The clinical handling of malocclusions Class II Division 2 depends on a good diagnosis and planning of the case. Most of these patients should be treated without teeth extractions, regarding that facial characteristics they present and the real possibility to create spaces by molars distalization methods and changing the incisives inclinations and intrusion. The present clinical case shows us how we can make use of diagnosis based on the information that the cephalometry provides and propose a treatment based on the Visual Treatment Objective (VTO) as well as to visualize the utility of biomechanics of Ricketts´s Bioprogressive technique on patients Class II Division 2.

The clinical handling of malocclusions Class II Division 2 depends on a good diagnosis and planning of the case. Most of these patients should be treated without teeth extractions, regarding that facial characteristics they present and the real possibility to create spaces by molars distalization methods and changing the incisives inclinations and intrusion. The present clinical case shows us how we can make use of diagnosis based on the information that the cephalometry provides and propose a treatment based on the Visual Treatment Objective (VTO) as well as to visualize the utility of biomechanics of Ricketts´s Bioprogressive technique on patients Class II Division 2.

Demuestra que existen diferencias en la posición, la inclinación y el crecimiento de las estructuras craneofaciales entre los cráneos deformados y los no deformados en una muestra de antiguos chavines peruanos. La muestra consistió en veinte cráneos adultos con deformación frontaloccipital y otros veinte cráneos, sin esta deformación, a los cuales, se les tomó radiografías cefalométricas digitales en las que se evaluaron las características de la base craneal: complejo naso-malar y complejo maxilar. Las mediciones cefalométricas fueron hechas en Librecad, previamente se configuró la escala de la radiografía para que las mediciones tengan una proporción de 1:1. Para el análisis comparativo se utilizó una estadística inferencial: la prueba “t” para muestras independientes, cuyas variables poseían una distribución normal (Prueba de Shapiro – Wilk) y una varianza h...

Bonding failures of brackets and the repositioning of them occur quite often during the orthodontic treatment. Upon this situation, the professional may choose to stick the same bracket or bond a new one. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes of the bonding strength of reconditioned brackets with direct flame, microetching and new brackets attached several times on the same tooth surface in vitro. 60 healthy human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Group I reconditioned brackets with air abrasion; Group II: reconditioned brackets with flame; Group III: new brackets. All brackets were bonded with resin No Mix (Prime Dental Manufactuing INC). Initially, new brackets were bonded to all groups to determine initial bonding strength (first shear test), then were subjected to four tests using a universal testing machine. The results showe...

The objective of the present study was to determine the difference mesiodistal crown between the homologous teeth in the permanent dentition and to establish the relation of the mesiodistal size, according to the gender. For this purpose, there were 120 study models that belonged to 120 students (60 boys and 60 girls) between 12 – 18 years old of 5 Educational Institutions in Chaclacayo (Lima – Peru) according to the inclusive and exclusive criteria; the mesio-distal sizes of the teeth were measured in each model. It was used a Centesimal Vernier with 0,02 mm of precision. The collected data was analyzed with the “t” of Student for determine the significant difference. Results: There was significant the discrepancy in the mesiodistal diameter. For men in 7 homologous teeth (Maxilla: lateral incisors, canines and second bicuspids; Mandible: central incisor, lateral incisors, canin...

Bonding failures of brackets and the repositioning of them occur quite often during the orthodontic treatment. Upon this situation, the professional may choose to stick the same bracket or bond a new one. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes of the bonding strength of reconditioned brackets with direct flame, microetching and new brackets attached several times on the same tooth surface in vitro. 60 healthy human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Group I reconditioned brackets with air abrasion; Group II: reconditioned brackets with flame; Group III: new brackets. All brackets were bonded with resin No Mix (Prime Dental Manufactuing INC). Initially, new brackets were bonded to all groups to determine initial bonding strength (first shear test), then were subjected to four tests using a universal testing machine. The results showe...

The objective of the present study was to determine the difference mesiodistal crown between the homologous teeth in the permanent dentition and to establish the relation of the mesiodistal size, according to the gender. For this purpose, there were 120 study models that belonged to 120 students (60 boys and 60 girls) between 12 – 18 years old of 5 Educational Institutions in Chaclacayo (Lima – Peru) according to the inclusive and exclusive criteria; the mesio-distal sizes of the teeth were measured in each model. It was used a Centesimal Vernier with 0,02 mm of precision. The collected data was analyzed with the “t” of Student for determine the significant difference. Results: There was significant the discrepancy in the mesiodistal diameter. For men in 7 homologous teeth (Maxilla: lateral incisors, canines and second bicuspids; Mandible: central incisor, lateral incisors, canin...

This investigation evaluates the clotting effect of extracts of two varieties of coca leaves: Erytrhoxylum coca var. Coca and novogranatense Erytrhoxylum var. Truxillense. The aim of the study was to determine the shortest time of clotting of the blood samples of the albin rats. 34 males and female rats were selected to have 3 ml. of blood of each one. The blood samples were distributed in three probes containing: 0,06 ml. of physiological serum (control group), 0,06 ml. extract of E. coca lam var. coca (coca group), and 0,06 ml. of extract E. novogranatense var. truxillense (truxillense group). The clotting time for the control group was of 1,42 (±0.31) min, coca group: 1,38 (±0.26) min, truxillense group 1,83 (±0.55) min. The Anova analysis of the results showed significant differences between groups (p<0.01). The coca group showed the shortest clotting time of all groups. The tr...

En la presente investigación se evaluó el efecto coagulante de los extractos de dos variedades de hoja de coca: Erytrhoxylum coca lam var. Coca y Erytrhoxylum novogranatense var. Truxillense. El objetivo fue determinar el menor tiempo de coagulación de muestras de sangre de ratas albinas, tratadas con los extractos. Se seleccionó una muestra de 34 ratas, machos y hembras, a las cuales se le extrajeron 3 ml de sangre a cada una, colocando 1ml de sangre en tubos que contenían 0.06 ml de suero fisiológico (grupo control), 0.06 ml de extracto de E. coca lam var. Coca (grupo coca), y 0.06 ml de extracto E. novogranatense var. Truxillense (grupo truxillense). Los tiempos de coagulación de las muestras del grupo control fue de 1.42 min (±0.31), el grupo coca obtuvo 1.38 min (±0.26) y el grupo truxillense 1.83 min (±0.55). Los promedios fueron comparados con Anova obteniendo diferencia...

Objectives: Estimate the root canals of primary first lower molars by means of Nano computed tomography (Nano-CT). Material and methods: The sample consisted of 10 inferior primary molar teeth. The teeth were scanned by Nano-CT and the resulting images were analyzed with the On-Demand 3D software, considering among the evaluation the anatomical characteristics of the root canals and surface area of the root canals throughout the root length. For the measurement of the larger and smaller diameter of the root canals the statistical tests were central trend measures, with a significance level of 5%.  Results: In the distal root, vestibular mesial and lingual mesial , the size of the root canal with the highest average of the cervical region (D0) was 1.30, 1.00, 1.08 mm, respectively. The diameter to the deepest length (D11) for the same canals was 0.29, 0.22, 0.18 mm. The measurement o...

Objectives: Estimate the root canals of primary first lower molars by means of Nano computed tomography (Nano-CT). Material and methods: The sample consisted of 10 inferior primary molar teeth. The teeth were scanned by Nano-CT and the resulting images were analyzed with the On-Demand 3D software, considering among the evaluation the anatomical characteristics of the root canals and surface area of the root canals throughout the root length. For the measurement of the larger and smaller diameter of the root canals the statistical tests were central trend measures, with a significance level of 5%.  Results: In the distal root, vestibular mesial and lingual mesial , the size of the root canal with the highest average of the cervical region (D0) was 1.30, 1.00, 1.08 mm, respectively. The diameter to the deepest length (D11) for the same canals was 0.29, 0.22, 0.18 mm. The measurement o...

High-quality scientific evidence requires approaches to evaluate the research methodologies. Thus, degrees of recommendation for medical procedures or health interventions have been established. Internal validity assessment (for methodology and bias), external validity assessment (for reproducibility in the target population), and analysis of impact ought to be performed.

The intention of this inuestigation consisted of evaluating the effects of two oral colutorios (colutorio with sodium fluoride to 0.05% and colutorio of water with salt to 5%) on fhe bacterial plate and salivary pH in a population of soldiers. The sample was conformed by three groups: a group use colutorio of sodium fluoride to 0.05%, another use colutorio of water with salt and third group control that used water distilled during 40 days. The characteristics of the population allowed to control important intervening variables such as the diet, buccal hygiene of the soldiers, moments of hygiene and fulfillment of the indicated protocol. PHmetro was used calibrated and the simplified index of Green and Vermillon, to measure salivary pH and the index of bacteria1 plaque, respectively. It was used the analysis of variance, and test T of student matched up samples and to establish difference...

The intention of this inuestigation consisted of evaluating the effects of two oral colutorios (colutorio with sodium fluoride to 0.05% and colutorio of water with salt to 5%) on fhe bacterial plate and salivary pH in a population of soldiers. The sample was conformed by three groups: a group use colutorio of sodium fluoride to 0.05%, another use colutorio of water with salt and third group control that used water distilled during 40 days. The characteristics of the population allowed to control important intervening variables such as the diet, buccal hygiene of the soldiers, moments of hygiene and fulfillment of the indicated protocol. PHmetro was used calibrated and the simplified index of Green and Vermillon, to measure salivary pH and the index of bacteria1 plaque, respectively. It was used the analysis of variance, and test T of student matched up samples and to establish difference...