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agua processes » manual processes (Expander búsqueda), mag processes (Expander búsqueda), language processes (Expander búsqueda)
1
artículo
One characteristic that best defines today's society is the production of waste, this being higher in so-called "developed" countries. Virtually no human activity that does not generate any waste also exist a direct relationship between the standard of living of a society or country and the amount of waste generated. Approximately 23% of the world population lives in developed countries consume 78% of resources and produces 82% of the waste [Black and Malate, 1996]. Furthermore, the volume of waste grows exponentially with the level of industrialization of a country. There are currently about five million registered substances known of which approximately 70,000 are widely used throughout the world, estimated at about 1,000 new chemicals each year are added to the list.
2
artículo
Publicado 2006
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En este trabajo se presenta una alternativa para el tratamiento de aguas residuales en la Ciudad Universitaria de la UNMSM con el uso de humedales artificiales. Muchos «sistemas naturales» están siendo considerados con el propósito del tratamiento del agua residual y control de la contaminación del agua. El interés en los sistemas naturales está basado en la conservación de los recursos asociados con estos sistemas como opuesto al proceso de tratamiento convencional de aguas residuales que es intensivo respecto al uso de energía y químicos. Los wetlands son uno de los muchos tipos de sistemas naturales que pueden usarse para el tratamiento y control de la contaminación. Según U.S. EPA (1983), «Un wetland se construye específicamente con el propósito de controlar la contaminación y manejar los residuos, en un lugar donde existe un wetland natural. La forma en que estos hum...
3
artículo
Publicado 2010
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Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOX) are based on the in situ generation of hydroxyradicals (·OH), which have a high oxidation potential. In the case of Fenton processes !he generation of hydroxy radicals takes place by the combination of an oxidation agent (H202) with a catalyst (Fe(II)). These radicals are not selective and they react very fast with the organic matter,being able to oxidize a high variety of organic compounds. This property allows the degradation of pollutants into more biodegradable compounds, and,in some cases, their complete mineralization into C02 and mineral acids. Under optimal conditions, (pH=3, (Fe 2+] = 200 mg/L, [H2O2] = 3612 mg/L) the Fenton processes are able to reduce !he concentration of the organic matter present in the textile effiuent, up lo 97%.
4
artículo
Publicado 2010
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Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOX) are based on the in situ generation of hydroxyradicals (·OH), which have a high oxidation potential. In the case of Fenton processes !he generation of hydroxy radicals takes place by the combination of an oxidation agent (H202) with a catalyst (Fe(II)). These radicals are not selective and they react very fast with the organic matter,being able to oxidize a high variety of organic compounds. This property allows the degradation of pollutants into more biodegradable compounds, and,in some cases, their complete mineralization into C02 and mineral acids. Under optimal conditions, (pH=3, (Fe 2+] = 200 mg/L, [H2O2] = 3612 mg/L) the Fenton processes are able to reduce !he concentration of the organic matter present in the textile effiuent, up lo 97%.
5
artículo
In this study Fenton process was optimized in the treatment of landfill leachates “Aguas de las Virgenes”, Huancayo-Perú. The parameters tested were BOD5 , COD, alkalinity, hardness, pH, conductivity, total solids, turbidity, Pb and Cd. Samples were treated in a system of jars with stirring and to optimize the application values the Box – Behnken design and response surface methodology were used. The values of optimal concentrations were determined in two seasons: rainy seasons (pH = 3.19, 1645.55 mg/L of FeSO4 and 1096.55 mg/L of H2 O2 ) and dry seasons (pH = 3.26, 1788.61 mg/L of FeSO4 and 1180.83 mg/L of H2O2). The optimal reaction time was 20 minutes for both seasons. The Biodegradability indicator was 0.568 and 0.329 in rainy seasons and dry seasons, respectively, with a near elimination of 42% of the COD in both periods. Fenton process is an effective alternative for treatme...
6
artículo
Nuestro equipo investigador, en colaboración con la empresa Grupo Interlab, S.A. (Madrid), lleva varios años involucrado en un ambicioso proyecto que ha llevado al mercado un instrumento optoelectrónico para análisis y control medioambiental e industrial. El sistema multicanal utiliza sensores y biosensores sobre fibra óptica basados en indicadores específicos resultantes de la ingeniería molecular y fotoquímica de complejos luminiscentes de Ru(II). De esta forma, se ha conseguido un novedoso dispositivo capaz de monitorizar simultáneamente por vía óptica, in situ y en continuo, diversos parámetros esenciales en calidad de aguas y procesos industriales (oxígeno, temperatura, pH, amonio, DBO, hidrocarburos, detergentes y pesticidas de tipo carbonato) mediante el simple cambio de terminal sensible situado en el extremo de la fibra óptica, ya que todos los indicadores preparad...
7
artículo
Publicado 2023
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This article deals with the processes of liberalization and privatization of economic public services within the framework of the social market economy in Peru. The meaning of liberalization and privatization is provided to differentiate their scope and differences, to later explain how processes have been applied in Peru, particularly in the public services of telecommunications, electricity, natural gas, and potable water and sanitation.
8
artículo
Publicado 2021
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical treatment of wool washing effluents from a textile industry in the city of Arequipa in order to comply with the Maximum Admissible Values (VMA), using 40% ferric trichloride as coagulant and 0,1% MT-FLOC 4299 polymer flocculant. The effluent was physically and chemically characterized at the beginning and at the end of the treatment, measuring pH, temperature, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), oils and fats, sulfates, ilosulphides, ammoniacal nitrogen, total cyanide, hexavalent chromium and turbidity. To determine the optimal doses of coagulant and flocculent, three treatments were done using a jug set at 50, 200 and 40 rpm. The sedimentation time of the floc was 10 minutes. The initial turbidity ranges oscillated between 200 and 800 NTU, obtaining a removal of 89 % ...
9
artículo
Publicado 2002
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The work of leaching is developed in Fewer, Concentrated and Refractory Material (sulfured), in pulp or particles (agitation or piles) to ambient temperature in advance of maximum leaching of twelve hours, using like half lixiviante the acid sulfuric concentrate added salts oxidizers like the chlorides and nitrate of sodium or ammonium nitrate in different proportions. The results obtained regarding the recovery of gold reach 98%. If the gold is encapsulated in the quartz or auriferous sand, fluoride of sodium will be added (never to use the calcium, because it forms plaster that hinders the process) with the purpose of dissolving the quartz, it doesn’t dissolve neither complex form with the gold, it is also good to leave in you liberate noble metals as the titanium, platinum, talio, germanium, etc., those which then are recovered with the means lixiviante to which I have denominated S...
10
artículo
Publicado 2002
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The work of leaching is developed in Fewer, Concentrated and Refractory Material (sulfured), in pulp or particles (agitation or piles) to ambient temperature in advance of maximum leaching of twelve hours, using like half lixiviante the acid sulfuric concentrate added salts oxidizers like the chlorides and nitrate of sodium or ammonium nitrate in different proportions. The results obtained regarding the recovery of gold reach 98%. If the gold is encapsulated in the quartz or auriferous sand, fluoride of sodium will be added (never to use the calcium, because it forms plaster that hinders the process) with the purpose of dissolving the quartz, it doesn’t dissolve neither complex form with the gold, it is also good to leave in you liberate noble metals as the titanium, platinum, talio, germanium, etc., those which then are recovered with the means lixiviante to which I have denominated S...
11
artículo
Publicado 2020
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The response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the optimal experimental conditions to remove persistent organic compounds from a synthetic textile wastewater using a batch photochemical reactor on a laboratory scale. Four factors at three levels were studied: Fenton H2O2/Fe2+ reagent ratio (11,25, 18,75, 26,25 mg/L/mg/L), UV lamp power (4, 11, 18 W), pH (2, 3, 4) and treatment time (60, 120, 180 min). The optimum levels found for the four factors were: ratio of Fenton H2O2/Fe2+ reagents equal to 17 mg/L/mg/L, UV lamp power equal to 4 W, pH equal to 3 and treatment time of 180 min. It was found that the photo- Fenton process is very effective in treating synthetic textile wastewater, with a removal of 86 %, with respect to COD.
12
artículo
Publicado 2003
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This work compare the efficiency of water treatment from Rimac river. Samples from different phases of water treatment (decanted, filtered and chlorinated) were compared with not treated samples. Coliphages quantification was made by Simple Layer and Membrane Filter methods. Most Probable Number (NMP) and Membrane Filter methods were used to assessment of Total Coliforms, Coliforms Thermotolerants and Heterotrophic Bacteria. The standard strain of E. coli C ATCC 13706 was used as coliphages host. The averages of quantified coliphages were of 2267,25 UFP/100 mL in samples with out treatment; 2,11, 2,04 and 1,07 UFP/100 mL in the water samples from decanted, filtered and chlorinated treatment respectively. Total Coliforms and Coliforms Thermotolerants were not detected in samples of chlorinated water. The correlation between coliphages and Total Coliforms in samples of decanted and filtere...
13
artículo
Publicado 2017
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Phenol can be degraded to almost 100 % within a few minutes via Fenton and photo-Fenton processes. Its degradation and the ratio of initial molar concentrations of oxidant and catalyst increase in inverse senses, and a ratio of 38.4 was optimal for aqueous solutions contaminated with 20 ppm of phenol. In addition to this, the use of ultraviolet-A light enhanced degradation when compared to shorter wavelengths.
14
artículo
Our research team, in collaboration with the company Grupo Interlab, S.A. (Madrid), has been involved in an ambitious project for several years that has brought to the market an optoelectronic instrument for environmental and industrial analysis and control. The multichannel system uses optical fiber sensors and biosensors based on specific indicators resulting from molecular and photochemical engineering of luminescent Ru(II) complexes. In this way, a novel device has been achieved capable of simultaneously monitoring optically, in situ and continuously, various essential parameters in water quality and industrial processes (oxygen, temperature, pH, ammonium, BOD, hydrocarbons, detergents and pesticides). carbamate type) by simply changing the sensitive terminal located at the end of the optical fiber, since all the custom-made indicators are excited by the same light and emit luminesce...
15
artículo
Publicado 2024
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The olive industry (OI) generates large quantities of contaminated wastewater, especially during the alkaline treatment of green olives, posing an environmental problem due to the high levels of organic matter, phenolic compounds, and salts present in these effluents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two treatments, adsorption with activated carbon and Fenton reagent, to reduce biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in OI wastewater. Samples were collected from three affected zones in Tacna, Peru, and both treatments were applied using different reagent concentrations. The analysis included measuring BOD5 and COD before and after the treatments, followed by statistical tests to validate the results. The findings showed that although both methods achieved significant reductions in BOD5 and COD, Fenton’s reagent was more efficient in r...
16
tesis de grado
Publicado 2025
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El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el efecto de la recuperación de agua clarificada sobre el consumo de insumos químicos en el tratamiento de efluentes de la empresa Austral Group S.A.A. (2023). Se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo preexperimental, con diseño longitudinal retrospectivo, utilizando la observación directa como técnica y fichas de registro como instrumento para caracterizar el sistema y cuantificar el consumo de reactivos. Los resultados mostraron que el sistema presentó un tiempo de retención hidráulica promedio de 2,49 horas y operó entre 138 y 154 días por año, recuperando un efluente con bajo contenido de sólidos y grasas. Tras la implementación, se registraron ratios promedio de consumo de 0,184 kg/m³ para sulfato férrico, 0,065 kg/m³ para Polychem 8420 y 0,058 kg/m³ para Polychem 8750, evidenciando reducciones cuantificables respect...
17
tesis de grado
Publicado 2023
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El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo mejorar el control de las facturaciones en todos los Centros de Servicio de una empresa de saneamiento de agua y alcantarillado a fin de emitir correctamente los recibos y reducir los reclamos por altos consumos. La empresa en estudio es una entidad mixta que brinda servicios de agua potable y alcantarillado en Lima y Callao. Actualmente presenta problemas en los procesos del área comercial, especialmente en el proceso de control de las facturaciones, debido a que este representa la mayor cantidad de reclamos por parte de los clientes y/o usuarios, a diferencia de los otros procesos comerciales. En la identificación del problema se analizó la estadística de reclamos desde el periodo 2021 a la actualidad, identificando que el subproceso de Lectura y Facturación representa un 62% de los reclamos a nivel institucional. La propuesta de mejora incl...
18
tesis de grado
Publicado 2024
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La siguiente tesis busca aplicar el ciclo de vida de la metodología Business Process Management (BPM) dentro del proceso más crítico en la empresa ACCUAPRODUCT SAC, que se encuentra en la fabricación de equipos donde se ha presentado altos índices de reprocesos generando demoras en la entrega de los equipos RO fabricados. La investigación incluye las seis fases del ciclo BPM: Identificación, análisis, diseño, automatización, monitoreo y optimización; para lo cual se realizaron visitas a planta y se tuvo acceso a información documentada como empírica por parte de los involucrados del proceso durante un lapso de 4 meses aproximadamente. Además, se recurrió a artículos científicos en busca de información sistemática nacional como internacional similares a la investigación. Los resultados del estudio, indica que el modelo BPM facilita identificar los problemas existentes ...
19
artículo
Publicado 2010
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Se aplica el análisis Pinch para la reducción de consumo de energía y agua en el proceso de producción de etanol carburante y se demuestra la viabilidad técnica, económica y ambiental. Se reducen los consumos de calor, agua y costo total de proceso hasta 50, 40 y 25%, respectivamente.
20
artículo
Publicado 2013
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The realization of the photo-electrochemical process consists in percolating the solution to be treated through an electrolytic reactor, in which the anodes coated with metal oxides remains under the effect of ultraviolet radiation (UV). The solution used in this study was contaminated artificially from fecal samples positive for bacteria and intestinal parasites. The evaluation of the process for the disinfection of water was held in photo-electrical-chemical reactor, with a total volume of 10.0 Lper batch system contaminated with human fecal material. It was used as the -1supporting electrolyte solution of sodium perchlorate at 0.1 mol. Land applying a current density -1of 14 mAwith the aid of a source and a flow rate of 250 L.h. The UVradiation was provided by a mercury vapor lamp of 55 Wwithout bulb shield. The center electrode is inserted through a quartz bulb. Samples were analyzed...
