1
artículo
Publicado 2022
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Heart disease is the cause of sudden death in more than 80% of cases. Ischemic heart disease is the cause for 90% of all sudden cardiac deaths, while in the remaining 10% of cases, heart diseases have a hereditary origin and comprise a wide spectrum of disorders that include cardiomyopathies and channelopathies. The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of genetic counseling for patients with hereditary cardiovascular disease and its evaluation by a multidisciplinary team.
2
artículo
Publicado 2020
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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a heterogeneous disease where genes play an important role. Hereditary PAH (PAH) is defined as a genetic condition of autosomal dominant manner, incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity, and which cases of familial PAH are defined by the presence of two or more family members with PAH with or without an identified germline variant and cases of idiopathic PAH corresponding to isolated cases in the family with an identified germline variant. To establish the diagnosis of hAPH, it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis in at least two relatives (HAPf) or identify the germline variant in an isolated case in the family (HAPi).
3
artículo
Publicado 2022
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To understand the term genomic heterogeneity in prostate cancer, we must understand the clonal genomic evolution of cancer, as well as knowing that it is a dynamic and evolutionary phenomenon. Knowing the genome of prostate cancer not only allows us to have a vision over time of the genomic alterations that occur during its different stages, but also to learn about the mechanisms of metastasis. In addition, knowing the hereditary component of prostate cancer allows the evaluation of patients and to be able to identify if we are dealing with a family at risk.
4
artículo
Publicado 2020
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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a heterogeneous disease where genes play an important role. Hereditary PAH (PAH) is defined as a genetic condition of autosomal dominant manner, incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity, and which cases of familial PAH are defined by the presence of two or more family members with PAH with or without an identified germline variant and cases of idiopathic PAH corresponding to isolated cases in the family with an identified germline variant. To establish the diagnosis of hAPH, it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis in at least two relatives (HAPf) or identify the germline variant in an isolated case in the family (HAPi).
5
artículo
Publicado 2017
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Gorlin syndrome (GS) is a genetic disorder with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, with complete penetrance and variable expressivity. GS is caused by germline mutations in the genes PTCH1 or SUFU, which are components of the Sonic hedgehog molecular pathway. GS is characterized by the presence of multiple nevoid basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic cysts, calcification of the brain sickle, and lesions in the palms and soles. This study is the first to report cases in Peru of patients with GS who underwent genetic evaluation and counseling. We present two GS cases that meet the clinical criteria for the syndrome and review the literature.
6
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El síndrome de Lynch (SL), es un síndrome genético con patrón de herencia autosómico dominante, que predispone el desarrollo de cáncer colorrectal y neoplasias extracolónicas, debido a la mutación germinal en alguno de los genes reparadores de los errores de la replicación del ADN (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 o PMS2). El Síndrome de Muir-Torre (SMT), es una variante fenotípica del SL que predispone además a desarrollar tumores de glándulas sebáceas y queratoacantomas. Presentamos el caso de dos pacientes con SMT, con más de una neoplasia relacionada al SL, lesiones cutáneas, antecedentes familiares de cáncer y estudios de inestabilidad de microsatélites e inmunohistoquímica.
7
artículo
Publicado 2017
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Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es la cuarta neoplasia más frecuente en el mundo y según el origen de las alteraciones en el genoma de las células, el CCR se clasifica en esporádico (~70%) y genético (~30%), éste último involucra a los síndromes hereditarios de predisposición al CCR. Objetivo: Describir los síndromes hereditarios de predisposición al CCR, polipósicos y no polipósicos, identificados en el consultorio de Oncogenética del INEN. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional a partir del registro de atenciones en el consultorio de Oncogenética del INEN durante el periodo 2009 al 2013. Se incluyeron a los pacientes con antecedentes personales o familiares de CCR y/o con poliposis colónica que fueron referidos para la evaluación clínica genética al consultorio de Oncogenética del INEN. Resultados: El 59,3% fueron mujeres, 40,7% varones, ...
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Esta revisión tiene como objetivo dar a conocer los aspectos genéticos, clínicos y diagnósticos del síndrome de Lynch, además de brindar la información más relevante acerca de la asesoría genética en estos pacientes y las recomendaciones actuales para su seguimiento.
9
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Today, the number of genetic diseases is around 10000 conditions, affecting to 6%-8% of all populations. This review shows us how the discovery of genetic variants in our genome, this facilitated to know with precision about the mechanisms physiopathological, and hence to recognize those target points susceptible to modifications, through therapeutical strategies different with palliative proposals, increase life expectancy, or improve qualities of life. These therapies are diverse, using drugs for polygenic diseases, nutritional therapy, special formulas, enzyme replacement therapies, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, substrate reduction, oligonucleotides, and gene therapy. These genetic diseases are heterogeneous clinically with a very low frequency; nevertheless, open to the possibility of research in new strategies for more genetic disease, that today, furthermore, are orphans. &nb...
10
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Today, the number of genetic diseases is around 10000 conditions, affecting to 6%-8% of all populations. This review shows us how the discovery of genetic variants in our genome, this facilitated to know with precision about the mechanisms physiopathological, and hence to recognize those target points susceptible to modifications, through therapeutical strategies different with palliative proposals, increase life expectancy, or improve qualities of life. These therapies are diverse, using drugs for polygenic diseases, nutritional therapy, special formulas, enzyme replacement therapies, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, substrate reduction, oligonucleotides, and gene therapy. These genetic diseases are heterogeneous clinically with a very low frequency; nevertheless, open to the possibility of research in new strategies for more genetic disease, that today, furthermore, are orphans. &nb...
11
artículo
Publicado 2016
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El síndrome de Down (SD) o trisomía 21 es una anomalía cromosómica constitucional, que puede presentarse en forma de mosaico en 1 % a 4 % de los casos. El diagnóstico de SD mosaico es difícil debido a que la mayoría de los pacientes tienen un fenotipo normal y no manifiestan alteraciones clínicas importantes. Los pacientes con SD tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar leucemias agudas como la leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA). Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 19 años con trisomía 21 en mosaico y LLA de células B.
12
artículo
Publicado 2019
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in Latin America and the Caribbean, with the highest rates reported for Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina. We provide a global snapshot of the CRC patterns, how screening is performed, and compared/contrasted to the genetic profile of Lynch syndrome (LS) in the region. From the literature, we find that only nine (20%) of the Latin America and the Caribbean countries have developed guidelines for early detection of CRC, and also with a low adherence. We describe a genetic profile of LS, including a total of 2,685 suspected families, where confirmed LS ranged from 8% in Uruguay and Argentina to 60% in Peru. Among confirmed LS, path_MLH1 variants were most commonly identified in Peru (82%), Mexico (80%), Chile (60%), and path_MSH2/EPCAM variants were most frequently identified in Colombia (80%) and Argentina (47%). Path_MSH6 and path_PMS...
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Background & Aims: In Latin America, genetic testing for Lynch syndrome (LS) has been partially implemented. Traditionally, LS diagnosis relied on the Amsterdam criteria and Bethesda guidelines, collectively known as traditional screening (TS). However, TS may miss up to 68% of LS cases. To improve detection rates, universal tumor screening (UTS) has been introduced. UTS involves screening all newly diagnosed patients with colorectal cancer for molecular markers to more effectively identify LS cases. Methods: Clinical and molecular data on 1684 patients with colorectal cancer, collected between 1999 and 2020, were provided by 24 Latin American genetic cancer registries and centers. Germline genetic testing was not consistently performed across all cases. Results: LS screening strategies were available for 72% (1209/1684) of cases, with germline testing conducted in one-quarter (304/1209)...
