The clinical handling of malocclusions Class II Division 2 depends on a good diagnosis and planning of the case. Most of these patients should be treated without teeth extractions, regarding that facial characteristics they present and the real possibility to create spaces by molars distalization methods and changing the incisives inclinations and intrusion. The present clinical case shows us how we can make use of diagnosis based on the information that the cephalometry provides and propose a treatment based on the Visual Treatment Objective (VTO) as well as to visualize the utility of biomechanics of Ricketts´s Bioprogressive technique on patients Class II Division 2.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate variation of superficial morphology, histological structure and enamel color of vestibular side of anterior dental pieces exposed to different carbamide peroxide concentrations and exposure times. Our research was taken on 21 extracted teeth that where divided in three groups and subjected to different concentrations of carbamide peroxide gel which were : Group 1 with 5% concentration, group 2 with 10% concentration and group 3 with 20% concentration. The vestibular side of each tooth was divided into 4 sections, each of which ones was exposed to 5, 20 and 40 hours of whitening respectively, while the remaining section was the control group. The results were subjected to the Friedman test to establish statistical differences. It was concluded that morphologically, variations on the surface aspect were minimal with 5% concentration gel during 5, 2...

The clinical handling of malocclusions Class II Division 2 depends on a good diagnosis and planning of the case. Most of these patients should be treated without teeth extractions, regarding that facial characteristics they present and the real possibility to create spaces by molars distalization methods and changing the incisives inclinations and intrusion. The present clinical case shows us how we can make use of diagnosis based on the information that the cephalometry provides and propose a treatment based on the Visual Treatment Objective (VTO) as well as to visualize the utility of biomechanics of Ricketts´s Bioprogressive technique on patients Class II Division 2.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate variation of superficial morphology, histological structure and enamel color of vestibular side of anterior dental pieces exposed to different carbamide peroxide concentrations and exposure times. Our research was taken on 21 extracted teeth that where divided in three groups and subjected to different concentrations of carbamide peroxide gel which were : Group 1 with 5% concentration, group 2 with 10% concentration and group 3 with 20% concentration. The vestibular side of each tooth was divided into 4 sections, each of which ones was exposed to 5, 20 and 40 hours of whitening respectively, while the remaining section was the control group. The results were subjected to the Friedman test to establish statistical differences. It was concluded that morphologically, variations on the surface aspect were minimal with 5% concentration gel during 5, 2...

Demuestra que existen diferencias en la posición, la inclinación y el crecimiento de las estructuras craneofaciales entre los cráneos deformados y los no deformados en una muestra de antiguos chavines peruanos. La muestra consistió en veinte cráneos adultos con deformación frontaloccipital y otros veinte cráneos, sin esta deformación, a los cuales, se les tomó radiografías cefalométricas digitales en las que se evaluaron las características de la base craneal: complejo naso-malar y complejo maxilar. Las mediciones cefalométricas fueron hechas en Librecad, previamente se configuró la escala de la radiografía para que las mediciones tengan una proporción de 1:1. Para el análisis comparativo se utilizó una estadística inferencial: la prueba “t” para muestras independientes, cuyas variables poseían una distribución normal (Prueba de Shapiro – Wilk) y una varianza h...

La presente tesis tuvo como problema, ¿qué relación existe entre el liderazgo y el desarrollo personal de los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa José Gálvez Barrenechea del Centro Poblado de Buenos Aires Parco Chacapunco del distrito de Anchonga, de la provincia de Angaraes de la región de Huancavelica?, el objetivo consistió en determinar la relación que existe entre aquellas variables, la muestra estuvo constituida por 42 estudiantes. Los métodos utilizados fueron el método científico, método descriptivo y el método correlacional, la técnica fue la encuesta y los instrumentos fueron dos cuestionarios, ambos tienen una validez de 0,80 y una confiablidad de 0,7. Entre los resultados se identificaron que entre el liderazgo y la dimensión cognitiva del desarrollo personal existe una correlación de 0,508; entre el liderazgo y la dimensión valores del desarrollo person...

Dental bleaching systems and its use of toothpaste with bleaching agents lead to search the effect of these systems on the enamel surface. Scientific evidence shows that these systems can provoke an answer in chemical shucture of the dental enamel with loss of calcium . The concentration of calcium was measured in ppm in 27 crowns of human bicuspids. The enamel erosion was measured through the liberation of calcium salts into teeth in two kinds of bleaching toothpastes : Crest whitening and Colgate Maxwhite, and they were compared with the gold standard (carbamide peroxide 20%) . Measurements of calcium concentration were made in 12 h, 24 h and 7 d. Atomic absorption spectophotometry was used to determine the calcium concentration. ANOVA analysis indicates that Crest Whitening toothpaste shows more concentration of calcium salts in enamel surface than Colgate Maxwhite which contains pero...

Bonding failures of brackets and the repositioning of them occur quite often during the orthodontic treatment. Upon this situation, the professional may choose to stick the same bracket or bond a new one. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes of the bonding strength of reconditioned brackets with direct flame, microetching and new brackets attached several times on the same tooth surface in vitro. 60 healthy human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Group I reconditioned brackets with air abrasion; Group II: reconditioned brackets with flame; Group III: new brackets. All brackets were bonded with resin No Mix (Prime Dental Manufactuing INC). Initially, new brackets were bonded to all groups to determine initial bonding strength (first shear test), then were subjected to four tests using a universal testing machine. The results showe...

The objective of the present study was to determine the difference mesiodistal crown between the homologous teeth in the permanent dentition and to establish the relation of the mesiodistal size, according to the gender. For this purpose, there were 120 study models that belonged to 120 students (60 boys and 60 girls) between 12 – 18 years old of 5 Educational Institutions in Chaclacayo (Lima – Peru) according to the inclusive and exclusive criteria; the mesio-distal sizes of the teeth were measured in each model. It was used a Centesimal Vernier with 0,02 mm of precision. The collected data was analyzed with the “t” of Student for determine the significant difference. Results: There was significant the discrepancy in the mesiodistal diameter. For men in 7 homologous teeth (Maxilla: lateral incisors, canines and second bicuspids; Mandible: central incisor, lateral incisors, canin...

The aim of the study was to determine the growth direction, position and size of the maxilla and mandiblewith skeletal open bite Class II and III. Methodology: This is an observational, descriptive andcross-sectional investigation. The population consisted of 100 lateral cephalometric radiographs of patientswith clinical diagnosis of skeletal open bite. The sample was not probabilistic for convenience. TheNemoceph program was used for Ricketts analysis to get the values of variables. The sample consistedof 36 radiographs of skeletal open bites. The data obtained were analyzed with the chi-square test at aconfidence level of 95% equivalent to 1.96 and a margin of error of 5%. Results: Of the 36 open bites,72.2% were class II and 27.8% Class III skeletal pattern. The two groups showed mostly normodivergentgrowth direction in the maxilla but all the mandibles showed hyperdivergent growth. I...

Dental bleaching systems and its use of toothpaste with bleaching agents lead to search the effect of these systems on the enamel surface. Scientific evidence shows that these systems can provoke an answer in chemical shucture of the dental enamel with loss of calcium . The concentration of calcium was measured in ppm in 27 crowns of human bicuspids. The enamel erosion was measured through the liberation of calcium salts into teeth in two kinds of bleaching toothpastes : Crest whitening and Colgate Maxwhite, and they were compared with the gold standard (carbamide peroxide 20%) . Measurements of calcium concentration were made in 12 h, 24 h and 7 d. Atomic absorption spectophotometry was used to determine the calcium concentration. ANOVA analysis indicates that Crest Whitening toothpaste shows more concentration of calcium salts in enamel surface than Colgate Maxwhite which contains pero...

Bonding failures of brackets and the repositioning of them occur quite often during the orthodontic treatment. Upon this situation, the professional may choose to stick the same bracket or bond a new one. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes of the bonding strength of reconditioned brackets with direct flame, microetching and new brackets attached several times on the same tooth surface in vitro. 60 healthy human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Group I reconditioned brackets with air abrasion; Group II: reconditioned brackets with flame; Group III: new brackets. All brackets were bonded with resin No Mix (Prime Dental Manufactuing INC). Initially, new brackets were bonded to all groups to determine initial bonding strength (first shear test), then were subjected to four tests using a universal testing machine. The results showe...

The objective of the present study was to determine the difference mesiodistal crown between the homologous teeth in the permanent dentition and to establish the relation of the mesiodistal size, according to the gender. For this purpose, there were 120 study models that belonged to 120 students (60 boys and 60 girls) between 12 – 18 years old of 5 Educational Institutions in Chaclacayo (Lima – Peru) according to the inclusive and exclusive criteria; the mesio-distal sizes of the teeth were measured in each model. It was used a Centesimal Vernier with 0,02 mm of precision. The collected data was analyzed with the “t” of Student for determine the significant difference. Results: There was significant the discrepancy in the mesiodistal diameter. For men in 7 homologous teeth (Maxilla: lateral incisors, canines and second bicuspids; Mandible: central incisor, lateral incisors, canin...

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la dirección de crecimiento, posición y tamaño de la maxila y mandíbula de mordidas abiertas, de patrón esquelético clase II y III. Metodología. Este estudio es observacional, descriptivo y transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 100 radiografías cefalométricas laterales de pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de mordida abierta, el muestreo fue no probabilístico, por conveniencia. Se utilizó el programa Nemoceph para realizar el análisis de Ricketts y conocer los valores de las variables de estudio. La muestra consistió de 36 radiografías de mordidas abiertas esqueléticas. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados con el test chi cuadrado, a un nivel de confianza del 95%, equivalente a 1.96 y un margen de error del 5% y la prueba estadística paramétrica. Resultados. De las 36 mordidas abiertas, el 72.2% era clase II y el 27.8% ...

This investigation evaluates the clotting effect of extracts of two varieties of coca leaves: Erytrhoxylum coca var. Coca and novogranatense Erytrhoxylum var. Truxillense. The aim of the study was to determine the shortest time of clotting of the blood samples of the albin rats. 34 males and female rats were selected to have 3 ml. of blood of each one. The blood samples were distributed in three probes containing: 0,06 ml. of physiological serum (control group), 0,06 ml. extract of E. coca lam var. coca (coca group), and 0,06 ml. of extract E. novogranatense var. truxillense (truxillense group). The clotting time for the control group was of 1,42 (±0.31) min, coca group: 1,38 (±0.26) min, truxillense group 1,83 (±0.55) min. The Anova analysis of the results showed significant differences between groups (p<0.01). The coca group showed the shortest clotting time of all groups. The tr...

En la presente investigación se evaluó el efecto coagulante de los extractos de dos variedades de hoja de coca: Erytrhoxylum coca lam var. Coca y Erytrhoxylum novogranatense var. Truxillense. El objetivo fue determinar el menor tiempo de coagulación de muestras de sangre de ratas albinas, tratadas con los extractos. Se seleccionó una muestra de 34 ratas, machos y hembras, a las cuales se le extrajeron 3 ml de sangre a cada una, colocando 1ml de sangre en tubos que contenían 0.06 ml de suero fisiológico (grupo control), 0.06 ml de extracto de E. coca lam var. Coca (grupo coca), y 0.06 ml de extracto E. novogranatense var. Truxillense (grupo truxillense). Los tiempos de coagulación de las muestras del grupo control fue de 1.42 min (±0.31), el grupo coca obtuvo 1.38 min (±0.26) y el grupo truxillense 1.83 min (±0.55). Los promedios fueron comparados con Anova obteniendo diferencia...

Objectives: Estimate the root canals of primary first lower molars by means of Nano computed tomography (Nano-CT). Material and methods: The sample consisted of 10 inferior primary molar teeth. The teeth were scanned by Nano-CT and the resulting images were analyzed with the On-Demand 3D software, considering among the evaluation the anatomical characteristics of the root canals and surface area of the root canals throughout the root length. For the measurement of the larger and smaller diameter of the root canals the statistical tests were central trend measures, with a significance level of 5%.  Results: In the distal root, vestibular mesial and lingual mesial , the size of the root canal with the highest average of the cervical region (D0) was 1.30, 1.00, 1.08 mm, respectively. The diameter to the deepest length (D11) for the same canals was 0.29, 0.22, 0.18 mm. The measurement o...

Objectives: Estimate the root canals of primary first lower molars by means of Nano computed tomography (Nano-CT). Material and methods: The sample consisted of 10 inferior primary molar teeth. The teeth were scanned by Nano-CT and the resulting images were analyzed with the On-Demand 3D software, considering among the evaluation the anatomical characteristics of the root canals and surface area of the root canals throughout the root length. For the measurement of the larger and smaller diameter of the root canals the statistical tests were central trend measures, with a significance level of 5%.  Results: In the distal root, vestibular mesial and lingual mesial , the size of the root canal with the highest average of the cervical region (D0) was 1.30, 1.00, 1.08 mm, respectively. The diameter to the deepest length (D11) for the same canals was 0.29, 0.22, 0.18 mm. The measurement o...

High-quality scientific evidence requires approaches to evaluate the research methodologies. Thus, degrees of recommendation for medical procedures or health interventions have been established. Internal validity assessment (for methodology and bias), external validity assessment (for reproducibility in the target population), and analysis of impact ought to be performed.

The intention of this inuestigation consisted of evaluating the effects of two oral colutorios (colutorio with sodium fluoride to 0.05% and colutorio of water with salt to 5%) on fhe bacterial plate and salivary pH in a population of soldiers. The sample was conformed by three groups: a group use colutorio of sodium fluoride to 0.05%, another use colutorio of water with salt and third group control that used water distilled during 40 days. The characteristics of the population allowed to control important intervening variables such as the diet, buccal hygiene of the soldiers, moments of hygiene and fulfillment of the indicated protocol. PHmetro was used calibrated and the simplified index of Green and Vermillon, to measure salivary pH and the index of bacteria1 plaque, respectively. It was used the analysis of variance, and test T of student matched up samples and to establish difference...