The barn owl (Tyto alba) is protected as it is considered a beneficial species for agrosilvopastoral activities, the maintenance of ecosystems and for human health. The present descriptive study corresponds to an analysis of a barn owl carcass, where the bones of the pelvic, femoral, tibiotarsal, tarsometatarsal and phalangeal regions were studied. It is concluded that the studied specimen has bone structures similar to other birds, mainly raptors; however, the difference in sizes between the iliac crests, the depth of the fossa of the femoral head, the great fusion between the tibiotarsus and the fibula, the hypotarsus formed only by a lateral projection on the tarsometatarsal bone and the great development of the flexor processes of the nail phalanges.

The aim of this study was to describe the musculature of the pelvic limbs of a barn owl (Tyto alba). The specimen has powerful muscles, with a predominance in the development of the flexor muscles over the extensors. In general, there is similarity with the musculature described in other birds, especially raptors; however, it is important to highlight some differences, such as m. iliofibular is well developed and is located caudal and superficial to the m. lateral iliotibial; the m. femorotibial has only two heads; the ms. ambiens and fibular long were not observed in the specimen studied, but m. lateral thigh flexor was observed. The m. long digital flexor has only one head; the ms. perforating and perforated are highly fused and m. extensor digitorum longus I has a small muscular head.

The aim of the study was to determine the response in terms of body weight gain,feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and carcass yield in guinea pigs of Peru breed between8 and 12 weeks of age, using two isoproteic diets with different metabolizable energylevels (T1, 2.8; T2, 3.0 Mcal/kg DM) without forage and a third diet (T3) with 2.8 Mcal/kgplus forage. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Seventy two male weaned guineapigs (14 ± 3 days of age) were randomly assigned to 24 rearing boxes (8 per treatment).None statistical difference was found between treatments on body weight gain or carcassyield. There was a better feed intake (total dry mater) in T3 (p<0.05). Groups T1 and T2showed a better conversion ratio at week 10 (3.18 and 3.31) than T3 supplied with forage(4.01) (p<0.01).

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la respuesta en ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento, conversión alimenticia y rendimiento de carcasa en cuyes de raza Perú entre las 8 y 12 semanas de edad utilizando dos niveles energéticos, dietas isoproteicas (18% PC), y uso de forraje. Los tratamientos 1 y 2 tuvieron 2.8 y 3.0 Mcal/kg ED con exclusión de forraje, y el tratamiento 3 (referencial) fue similar a T2 pero con suministro de forraje. El alimento y el agua se suministraron ad libitum. Se emplearon 72 cuyes machos, destetados, de 14 ± 3 días, distribuidos al azar en 24 pozas (8 pozas por tratamiento). No se encontró diferencia significativa en ganancias de peso vivo o en rendimiento de carcasa entre los tratamientos. Se registró un mayor consumo de materia seca total (5394 g) en T3 (p<0.05). Los grupos T1 y T2 lograron una mejor conversión alimenticia a la semana 10 (3.18 y...

The barn owl (Tyto alba) is protected as it is considered a beneficial species for agrosilvopastoral activities, the maintenance of ecosystems and for human health. The present descriptive study corresponds to an analysis of a barn owl carcass, where the bones of the pelvic, femoral, tibiotarsal, tarsometatarsal and phalangeal regions were studied. It is concluded that the studied specimen has bone structures similar to other birds, mainly raptors; however, the difference in sizes between the iliac crests, the depth of the fossa of the femoral head, the great fusion between the tibiotarsus and the fibula, the hypotarsus formed only by a lateral projection on the tarsometatarsal bone and the great development of the flexor processes of the nail phalanges.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la respuesta en ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento, conversión alimenticia y rendimiento de carcasa en cuyes de raza Perú entre las 8 y 12 semanas de edad utilizando dos niveles energéticos, dietas isoproteicas (18% PC), y uso de forraje. Los tratamientos 1 y 2 tuvieron 2.8 y 3.0 Mcal/kg ED con exclusión de forraje, y el tratamiento 3 (referencial) fue similar a T2 pero con suministro de forraje. El alimento y el agua se suministraron ad libitum. Se emplearon 72 cuyes machos, destetados, de 14 ± 3 días, distribuidos al azar en 24 pozas (8 pozas por tratamiento). No se encontró diferencia significativa en ganancias de peso vivo o en rendimiento de carcasa entre los tratamientos. Se registró un mayor consumo de materia seca total (5394 g) en T3 (p<0.05). Los grupos T1 y T2 lograron una mejor conversión alimenticia a la semana 10 (3.18 y 3....

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el estado de nutrición de niños de 6 a 36 meses del distrito de Sarhua, departamento de Ayacucho. Se usaron los siguientes métodos: 1) Antropométrico: indicadores talla/longitud para edad (malnutrición crónica); peso para talla/longitud (malnutrición aguda) y peso para edad (malnutrición global). 2) o Bioquímico: método de la cianometahemaglobina para determinación de hemoglobina y 3) Encuesta de recordatorio de 24 horas. El estudio fue transversal con una muestra de 43 niños seleccionados por muestreo bietápico-probabilístico, realizando una encuesta basal de calificación previa. Los resultados mostraron un 44,2 % de niños normales y 55,8 % con malnutrición crónica; de estos, 34,9 % tuvieron MC moderada: entre -2 a -3 Desviaciones Estándar (DE) y 20,9 % tuvieron MC severa, por debajo de <.3 DE. No hubo niños con desnutr...

El objetivo general del estudio fue evaluar la administración del Tratado, a través del aprovechamiento de los beneficios otorgados por el Acuerdo desde la mirada de los Agronegocios y, específicamente, describir las partidas aprovechadas y las desaprovechadas por los exportadores para generar nuevas oportunidades de negocio. La investigación es cuantitativa, de alcance descriptivo, básica, con un diseño no experimental longitudinal. La técnica fue la observación directa, estructurada e individual, analizando el período del 2009 al 2015 con las estadísticas del Trade Map. Se analizaron los 24 capítulos de los agronegocios, siendo los más aprovechados de la 4 a la 10 y de la 15 a la 18. Se encontraron 83 partidas que ampliaron la oferta exportable. Se concluye que el Tratado es una herramienta valiosa, pero no se está aprovechando. La evaluación de la actual administración,...

El objetivo general del estudio fue evaluar la incidencia de la administración del TLC suscrito entre el Perú y la Unión Europea, aplicado a Alemania desde la mirada de los agronegocios. Los específicos, determinar las partidas arancelarias aprovechadas y no aprovechadas. La investigación es cientifico-academica, el material usado fue internet, TRADEMAP Y SIICEX; bajo el método descriptivo, uso la técnica de la observación directa, estructurada e individual del comportamiento de las partidas de los 24 capítulos del Sistema Armonizado vinculados a los agronegocios, de los últimos seis años; tres años antes y tres después de la entrada en vigor. Las fuentes utilizadas fueron TRADEMAP, SUNAT y MINCETUR. La firma del Tratado trajo beneficios, más allá de la liberación arancelaria, como el aprovechamiento de estos. Conforme al análisis de los 24 capítulos se determino la fal...

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el grado de aprovechamiento del Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC) suscrito entre Perú y Chile desde la mirada de los agronegocios. Los objetivos específicos fueron determinar las partidas arancelarias aprovechadas y las no aprovechadas. La investigación es cuantitativa, de alcance descriptivo, básica, con un diseño no experimental longitudinal. La técnica fue la observación directa, estructurada e individual, analizando el período comprendido entre los años 2009 al 2015 con las estadísticas del Trade Map, SUNAT y MINCETUR sobre el comportamiento de las partidas de los 24 capítulos del Sistema Armonizado de Designación y Codificación de Mercancías, vinculados a los agronegocios. La firma del Tratado trajo beneficios, más allá de la liberación arancelaria. Conforme a los resultados, se concluye que el TLC se podría aprovechar mucho más, ...

Cockfighting is an important and popular pastime that generates employment opportunities in Venezuela; however, fighting performance can be affected by gastrointestinal parasites. An epidemiological study was carried out during the last trimester of 2012 and first trimester of 2013 to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in fighting cocks (Gallus gallus domesticus) (n=102) in the city of Coro, Falcon State, Venezuela. Faecal samples were analysed by direct test, Willis-Molloy (NaCl) and Faust (zinc sulphate) flotation methods and spontaneous sedimentation in tube technique. One or more intestinal protozoa or helminths were observed in 38 roosters (37.3%). Monoparasitism was observed in 8.8% cases and multiparasitism, including up to six parasite species occurred in some individuals. Strongyloides spp (20.6%), Capillaria spp (16.7%), Choanotaenia spp (12.8%), and Heterak...

Cockfighting is an important and popular pastime that generates employment opportunities in Venezuela; however, fighting performance can be affected by gastrointestinal parasites. An epidemiological study was carried out during the last trimester of 2012 and first trimester of 2013 to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in fighting cocks (Gallus gallus domesticus) (n=102) in the city of Coro, Falcon State, Venezuela. Faecal samples were analysed by direct test, Willis-Molloy (NaCl) and Faust (zinc sulphate) flotation methods and spontaneous sedimentation in tube technique. One or more intestinal protozoa or helminths were observed in 38 roosters (37.3%). Monoparasitism was observed in 8.8% cases and multiparasitism, including up to six parasite species occurred in some individuals. Strongyloides spp (20.6%), Capillaria spp (16.7%), Choanotaenia spp (12.8%), and Heterak...

In spite of enormous diversity in tree species, dendrochronological records in the tropical Andes are very scarce. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the search for new tree species with high dendrochronological characteristics in the tropical Andes, including the humid Puna of Peru. We present the first tree-ring chronology from Polylepis rodolfo-vasquezii, a recently described tree species in the Central Andes of Peru between 4000 and 4400 m elevation. Fifty trees were sampled in the district of Comas, Peru. After establishing the anatomical characteristics that delimit the annual growth rings, we developed a ring-width chronology by applying conventional dendrochronological techniques. The chronology covers the period 1869–2015 (157 years) and is well replicated from 1920 to present (> 20 samples). The statistics used to evaluate the quality of the chronology indicate that the P...

The structural, vibrational, morphological and magnetic properties of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles functionalized with polar molecules EDTA(or H4Y) and H2Y are reported. The samples were functionalized before and after total synthesis of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The molecules are anchored on the monodentate mode on the nanoparticles surface. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the formation of maghemite nanoparticles with small diameter of 4 nm for the sample functionalized upon synthesis and 7.6 and 6.9 nm for the samples functionalized with EDTA and H2Y after the formation of nanoparticles. Exchange bias phenomena were observed in some of the samples functionalized with EDTA at temperatures below 70 K. The presence of the bias effect was discussed in terms of the formation of a thin layer of a secondary phase like lepidocrocite, and the absence of this effect was expla...

The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of linguatulosis in bovine viscera in a slaughter house in Curicó, VII Region, Chile. The macroscopic examination of the liver, lungs, heart and the mediastinal, mesenteric and hepatic lymph nodes of 269 cattle was performed. In cases of lesions compatible with linguatulosis, the viscera were considered positive and these were observed under a stereoscope to reach the etiological diagnosis, considering as positive the lesions that presented one or more nymphs. The results showed that 11.89% of the cattle presented lesions compatible with linguatulosis in the viscera analysed and only one (0.37%) presented the positive etiological diagnosis of Linguatula serrata nymphs. The largest number of compatible lesions was found in the liver (81.8%), followed by mesenteric lymph nodes (9.1%), hepatic lymph nodes (6.1%) and lungs (...

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of findings compatible with hydatidosis and fertility of hydatid cysts in bovines of a slaughterhouse in Curicó, Chile. Lungs, livers, hearts, spleens and kidneys of 218 animals slaughtered in April 2017 were analyzed. The prevalence of findings compatible with hydatidosis was 12.4%, where 74.1% of affected animals presented lung cysts, 11.1% liver cysts and 14.8% of both types. Older animals concentrated the greatest number of findings. In samples of hydatid fluid from unilocular cysts a fertility of 6.25% was obtained. The prevalence of findings found was lower than the data described in national studies.  

The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of linguatulosis in bovine viscera in a slaughter house in Curicó, VII Region, Chile. The macroscopic examination of the liver, lungs, heart and the mediastinal, mesenteric and hepatic lymph nodes of 269 cattle was performed. In cases of lesions compatible with linguatulosis, the viscera were considered positive and these were observed under a stereoscope to reach the etiological diagnosis, considering as positive the lesions that presented one or more nymphs. The results showed that 11.89% of the cattle presented lesions compatible with linguatulosis in the viscera analysed and only one (0.37%) presented the positive etiological diagnosis of Linguatula serrata nymphs. The largest number of compatible lesions was found in the liver (81.8%), followed by mesenteric lymph nodes (9.1%), hepatic lymph nodes (6.1%) and lungs (...

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of findings compatible with hydatidosis and fertility of hydatid cysts in bovines of a slaughterhouse in Curicó, Chile. Lungs, livers, hearts, spleens and kidneys of 218 animals slaughtered in April 2017 were analyzed. The prevalence of findings compatible with hydatidosis was 12.4%, where 74.1% of affected animals presented lung cysts, 11.1% liver cysts and 14.8% of both types. Older animals concentrated the greatest number of findings. In samples of hydatid fluid from unilocular cysts a fertility of 6.25% was obtained. The prevalence of findings found was lower than the data described in national studies.  

This paper presents the development and validation of a tridimensional 7-DOF human body model for the representation and study of closed kinetic chain exercises (CKCE) performed with the feet fixed in space, i.e. low posture exercises. The biomechanical model, a link-segment model, is based on an Euler-Lagrange formulation and employs a generalized joint coordinate system. A top-down mechanical analysis provides an estimation of the internal joint moments, along with the vertical ground reaction forces, using kinematical data collected by inertial sensors. The model is validated by correlating estimated ground reaction forces to kinetic experimental data from force plates. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for four CKCE types (150 trials in total). In all cases, a median correlation r > 0.90 was found, hence proving that the proposed model is quite satisfactory for CKCE mo...

Projected future trends in water availability are associated with large uncertainties in many regions of the globe. In mountain areas with complex topography, climate models have often limited capabilities to adequately simulate the precipitation variability on small spatial scales. Also, their validation is hampered by typically very low station density. In the Central Andes of South America, a semi-arid high-mountain region with strong seasonality, zonal wind in the upper troposphere is a good proxy for interannual precipitation variability. Here, we combine instrumental measurements, reanalysis and paleoclimate data, and a 57-member ensemble of CMIP5 model simulations to assess changes in Central Andes precipitation over the period AD 1000-2100. This new database allows us to put future projections of precipitation into a previously missing multi-centennial and pre-industrial context....