The effect of increasing levels of supplementation with potato by-products on sheep body weight gain was evaluated. It was used 120 Junín sheep (69 female and 51 male) in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement (two sexes x 5 feeding types). One treatment was 8 h/day of grazing and other four with addition of 0, 200, 400 and 600 g of potato by-products over ammoniated corn crop residue basal diet on 4-h a day grazing system for 24 days. Body weight gain was higher in males (p<0.01) in which the response pattern to the increasing levels of potato by-products supplementation was quadratic (p<0.01), and the level of 570 g of potato by-products gave a biological and economic performance similar to the full (8-h a day) grazing system. Data suggested that the inclusion of 570 g of potato by-products on ammoniated corn crop residues is a practical and economical feeding strategy for fattening male...

The effect of particle size (PS) and type of ammoniation-preservation (AP) on the digestibility and intake of corn crop residues in sheep was evaluated. Four sheep were used in a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement: PS (1, 2, 3, and 4 cm) and AP [no ammoniated no silage (NA) and three ammoniated treatments with different plastic silage: aerial silage on the soil (AS), silage on the soil covered with ground (SC) and silage interred in a compost pit (SI)]. There was no effect of PS, but ammoniated silage treatments (AS, SC, SI) significantly (p<0.01) improved the digestibility and intake of the corn crop residue. AS and SI performed better in protein and fiber digestibility. It was concluded that the 2 cm-AS combination was considered the most appropriate from an economic, practical and technical viewpoint.

Se evaluó el efecto de niveles crecientes de suplementación con subproducto de papa sobre la ganancia de peso vivo en ovinos. Se usó 120 ovinos Junín (69 hembras y 51 machos) en un arreglo factorial de 5 tratamientos x 2 sexos. Un tratamiento fue de solo pastoreo por 8 h y los otros cuatro fueron de 4 h/día de pastoreo más rastrojo de maíz amonificado (550 g/animal(día) con adición de 0, 200, 400 y 600 g/ovino/día de subproducto de papa para un periodo de engorde de 24 días. La respuesta en ganancia de peso a la suplementación con subproducto de papa fue mayor para ovinos machos (p<0.01), en los cuales el patrón de respuesta para los niveles crecientes de subproducto de papa fue de tipo cuadrático (p<0.05), y donde un nivel de 570 g de subproducto de papa dio ganancias de peso e índices económicos similares a los del sistema pastoril (8 h/día). Se concluye que la i...

Se evaluó el efecto del tamaño de partícula (TP) y tipo de amonificación-conservación (AC) sobre la digestibilidad y consumo de rastrojos de maíz en ovinos. Se usó cuatro ovinos criollos en un arreglo factorial 4 x 4: TP (1, 2, 3 y 4 cm) x AC [no amonificado ni ensilado (SS) y tres tratamientos amonificados con variantes de conservación en silo plástico: aéreo (SA), cubierto con tierra sobre el suelo (SC) y enterrado en poza de compostaje (SE)]. No se encontró efecto de TP, pero los tratamientos con amonificación (SA, SC, SE) obtuvieron mejor digestibilidad y consumo (p<0.01). Además, SA y SE fueron mejores para la digestibilidad de proteína y fibra. Se concluye que la amonificación del rastrojo de maíz picado a un tamaño cercano a los 2 cm y en SA es el más apropiado desde el punto de vista económico, práctico y técnico.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide (CD), eucalyptus leaf extract - grapefruit seed (ELE-GS), seed extract - grapefruit pulp (SE-GP) on reducing the load of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, E. coli, and total coliforms in guinea pig carcasses (Cavia porcellus). It was used a completely randomized factorial design with seven treatments: T1 = Control, T2 = CD 20 ppm, T3 = CD 30 ppm, T4 = ELE-GS 3000 ppm, T5 = ELE-GS 5000 ppm, T6 = SE-GP 400 ppm and T7 = SE-GP 800 ppm, where each treatment had five replicates (carcasses), except T1 (n=6). All treatments were effective in reducing the load of aerobic mesophilic bacteria in relation to the control group (T1). In the case ofE. coli, T5 was more efficient than T1 (p<0.05), and in total coliforms, T3, T5, T6, and T7 were more efficient that T1 (p<0.05). It is concluded that the use of CD 30 ppm and ELE-GS...

The association between positive cases of Salmonella sp isolated from vaginal swabs collected within 24 hours of the parturition and stillbirth in a guinea pig farm in Huancayo, Peru was evaluated. The study included 258 breeding females using a CaseControl design, where litter size was paired between the two groups and parity and number of birth and barn of the breeding female were used as co-variables. In the ‘Case’ group were included females with at least one stillbirth per litter and in the ‘Control’ group were included females where the entire litter was alive. Results showed that 8.5% of the breeding females in the ‘Case’ group were positive to Salmonella sp, and by the logistic regression analysis was estimated an Odds Ratio of 4.32 (95% confidence interval; p<0.05) for positive cases in relation to the controls. On the other hand, the cause of death in 91.5% (118/...

El estudio fue realizado con la finalidad de evaluar la efectividad del dióxido de cloro (DC), extracto de hojas de eucalipto - semilla de toronja (EHE-ST) y extracto de semilla pulpa de toronja (ES-PT) en distintas concentraciones (ppm) sobre la reducción de recuentos promedios de bacterias aerobias mesófilas, E. coli y coliformes totales en carcasas de cuyes (Cavia porcellus). Se utilizó un diseño factorial completamente al azar con siete tratamientos: T1 = Control, T2 = DC 20 ppm, T3 = DC 30 ppm, T4 = EHE-ST 3000 ppm, T5 = EHE-ST 5000 ppm, T6 = ES-PT 400 ppm y T7 = ES-PT 800 ppm, con 5 repeticiones (carcasas) cada uno, excepto en T1 (n=6). Todos los tratamientos fueron eficaces en reducir los recuentos de bacterias aerobias mesófilas en las carcasas con respecto al control (T1) (p<0.05). En la reducción de E. coli, T5 fue más eficaz con respecto a T1 (p<0.05), y en la re...

The association between positive cases of Salmonella sp isolated from vaginal swabs collected within 24 hours of the parturition and stillbirth in a guinea pig farm in Huancayo, Peru was evaluated. The study included 258 breeding females using a CaseControl design, where litter size was paired between the two groups and parity and number of birth and barn of the breeding female were used as co-variables. In the ‘Case’ group were included females with at least one stillbirth per litter and in the ‘Control’ group were included females where the entire litter was alive. Results showed that 8.5% of the breeding females in the ‘Case’ group were positive to Salmonella sp, and by the logistic regression analysis was estimated an Odds Ratio of 4.32 (95% confidence interval; p<0.05) for positive cases in relation to the controls. On the other hand, the cause of death in 91.5% (118/...

The study evaluated the effect of the energy supplementation on the optimal culling age of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) in the Peruvian highlands. Two hundred guinea pigs of 4 weeks old were distributed in fours treatments during 13 weeks: forage ad libitum (T0), forage ad libitum plus 10 g barley grain/animal (T1), forage ad libitum plus 7 g sunflower seed/animal (T2), and forage ad libitum plus 5 g barley grain and 3.5 g sunflower seed/animal (T3). A randomized complete block design, with initial live weight defining the block, and 5 experimental units of 10 animals each, was applied. The energy supplementation improved body weight gain and feed conversion index (p<0.05), whereas the combination of sunflower seed and barley grain had an additional effect on body weight gain (T3) and the inclusion of sunflower (T2) on feed conversion index (p<0.05). The energy supplementation had...

El estudio evaluó el efecto de la suplementación energética sobre el momento óptimo económico de beneficio de cuyes en la Sierra peruana. Se utilizaron 200 cuyes machos de 4 semanas de edad, distribuidos en cuatro tratamientos por 13 semanas: forraje ad libitum (T0), forraje ad libitum más 10 g de cebada grano/animal (T1), forraje ad libitum más 7 g de semilla de girasol/animal (T2), y forraje ad libitum más 5 g de cebada grano y 3.5 g de semilla de girasol/animal (T3). Se empleó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con el peso inicial como bloque, y 5 unidades experimentales de 10 animales por unidad. La suplementación energética mejoró significativamente la ganancia de peso y la conversión alimenticia (p<0.05); donde la combinación de granos girasol y cebada (T3) tienen un efecto adicional sobre la ganancia de peso, y la inclusión de girasol (T2) sobre la conversi...

The purpose of the study was to strengthen the development and validation of a body condition score (BCS) system for guinea pigs of the IVITA Research Centre, measuring its consistency among evaluators and its ability to predict fat changes. Forty Peru female guinea pigs were under feed restriction for four weeks to obtain animals in each unit of the BCS. Four technicians evaluated each animal in a 1 to 5 rating system, with 0.5 increments (1 = emaciated, 5 = obese). Then, the animals were weighed and measured to obtain the body mass index (BMI) and slaughtered to obtain the gravimetric mass of the mesenteric, perirenal-uterine, dorso-cervical-caudal, mammary, popliteal, and axilar fat deposits. The inter-rater reliability was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); the association between BCS and nine quantitative estimates of body fat was measured through correlation ...

The effect of vital area on productive and reproductive performance was evaluated in 2,325 guinea pigs at IVITA El Mantaro Research Station (300 growing male and female guinea pigs, 750 fattening male and female guinea pigs and 200 female and 25 first mating male guinea pigs). The study was divided in seven assays. Five different vital areas and five different number of animals per well were evaluated in each assay. A total of 25 wells were used for each assay. Different variables (body weight gain, alfalfa intake, feeding convertion index, number of scars due to fights, litter size, mortality and profit/cost index) associated to each productive phase were analyzed. Larger vital areas in assays that involved growing and fattening males resulted in greater body weight gain, lower alfalfa intake, lower feeding convertion index and lower number of scars due to fights. All of these variables...

The study evaluated the effect of four types of drinkers and the addition of Vitamin C in the supplement on the productive performance and economic benefit of guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) reared during the dry season in the Mantaro valley, Junin, Peru. Four hundred weaned males, 14 ± 3 days of age from the experimental farm of the IVITA Research Centre were used in a completely randomized design with 2 x 4 arrangement factorial (with and without addition of vitamin C and four types of drinkers) using five experimental units for treatment and every experimental unit formed by 10 animals. The drinkers were the type of a bowl (POC), continuous recharge (REC), suction (SUC) and nipple (NIP). The quantity of vitamin C supplied was 12 mg/animal/day. REC and NIP drinkers allowed a major consumption of water than POC and SUC (p<0.05), but REC had a greater waste of water. A similar trend was...

The study evaluated the effect of various types of forage feeders on the efficiency offorage usage and on the productive and economic response of guinea pig (Caviaporcellus) breeding. A total of 250 weaned male of 15 days of age at the Mantaro valley,Junín, Peru were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments of foragesupply and five repetitions per treatment. Each repetition corresponded to a cage withten guinea pigs. Four forage feeders were evaluated: cylindrical mesh on the floor (CMP),hanging U shaped mesh (MCU), iron grilled with foot on the floor (PFP) and hopper meshin V shaped (TMV), plus the traditional method with the forage directly on the floor(DSP). The use of feeders improved forage consumption efficiency, total food consumptionand benefit cost ratio (p<0.05). MCU was the most promising feeder in terms of forageconsumption efficiency, body weight gain,...

El propósito del estudio fue contribuir al desarrollo y validación de un índice de condición corporal (ICC) para cuyes del Centro de Investigación IVITA, midiendo su consistencia entre evaluadores y su capacidad de predicción de la acumulación de grasa corporal. Se trabajó con 40 hembras Perú, las cuales fueron sometidas a restricciones variables en la dieta por cuatro semanas para obtener individuos representativos de cada unidad del ICC. Cuatro técnicos evaluaron el ICC de cada animal en una escala de 1 a 5 con incrementos de 0.5 (1 es emaciado, 5 es obeso). Luego, los cuyes fueron pesados y medidos para obtener el índice de masa corporal (IMC), y se beneficiaron para obtener la masa gravimétrica de los cuerpos grasos mesentérico, perirenal-uterino, dorso cervical caudal, mamario, poplíteo y axilar. Se estimó el grado de consistencia del ICC entre evaluadores mediante el...

El efecto del espacio vital sobre los parámetros productivos y reproductivos fue evaluado en 2,325 cuyes de la Estación IVITA El Mantaro (300 machos y hembras de recría, 750 machos y hembras de engorde y 200 hembras y 25 machos de primer empadre). El estudio se dividió en siete ensayos evaluando en cada uno de ellos cinco diferentes espacios vitales con cinco diferentes cantidades de animales por poza, totalizando 25 pozas para cada ensayo. Se analizaron variables asociadas a cada etapa productiva (ganancia de peso, consumo de alfalfa, índice de conversión alimenticia, número de cicatrices debido a peleas, tamaño de camada, mortalidad y la relación beneficio/costo). En los ensayos de recría y engorde de machos los mayores espacios vitales permitieron obtener mayores ganancias de peso, menor consumo de alfalfa, menor índice de conversión alimenticia y menor número de cicatric...

The study evaluated the effect of four types of drinkers and the addition of Vitamin C in the supplement on the productive performance and economic benefit of guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) reared during the dry season in the Mantaro valley, Junin, Peru. Four hundred weaned males, 14 ± 3 days of age from the experimental farm of the IVITA Research Centre were used in a completely randomized design with 2 x 4 arrangement factorial (with and without addition of vitamin C and four types of drinkers) using five experimental units for treatment and every experimental unit formed by 10 animals. The drinkers were the type of a bowl (POC), continuous recharge (REC), suction (SUC) and nipple (NIP). The quantity of vitamin C supplied was 12 mg/animal/day. REC and NIP drinkers allowed a major consumption of water than POC and SUC (p<0.05), but REC had a greater waste of water. A similar trend was...

El estudio evaluó el efecto de varias formas de suministro de forraje verde sobre laeficiencia del uso de forraje y la respuesta productiva y económica en la crianza de cuyes(Cavia porcellus). Se trabajó con 250 cuyes machos destetados de 15 días de edad en elvalle del Mantaro, Junín, Perú, utilizando un diseño completamente al azar con cincotratamientos de suministro de forraje, empleando cinco unidades experimentales portratamiento y cada unidad con 10 cuyes. Se emplearon cuatro tipos de comederos paraforraje: de malla sobre el piso en forma cilíndrica (CMP), malla colgante en forma de U(MCU), parrilla de fierro con patas sobre el piso (PFP) y tolva de malla en forma de Vcompartida (TMV), además del método tradicional de ofrecer el forraje directamente sobreel piso (DSP). El empleo de los comederos para forraje mejoraron la eficiencia enconsumo de forraje, consumo total de al...

The effect of feed supplementation with barley meal and mineral block on body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion index, slaughter age, production cost and profit/cost ratio was evaluated in guinea pigs fed with alfalfa. A total of 250 male weaned animals were used in a completely randomized block design with a 2x2 factorial arrangement (barley meal x mineral block) and one additional treatment for contrast (balanced diet).Barley meal supplementation significantly improved (p<0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion index, benefit cost ratio and decreased slaughter age while mineral block supplementation only decreased slaughter age (p<0.05). On the other hand,plain forage without supplements and forage plus barley meal showed the best economic results.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three mating types and two feeding types on reproductive parameters. A total of 210 females and 30 males guinea pigs were used in a complete block design with a factorial arrangement of three mating types (post-partum, post weaning, 7-day after weaning) x two feeding types (green forage, green forage with supplement). The study included the evaluation of the reproductive performance of females between the second and third parturition. The results showed the significant effect of the mating type on birth weight, number of parturitions per year and the efficient use of estrus (p<0.05). Additionally, there was a significant effect of feeding type on birth weight (p<0.05). The interaction feeding and mating type was significant indicating that supplementation tends to improve fertility rate, litter size and annual productivity index when apply...