (G1: 73.33%, G2: 81.25% and G3: 81.25%); and pregnancy (G1: 53.33%, G2: 81.25% and G3: 75%) were not different (P> 0.05). Pregnancy rates betw...

La fibra de alpaca suri es altamente valorada por su suavidad y brillo, pero los programas de mejoramiento genético requieren información precisa sobre los factores genéticos que influyen en sus características. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar los parámetros genéticos de características textiles de la fibra en alpacas suri. El estudio se realizó en el banco de germoplasma de camélidos Quimsachata del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), ubicado en el departamento de Puno, Perú. Se analizaron 1274 registros (2009-2018) para el diámetro medio de fibra (DMF), el coeficiente de variabilidad del DMF (CV), la desviación estándar del DMF (DE), el factor de picazón (FP) y la finura al hilado (FH), así como 1252 registros para la curvatura de la fibra (CF). Los parámetros genéticos se estimaron mediante un modelo lineal mixto, usando el método el procedimien...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the main physical characteristics and correlations of fibre diameter (FD), coefficient of variation (CVFD), comfort factor (CF) and itching factor (IF) of alpaca fibre in the dry agroecological zone of the Puno region, Peru. In total, 14 068 fibre samples were collected and analysed with the OFDA 2000 equipment. The factors sex (male, female), breed (Suri, Huacaya), age (DL: milk teeth; 2 DL: two teeth; 4D: four teeth; BLL: full mouth) and province (Melgar, Chucuito, Puno, El Collao, Lampa, San Román) through a factorial arrangement of 2×2×4×6 was evaluated. The FD was influenced by age, sex, breed and province (p<0.01), being smaller in alpacas DL (20.10 μm) and thicker in BLL (23.29 μm). In males it was 21.25 μm and in females 21.91 μm (p<0.05) and in Huacaya alpacas 21.25 μm and in Suri 22.21 μm (p<0.05). The CVFD and IF variab...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the agroecological zone on the textile characteristics of the alpaca fibre (Vicugna pacos) from herds of productive units of the dry Puna and wet Puna in the Puno region, according to sex and age. The samples were obtained from 5530 Huacaya alpacas. Fibre diameter (FD), Standard Deviation of Fibre Diameter (SDFD), Coefficient of Variation of Fibre Diameter (CVDF), Spin Fineness (SF), Curvature Index (ICur) and Standard Deviation of Curvature Index (SDICur) were recorded using the OFDA 2000 equipment. The effects of the agroecological zone in relation to sex and age (Deciduous teeth [DL], 2 teeth [2D], 4 teeth [4D] and all teeth [BLL]) were estimated using a randomized design with factorial arrangement and Duncan's multiple range test. The FF values are in the range of 13.3 to 34.5 μm with an average value of 20.32 μm. The alpacas from...

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la zona agroecológica en las características textiles de la fibra de alpaca (Vicugna pacos), procedente de rebaños de unidades productivas de la Puna seca y Puna húmeda en la región Puno, según sexo y edad. Las muestras fueron obtenidas de 5530 alpacas Huacaya. El Diámetro de fibra (DF), Desviación estándar del diámetro de fibra (DEDF), Coeficiente de variación de diámetro de fibra (CVDF), Finura al hilado (FH), Índice de curvatura (IC) y Desviación estándar del índice de curvatura (DEIC) fueron registrados utilizando el equipo OFDA 2000. Los efectos de la zona agroecológica con relación al sexo y edad (Diente de leche [DL], 2 dientes [2D], 4 dientes [4D] y Boca llena [BLL]) se estimaron mediante un diseño al azar con arreglo factorial y prueba de rango múltiple de Duncan. Los valores de DF se encuentran en el rango de ...

The objective of this study was to fit four nonlinear models (Brody, von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic) to realizations of llama weight, using frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Animals from both sexes and types (K'ara and Ch'accu) were observed. Data consisted of 43,332 monthly body weight records, taken from birth to 12 months of age from 3611 llamas, collected from 1998 to 2017 in the Quimsachata Experimental Station of the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) in Peru. Parameters for Non-linear models for growth curves were estimated by frequentist and Bayesian procedures. The MCMC method using the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm with noninformative prior distributions was applied in the Bayesian approach. All non-linear functions closely fitted actual body weight measurements, while the Brody function provided the best fit in both frequentist and Bayesian approaches ...

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la zona agroecológica en las características textiles de la fibra de alpaca (Vicugna pacos), procedente de rebaños de unidades productivas de la Puna seca y Puna húmeda en la región Puno, según sexo y edad. Las muestras fueron obtenidas de 5530 alpacas Huacaya. El Diámetro de fibra (DF), Desviación estándar del diámetro de fibra (DEDF), Coeficiente de variación de diámetro de fibra (CVDF), Finura al hilado (FH), Índice de curvatura (IC) y Desviación estándar del índice de curvatura (DEIC) fueron registrados utilizando el equipo OFDA 2000. Los efectos de la zona agroecológica con relación al sexo y edad (Diente de leche [DL], 2 dientes [2D], 4 dientes [4D] y Boca llena [BLL]) se estimaron mediante un diseño al azar con arreglo factorial y prueba de rango múltiple de Duncan. Los valores de DF se encuentran en el rango de ...