This study was funded by the French National League against Cancer (team label LNCC) and Odyssey-RE; E.D., S.B., and P.P. were supported by the Third Cancer Plan, ITMO Cancer of the French National Alliance for Life Sciences and Health (ENV201408); J.P.C. was a recipient of a doctoral fellowship from the Peruvian National Council for Science and Technology (212-2015-FONDECYT); L.C. was a recipient of a doctoral fellowship from French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) (EMHE-ARTS-2016-878573B); and L.C., E.R., and S.C. were supported by the Young Research Teams Associated with IRD Program (INCAncer). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors wish to acknowledge all patients whose participation was essential to the achievement of this study. The authors are grateful to...

In the original publication [1], the funder “MEAE AMBASS FRANCE AU PEROU FSPI—S-AC23007, Filière Santé Maladie Rare «TeteCou-CRANIOST»” must be modified by “This research received no external funding” due to the fact that, since it is a computationaldeveloped article, the use of funds was not necessary.

Cranial neural crest cells are implicated in multiple transcriptional events at the different stages of differentiation during development. The alteration of some transcription factors expressed during neural crest development, like PAX7, could be implicated in the etiology of face malformation in murine models. Epigenetic regulation has been shown to be an important mechanistic actor in the control of timing and the level of gene expression at different stages of neural crest development. During this work, we investigated the interconnection between epigenetics and transcription factors across a diversity of human development cranial neural crest cells. Across a diversity of neural cells from human developing cranial tissues, in accordance with their proliferation stage, an alternative balance of regulation between transcription factors and epigenetic factors was identified.

We previously described a divergent clinical and molecular presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Peru. The present study aimed to further characterize the tissue features associated with this singular nosological form of HCC in order to gain insight into the natural history of the disease. We performed an exploratory analysis of the histology of both tumor and non-tumor liver (NTL) tissues from 50 Peruvian HCC patients, and compared with that of 75 individuals with non-HCC liver tumor or benign liver lesions as a baseline for NTL features. We complemented this approach with a transcriptome analysis in a subset of NTL tissue samples and also performed an ultra-sensitive hepatitis B virus (HBV) detection in liver tissues of the patients. Overall, results highlighted the low rate of liver parenchymal alterations in a young patient cohort (median age: 40 years old), despite a str...

This work was supported by the Alliance pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé (AVIESAN), ITMO Cancer ENV201408 (to S.B.) and the Ligue Contre le Cancer (to P.P.). J.P.C. was a recipient of a doctoral scholarship from the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica (FONDECYT) 212-2015-FONDECYT and was supported by a fellowship from Campus France 941211E; L.C. was supported by a doctoral fellowship from IRD ARTS-2016-878573B; I.L. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer PDF20170505624; J.J.F. has received funding from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) under the Investments for the Future program 11-LABX-0068; S.C.Z. and E.R. have received funding from the World Bank Group and FONDECYT-CONCYTEC under the Research Infrastructure Improvement program 016-2018-FONDECYT/BM; and S.B. ...