The present workwas carried out at the Experimental Research Station Quimsachata- INIA, Puno. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of three semen extenders in alpaca semen: Tris-glucose,Tris-fructose and a pig´s commercial extender. Twelve animals were selected for semen collection using the artificial vagina. Males were trained for a month.Mean values for semen parameterswere: volume of 2.7 ± 0.8ml, viscosityof 1. 04 ± 0.3, motility of 54.0 ± 8.0%, pHtowards to alkaline, concentration of 248,000 sperms/ml, and themost common color wasmilkywhite. The average time for the copula was 26.5 ± 3.8 minutes. Semen was diluted in 1:2 and the dilutions were evaluated on individual motility as the only parameter for sperm viability. The extender Tris-glucose had an average of 5.8 ± 1.1 hours viability, Tris-fructose had 6.1 ± 2.5 hours, and the commercial extender had 5.5 ± 1.0 hou...

The aim if this study was to determine the effect of copulation time and the intramuscular application of seminal plasma (PS) in alpacas on pregnancy rate. A total of 161 female alpacas with ≥15 days postpartum, with calf at foot, and with the presence of preovulatory follicle ≥7 mm, identified by ultrasonography were used. The animals were randomized into six groups: G1 (n = 28) 5 min of copula without PS application; G2 (n = 28) 5 min of copula with application of 1 ml of PS i.m.; G3 (n = 27) 10 min of copula without application of PS; G4 (n = 27) 10 min of copula plus 1 ml of PS; G5 (n = 26) >15 min of copula without PS; G6 (n = 25) >15 min of copula with 1 ml PS. To avoid the male effect, the same animal was used to mate a female from the PS group and another from the control group for each study time. Pregnancy diagnosis was done by transrectal ultrasonography 25 days afte...

El presente trabajo tuvo el propósito de evaluar la eficiencia de tres dilutores: Trisglucosa, Tris-fructosa y un dilutor comercial de cerdo, en la conservación del semen de alpaca. Se utilizaron 12 machos que fueron entrenados por un mes en la colección de semen con vagina artificial y frazadilla eléctrica. Los animales fueron de la Sub-Estación ExperimentalQuimsachata del INIA, Puno. El semen tuvo las siguientes características: volumen de 2.7 ± 0.8 ml, viscosidad de 1.04 ± 0.3, motilidad de 54.0 ± 8.0%, pH con tendencia a la alcalinidad, concentración de 248,100 espermatozoides/ml, y el color que predominó fue el blanco lechoso. El tiempo promedio de cópula fue de 26.5 ± 3.8minutos. Se utilizó un factor de dilución de 1 en 2 para semen y dilutor, respectivamente. Las diluciones fueron evaluadas considerando lamotilidad individual como único parámetro para determinar l...

The aim if this study was to determine the effect of copulation time and the intramuscular application of seminal plasma (PS) in alpacas on pregnancy rate. A total of 161 female alpacas with ≥15 days postpartum, with calf at foot, and with the presence of preovulatory follicle ≥7 mm, identified by ultrasonography were used. The animals were randomized into six groups: G1 (n = 28) 5 min of copula without PS application; G2 (n = 28) 5 min of copula with application of 1 ml of PS i.m.; G3 (n = 27) 10 min of copula without application of PS; G4 (n = 27) 10 min of copula plus 1 ml of PS; G5 (n = 26) >15 min of copula without PS; G6 (n = 25) >15 min of copula with 1 ml PS. To avoid the male effect, the same animal was used to mate a female from the PS group and another from the control group for each study time. Pregnancy diagnosis was done by transrectal ultrasonography 25 days afte...

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect the embryo transfer to the uterinehorn ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of the corpus luteum (CL) and the size of CLon the embryo survival in llamas. It was used 43 recipient adult females randomly assignedto 4 groups: G1 (n=10): CL in right ovary and ipsilateral embryo transfer, G2 (n=10): CL inright ovary and contralateral transfer, G3 (n=15): CL in left ovary and ipsilateral transfer,and G4 (n=8): CL in left ovary and contralateral transfer. Ten llamas were used as embryodonors. They were synchronized with LH (1 ml) on Day 0 (D0), superovulated with 1000UI eCG on D3, luteolysis was induced with PGF2?on D7, and mated on D8. Recipientswere treated on D7 with LH to get synchrony with the donors. On D14 embryos werecollected, evaluated and transferred. The results showed that 60 (G1) and 75% (G3)recipients conceived when embryo tra...

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect the embryo transfer to the uterinehorn ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of the corpus luteum (CL) and the size of CLon the embryo survival in llamas. It was used 43 recipient adult females randomly assignedto 4 groups: G1 (n=10): CL in right ovary and ipsilateral embryo transfer, G2 (n=10): CL inright ovary and contralateral transfer, G3 (n=15): CL in left ovary and ipsilateral transfer,and G4 (n=8): CL in left ovary and contralateral transfer. Ten llamas were used as embryodonors. They were synchronized with LH (1 ml) on Day 0 (D0), superovulated with 1000UI eCG on D3, luteolysis was induced with PGF2?on D7, and mated on D8. Recipientswere treated on D7 with LH to get synchrony with the donors. On D14 embryos werecollected, evaluated and transferred. The results showed that 60 (G1) and 75% (G3)recipients conceived when embryo tra...

The aim of the study was to evaluate in llama embryosthe effect of twocryopreservation methods on the in vivo and in vitro survival rate. Seventy three hatchedblastocysts were recovered by a non-surgical technique at day 6.5 after mating fromsuperstimulated llamas. Receptors were randomly allocated to a control group (n=14),vitrification (n=30) and slow freezing (n=29). On vitrification, embryos were exposed to avitrification solution (VS) containing 20% Glycerol + 20% Ethylene glycol + 0.5 M Sucrose+ 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) + 50 μg/ml gentamicin sulfate, and then plunged into liquidnitrogen in 0.25 ml straws. On the slow freezing, embryos were exposed to phosphatebuffer saline (PBS) with 1.5 M Ethylene glycol + 10% FCS + 50 μg/ml gentamicin sulfate,loaded in 0.25 ml straws, and cooled at a rate of 0.12 °C/min to 5 °C. Then, furthertemperature decrease at 5 °C /min rate, to -20 �...

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de dos métodos de criopreservación sobre la supervivencia in vivo e in vitro de embriones de llama. Se recuperaron 73 embriones en estadio de blastocisto eclosionado mediante una técnica no quirúrgica a los 6.5 días post servicio en llamas superestimuladas. Las llamas receptoras se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en grupo Control (n = 14), de vitrificación (n=30) y de congelación lenta (n=29). Para la vitrificación, los embriones fueron expuestos a la solución de vitrificación (SV) conteniendo 20% Glicerol + 20% Etilenglicol + 0.5M Sucrosa + 10% suero fetal bovino (SFB) + 50 μg/ml sulfato de gentamicina, y sumergidos en nitrógeno líquido dentro de pajillas de 0.25 ml. Para la congelación lenta, los embriones fueron expuestos a fosfato buffer salino (PBS) con 1.5 M de Etilenglicol + 10% de SFB + 50 μg/ml de sulfato de gentamicina, ...

The effect of the stage of development of the follicular wave (growth phase, static and regression of the dominant follicle) prior to the natural mounting on the ovulation rate, and the recovery rate and embryo quality in alpacas was evaluated. It was used 51 female alpacas with presence of dominant follicle greater than or equal to 7 mm, which were synchronized with a GnRH analogue. The groups were T1 (n=16): growth phase; T2 (n=19): Static phase and T3 (n=18): Regression phase. The day of the copula was considered as day 0. Ultrasonographic evaluations were conducted on day 2 (occurrence of ovulation) and on day 7 (to measure the size of the corpus luteum). The embryo recovering was done 7 days after the service. Two animals of T1 did not ovulate. There were no significant differences between groups by size of the dominant follicle at the time of service, ovulation rate or size of the ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the superovulatory and embryonic response in alpacas with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) according to the number of follicles recruited >3 mm in the follicular wave (FW). Twenty-six alpacas from the CIP “Chuquibambilla”, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Peru, were selected and distributed into two experimental groups: GE01 (n=15 alpacas) with less than three follicles >3 mm and GE02 (n=11 alpacas) with more from four follicles >3 mm in diameter to follicular recruitment post-induction of ovulation by a follicle >7 mm with 0.0042 mg of buserelin acetate (BA). Both groups were evaluated by ultrasound every other day until the beginning of the third follicular wave. Subsequently, females with follicles >7 mm were induced to ovulate with BA (day 0), ovulation was verified at 36 h and 700 IU of eCG was administered. On day...

The effect of superovulatory treatment during the two phases of the ovarian cycleon follicular growth and embryo quality was evaluated in 45 sexually adult llamas. Animals bearing a >7 mm follicle, observed by ultrasonography, were selected and allocated into 3 groups: T0 (non-stimulated), T1 (superovulatory treatment during the non luteal phase), and T2 (superovulatory treatment during the luteal phase). Animals in groups T1 and T2 received 1 ml of LH (day 0) for synchronization of the follicular wave and 1000 IU of eCG (day 3) as superovulatory treatment. Vaginal sponges impregnated with progesterone were used on days 3 to 7 in T2 to simulate the luteal phase. The induction of the ovulation (day 8) was done through natural mating and the application of GnRH (1 ml). Embryo recovery was done 7 days after natural mating (day 15) on T1 and T2. Similarly, embryo recovery was done 7 days ...

Se evaluó el efecto del tratamiento superovulatorio en las dos fases del ciclo ovárico sobre la respuesta folicular y la calidad embrionaria en 45 llamas hembras adultas. Se incluyeron en el estudio aquellos animales que a la ecografía presentaron un folículo preovulatorio >7 mm. Los animales se distribuyeron en tres grupos: T0 (no estimulado), T1 (tratamiento superovulatorio en fase no luteal) y T2 (tratamiento superovulatorio en fase luteal). Los animales de T1 y T2 recibieron 1 ml de LH (día 0) para sincronizar la onda folicular y 1000 UI de eCG (día 3) como tratamiento superovulatorio. Se utilizaron esponjas vaginales impregnadas con progesterona entre el día 3 y 7 para simular la fase luteal en el T2. La inducción de la ovulación se hizo mediante monta natural y aplicación de 1 ml de GnRH (día 8). La colección y evaluación de embriones se realizó 7 días post cópul...

The effect of the stage of development of the follicular wave (growth phase, static and regression of the dominant follicle) prior to the natural mounting on the ovulation rate, and the recovery rate and embryo quality in alpacas was evaluated. It was used 51 female alpacas with presence of dominant follicle greater than or equal to 7 mm, which were synchronized with a GnRH analogue. The groups were T1 (n=16): growth phase; T2 (n=19): Static phase and T3 (n=18): Regression phase. The day of the copula was considered as day 0. Ultrasonographic evaluations were conducted on day 2 (occurrence of ovulation) and on day 7 (to measure the size of the corpus luteum). The embryo recovering was done 7 days after the service. Two animals of T1 did not ovulate. There were no significant differences between groups by size of the dominant follicle at the time of service, ovulation rate or size of the ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the superovulatory and embryonic response in alpacas with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) according to the number of follicles recruited >3 mm in the follicular wave (FW). Twenty-six alpacas from the CIP “Chuquibambilla”, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Peru, were selected and distributed into two experimental groups: GE01 (n=15 alpacas) with less than three follicles >3 mm and GE02 (n=11 alpacas) with more from four follicles >3 mm in diameter to follicular recruitment post-induction of ovulation by a follicle >7 mm with 0.0042 mg of buserelin acetate (BA). Both groups were evaluated by ultrasound every other day until the beginning of the third follicular wave. Subsequently, females with follicles >7 mm were induced to ovulate with BA (day 0), ovulation was verified at 36 h and 700 IU of eCG was administered. On day...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la susceptibilidad del cuerpo lúteo al cloprostenol sódico (análogo sintético de la PGF2a) durante el desarrollo de la fase luteal en alpacas inducidas a ovulación con plasma seminal o con GnRH. El plasma seminal se obtuvo de muestras de semen de alpaca colectadas mediante vagina artificial, y diluido en proporción 1:1 en buffer fosfato salino (PBS), centrifugado y conservado a -20 °C. Se utilizaron 96 alpacas hembras con folículo >7 mm que fueron inducidas a ovulación mediante la inyección de plasma seminal (n=48) y GnRH (n=48). Las alpacas que ovularon fueron distribuidas en forma aleatoria en 6 grupos: un grupo control y 5 grupos tratados con PGF2a los días 4, 5, 6, 7 y 8 posinducción de ovulación. Se colectaron muestras de sangre para determinar los perfiles de progesterona sérica al inicio y 24 horas del tratamiento. No h...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la susceptibilidad del cuerpo lúteo al cloprostenol sódico (análogo sintético de la PGF2a) durante el desarrollo de la fase luteal en alpacas inducidas a ovulación con plasma seminal o con GnRH. El plasma seminal se obtuvo de muestras de semen de alpaca colectadas mediante vagina artificial, y diluido en proporción 1:1 en buffer fosfato salino (PBS), centrifugado y conservado a -20 °C. Se utilizaron 96 alpacas hembras con folículo >7 mm que fueron inducidas a ovulación mediante la inyección de plasma seminal (n=48) y GnRH (n=48). Las alpacas que ovularon fueron distribuidas en forma aleatoria en 6 grupos: un grupo control y 5 grupos tratados con PGF2a los días 4, 5, 6, 7 y 8 posinducción de ovulación. Se colectaron muestras de sangre para determinar los perfiles de progesterona sérica al inicio y 24 horas del tratamiento. No h...

The effect of a probiotic formula containing a consortium of actinomycetes on the productive performance and intestinal integrity of broiler chickens from 1 to 28 days of age reared in experimental batteries was evaluated. A total of 320 male Cobb 500 chickens were used, randomly distributed in four treatments with eight repetitions and ten chickens per repetition: T1, basal diet (without growth promoters); T2, basal diet + growth promoters (tylosin 200 g/t, salinomycin + nicarbazin 500 g/t); T3, basal diet + Bacillus subtilis (100 g/t); T4, basal diet + actinomycetes consortium (100 g/t). At 21 and 28 days of age, eight birds per treatment were slaughtered to assess intestinal integrity (intestinal histomorphometry) and relative organ weight. At 14 days of age, the actinomycetes consortium significantly improved feed conversion versus the group receiving a basal diet (p<0.05) and had...