The authors thank Marco Ibarra-Castro, Ana Carrasco and Adelayda Pardo for their technical assistance. Dr. Carlos Arbizu from the International Potato Center (CIP), Lima - Perú, is kindly acknowledged for provision of the 35 yacon accessions. This work was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONCYTEC), Perú.

The authors thank Adelayda Pardo for her technical assistance. This work was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONCYTEC), Peru.

The authors are thankful to Ecoandino s.a.c for the maca material. This research was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONCYTEC), Peru.

We thank Dr. Carlos Arbizu, International Potato Center (Lima, Peru) for providing the mashua genotypes. This research was supported by the CUI project of the Cooperation Universi- taire au Developpement (CUD, Belgium), and by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog´ıa (CONCYTEC, Peru).

Two commercial varieties of Peruvian Pouteria lucuma fruits namely “Seda” and “Beltrán” were characterized in terms of their physicochemical properties as well as their primary and secondary metabolites content and profile. Free sugars, dietary fiber, and starch comprise the main components in both varieties. Phenolic compounds derived from flavanoids (flavan-3-ols), gallic acid, and their derivatives were identified. Xanthophylls were tentatively identified based on their UV-vis spectra and enclosed the majority of the carotenoids found in lucuma. Additionally, both varieties showed to be sources of lipophilic compounds such as tocopherols (?, ?, and ?) and triterpenoids. The triterpenoid ?-amyrin was identified in a Pouteria fruit for the first time. The in vitro antioxidant capacity (AoxC) of the lipophilic fraction represented approximately 30% of the total AoxC. These resul...

Lucuma (Pouteria lucuma) is an important exportation fruit in Peru. In this work, the odour-active volatile changes during fruit ripening were studied by using a sensomics approach (GC-O in combination with GC-MS analyses). The volatile compound extracts from unripe and ripe fruits were obtained by solvent-assisted flavour extraction (SAFE) with dichloromethane. By application of the aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) on the ripe fruit extract, 16 odour-active compounds were detected as responsible of sweet, green, and rancid odour-notes, characteristics of this fruit. Based on odour activity value (OAV) calculation, 2,3-butanedione, methional, (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-?-ocimene, and 3-methyl butanoic acid were identified as key-aroma compounds in this fruit. These compounds were also quantitated in the unripe fruit SAFE extract finding that their amount increased with durin...

The objective of this work was to identify primary and secondary metabolites, volatile compounds, bioactive properties and physicochemical characteristics of lucuma fruit at two ripeness stages, before physiological maturity (bPM) and at physiological maturity (PM) or commercial harvest. The content of reducing sugars decreased, while starch content increased. Myo-inositol and vitamin C content decreased and increased, respectively as maturity stage advanced. The content of stearic acid decreased possibly related to the formation of unsaturated fatty acids and volatile compounds, especially aldehydes, such as 2-hexenal. In fact, key identified volatile compounds included 2-hexenal and hexanoic acid. Regarding secondary metabolites and functional properties, these significantly decreased as maturity stage advanced, only the total carotenoid content significantly increased (0.083–0.148 m...

BACKGROUND: The consumption of fruits, mainly berries, has been associated with beneficial health properties. These properties would be related to the quantity and quality of the metabolites present. Some native berries from the Andes, such as Andean elderberry, would be an important source of metabolites with bioactive properties. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate at the physico-chemical and metabolomic level the characteristics of the elderberry from four different high Andean regions, and to determine their bioactive potential through in vitro tests. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the evaluated characteristics according to the Region of procedence of the fruit. Glucose was the main sugar for all berry samples, followed by fructose. Among the most important organic acids, citric and malic acid were found. Elderberry from Apurimac presented the highest content of total sugars and ...

Este trabajo tuvo como finalidad fabricar películas biodegradables fabricadas a partir de almidón de semillas de mango incorporando nanopartículas de plata en estado coloidal y comprobar su potencial para ser usado como material activo. Las nanopartículas de plata fueron fabricadas mediante ruta verde a partir de residuos de uva y fueron añadidas en el proceso de gelatinización de las películas en concentraciones de 3% y 6% v/v. Las nanopartículas de plata fueron caracterizadas mediante espectroscopía UV-Vis y FTIR, mientras que las películas fabricas fueron caracterizadas mediante su densidad y % de contenido de humedad. Las propiedades activas se caracterizaron usando cinética de absorción de agua y biodegradación por enterramiento en suelo. Se encontró un efecto en las características físicas y propiedades activas de las películas debido a la integración de nanopart�...

The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of parasitic zoonosis with ocular localization, diagnosed in the Institute of Ophthalmology (INO), which belongs to the Ministry ofHealth (MINSA) in Lima-Peru, between 1985 to 1999. The analysis of 4,843 histopathology records submitted to the Laboratory of Ocular Pathology between the years 1985 and 1999, showed that 0.47 ± 0.002% (23/4,843) corres-ponded to parasitic zoonosis; where the suggestive lesions of leishmaniosis, toxocaríosis andocularcysticercosis hada frequency of 34.8 ±0.19%, 30.4±0.19% and 17.4±0.15%, respectively. While the analysis carried out with 1,306 clinical records of patients who went to the U vea Service ofthe same institute between the years 1988 and 1999 showed that 22.3 ± 0.02% (291/1,306) suffered from sorne type of parasitic zoonosis being the · most frequent the uveitis dueto toxoplas...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de las zoonosis parasitarias con localización ocular diagnosticadas en el Instituto de Oftalmología (INO) perteneciente al Ministerio de Salud (MINSA) en Lima - Perú, en el periodo comprendido entre 1985 a 1999. En la primera parte del estudio se evaluaron los registros de 4,843 muestras histopatológicas, remitidas al Laboratorio de Patología Ocular entre los años 1985 y 1999, encontrándose que un 0.47±0.002% (23/4,843) correspondieron a zoonosis parasitarias; donde las lesiones sugerentes de leishmaniosis, toxocariosis y cisticercosis oculares tuvieron una frecuencia de 34.8±0.19%, 30.4±0.19% y 17.4±0.15% respectivamente En la segunda parte del estudio, se evaluaron las fichas clínicas de 1,306 pacientes que acudieron al Servicio de Uvea del mismo instituto entre los años 1988 y 1999 encontrándose que un 22.3±0...

Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica (CONCYTEC), Grant/Award Number: 214‐2015‐FONDECYT; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Grant/Award Number: GOH3817N Funding information