Violence against women during the pandemic has become a problem that has affected the world and to date has caused the death of many women. Although mental health has shown a growing interest in research, it is still very susceptible to being affected. This research described the scientific literature on the challenges in the psychotherapeutic approach in victims of violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America. A narrative review was carried out with a search of documents in the Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases, using descriptors for women, violence against women, COVID-19 and Latin America. As a result, 12 studies were included, which reported that the use of helplines, digital platforms of care and teletherapy were advantageous in several Latin American countries during the pandemic; difficulties were found in the accessibility of care for cases, coll...

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Esta investigación tuvo como propósito describir las características de las aplicaciones móviles de orientación vocacional para celulares inteligentes con plataforma Android disponibles en español, inglés y portugués hasta enero del 2017. Se realizó la búsqueda utilizando la plataforma de Play Store de celulares inteligentes Android con la finalidad de conocer el número de aplicaciones móviles y sus características. Se encontró que las apps de orientación vocacional, hábitos de estudio, personalidad e inteligencia en su mayoría son gratuitas, el idioma predominante de las apps de orientación vocacional es el español, a diferencia de las apps de hábitos de estudio, personalidad e inteligencia es el idioma inglés, un mayor número de descargas equivale a una mayor calidad de la app. Por último, surge la necesidad de crear y ofertar herramientas educativas que engloben...

El presente estudio tuvo el objetivo de determinar el análisis de correspondencia entre del entorno familiar en la niñez y la comisión de delito en población penitenciaria peruana. Se trata de un estudio de análisis de correspondencias múltiples, multivariado para analizar la relación y la agrupación que existe entre género, entorno familiar en la niñez y comisión de delito, utilizando la base de datos del primer Censo Nacional de Población Penitenciario 2016 realizado por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática INEI. De los 76 mil 180 prisioneros de población penitenciaria a nivel nacional, se seleccionó a los presos con sentencia por haber cometido un delito y que fueran peruanos por nacimiento. Se obtuvo la cantidad de 9 mil 621 presos que cumplieron con los criterios de selección, la edad media fue de 35,21, el 95,8% son hombres y el 4,2% mujeres, el 47,5%...

Los canabinoides son sustancias derivadas a partir de las plantas del cannabis (Whiting et al., 2015), las cuales han sido aprobadas por la Food & Drug Admnistration [FDA] para el manejo de diversos síntomas como pérdida de apetito en pacientes con VIH/SIDA, y las náuseas y vómitos asociados a la quimioterapia (OMS, 2015). Sin embargo, un reciente metaanálisis encontró que existe escasa evidencia sobre el uso de canabinoides para diversas condiciones (Whiting et al., 2015). Asimismo, se han reportado eventos adversos tales como mareos, sequedad de boca, náuseas, fatiga, somnolencia, vómitos, desorientación, confusión y alucinaciones (Whiting et al., 2015).

Objetivo: analizar las propiedades psicométricas (validez y confiabilidad) de la versión de 13 ítems del Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-13) para personal de salud que estuvo en servicio presencial durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: estudio instrumental desarrollado en una muestra no probabilística de n= 4179 participantes peruanos, mayormente mujeres 3142 (75,2%), con edades entre 20 y 59 años. Se aplicó el SRQ de 13 ítems implementada en la «Guía técnica del cuidado de la salud mental del personal de salud». Para la validez de la estructura interna se empleó el análisis gráfico exploratorio (AGE) y el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC); para la confiabilidad el omega de McDonald. Todos los análisis se realizaron en el software R Studio. Resultados: encontramos una estructura de cuatro factores relacionados con adecuados índices de ajuste (TL...

The objective of this work is to determine the relationships of the psychological risk variables: life satisfaction, self-esteem, achievement motivation and future expectations of adolescents from a Peruvian jungle town who live in poverty. The methodology is based on a cross-sectional study, where relative and absolute frequencies were deduced, in the same way measures of central tendency and dispersion, thus the relationships of the variables were also analyzed through Pearson's Chi square with a reliability of 95%. The adolescents involved in the study had a mean age of 14 years, the majority 69 (53.5%) were male and 37 (28.7%) without schooling. Also, 102 (79.1%) reported low life satisfaction, 68 (52.7%) low self-esteem, 90 (69.8%) low achievement motivation, and 86 (66.7) low future expectations. A significant relationship was found between the variables sex (p = .011) and life sat...

The objective of this work is to determine the relationships of the psychological risk variables: life satisfaction, self-esteem, achievement motivation and future expectations of adolescents from a Peruvian jungle town who live in poverty. The methodology is based on a cross-sectional study, where relative and absolute frequencies were deduced, in the same way measures of central tendency and dispersion, thus the relationships of the variables were also analyzed through Pearson's Chi square with a reliability of 95%. The adolescents involved in the study had a mean age of 14 years, the majority 69 (53.5%) were male and 37 (28.7%) without schooling. Also, 102 (79.1%) reported low life satisfaction, 68 (52.7%) low self-esteem, 90 (69.8%) low achievement motivation, and 86 (66.7) low future expectations. A significant relationship was found between the variables sex (p = .011) and life sat...

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Introducción: Los niveles de estrés parental aumentaron durante la temporada de educación virtual de sus hijos. Esto hace que los padres se sientan desbordados ante las demandas propias del rol paterno, promoviendo sentimientos negativos sobre sí mismos o sobre sus hijos. Por lo tanto, se pretende determinar la relación entre estrés parental y dedicación a la educación virtual de sus hijos en padres de la ciudad de Tingo María, Perú. Métodos: Es un estudio de diseño no experimental transversal descriptivo de alcance correlacional. En la recolección de datos se utilizó los instrumentos: Escala de Estrés Parental y el Cuestionario Dedicación a la Educación Virtual de sus Hijos, en la cual participaron 356 padres de familia de 18 a 59 años (Me=37; DE=7.49) de la Amazonía peruana dedicados a la agricultura. Resultados: Donde se encontró que n...

Introduction: To determine the prevalence of domestic violence among users of a health center through a retrospective longitudinal analysis by age groups and gender. Methods: This is a retrospective longitudinal study based on data obtained from a health center in Pichari, Cusco, Peru. The sample obtained was 13,040 users of the Comprehensive Health Insurance (SIS) by non-probabilistic sampling. The evaluation was carried out using the Domestic Violence Screening Form (VIF) of the Ministry of Health (MINSA). Results: We found that children and older people have higher survival rates regarding domestic violence, the cumulative risk of domestic violence over time at different stages of development is highest in adolescence, followed by the young stage. Likewise, the cumulative risk is consistently higher for the female gender. Conclusions: Domestic violence pr...

Introduction: To establish better approaches to alcoholism, this scale was developed with a focus on cognitive-behavioral aspects. Objective: Considering alcoholism as an issue that requires self-efficacy attention, the scale is designed to guide the psychotherapist in the behavioral change process of the alcoholic patient. Method: This psychometric research, with a non-experimental mixed-method descriptive design, is delineated by a non-probabilistic sampling method that employs structural equation modeling for an infinite sample. Using statistical software, the Aiken's V was obtained from seven expert judges, and 20 items were considered in the exploratory factor analysis for factor loadings (two factors) and factorial weights (λ = 0.62 - λ = 0.94), with Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett's test of sphericity results (KMO = 0.96, p < 0.01). Results: ...

Los desórdenes mentales son un problema prioritario de salud pública, de manera que su prevalencia mundial se calcula en 17,6%, y se estima que el 22,9% de años vividos con discapacidad a nivel mundial se deben a desórdenes mentales y abuso de sustancias. Para afrontar esta situación, resulta necesario que los sistemas de salud dispongan de personal capacitado en el diagnóstico y manejo de estas condiciones, que incluye el manejo de psicoterapia básica. De esta manera, un metaanálisis refiere que el entrenamiento en psicoterapia del personal de salud no especializado es efectivo en el primer nivel de atención, reduciendo los desórdenes mentales perinatales en mujeres y el riesgo de padecer depresión en adultos hasta en 60%, siendo potencialmente efectivo para otros desórdenes mentales. Coherentemente, la normativa peruana refiere que los encargados de realizar el diagnóstico...

Background: In Peru, there are alarming statistics regarding traffic accidents caused by drivers under the influence of alcohol and emotional problems. Objective: This study aimed to identify whether alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms are predictors of the perception of risky behaviors in drivers. Method: The methodology followed a quantitative approach with a predictive scope, non-experimental design, and cross-sectional study. A non-probabilistic sample of 310 drivers aged 18 to 54 years was used, of whom 95% were male. The study utilized the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Aversion to Risk Taking Scale to assess the participants. Results: Four out of 10 drivers exhibited depressive symptoms, and 7 out of 10 presented alcohol consumption issues. Regarding linear regre...

To translate and validate the WHO-5 General Well-being Index for the people of the Peruvian South, a cross-sectional instrumental study was carried out with the voluntary participation of 186 people of both sexes between the ages of 18 and 65 years (M = 29.67 years old; SD = 10.94) living in the south region of Peru. The validity evidence was assessed based on the content using Aiken's coefficient V according to the internal structure through a confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The expert judgment was favorable for all items (V > 0.70). The unidimensional structure of the scale was confirmed (χ2 = 10.86, df = 5, p = 0.05; RMR = 0.020; GFI = 0.980; CFI = 0.990; TLI = 0.980 y RMSEA = 0.080), and it presents a suitable reliability range (α = > 0.75). This shows that the WHO-5 General Well-being Index for the people of the Pe...

To translate and validate the WHO-5 General Well-being Index for the people of the Peruvian South, a cross-sectional instrumental study was carried out with the voluntary participation of 186 people of both sexes between the ages of 18 and 65 years (M = 29.67 years old; SD = 10.94) living in the south region of Peru. The validity evidence was assessed based on the content using Aiken’s coefficient V according to the internal structure through a confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability was calculated through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The expert judgment was favorable for all items (V > 0.70). The unidimensional structure of the scale was confirmed (χ2 = 10.86, df = 5, p = 0.05; RMR = 0.020; GFI = 0.980; CFI = 0.990; TLI = 0.980 y RMSEA = 0.080), and it presents a suitable reliability range (α = > 0.75). This shows that the WHO-5 General Wellbeing Index for the people of the...

Objective: Cultural adaptation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-PHQ-9 to Bolivian Quechua and analysis of the internal structure validity, reliability, and measurement invariance by sociodemographic variables. Methods: The PHQ-9 was translated and back-translated (English-Quechua-English) to optimise translation. For the cultural adaptation, experts, and people from the target population (e.g., in focus groups) verified the suitability of the translated PHQ-9. For the psychometric analysis, we performed a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to evaluate internal validity, calculated α and ω indices to assess reliability, and performed a Multiple Indicator, Multiple Cause (MIMIC) model for evaluating measurement invariance by sex, age, marital status, educational level and residence. We used standard goodness-of-fit indices to interpret both CFA results. Results: The experts and focus ...