Los minerales son un factor unificante en todas las fases del negocio minero, ya sea en la exploración, explotación, concentración, fundición y refinación, comercialización, cierre y poscierre, e inclusive en los factores medioambientales y de seguridad y salud ocupacional. En la exploración algunos minerales sirven como guías en la búsqueda de tipos de yacimientos, el valor económico de los concentrados se da en función de los porcentajes en mena y son diferentes en función del tipo de mineral; en la explotación, por ejemplo, la facilidad de la perforación está de acuerdo al tipo de mineral o roca; en la concentración es clave conocer el comportamiento de la mena y ganga en todo el proceso; en la comercialización, según la naturaleza del mineral, tendrá su precio y finalmente en el cierre de la mina es necesario mantener la estabilidad física y química del mineral e...

Flows of mud and mud known as the Peruvian coast landslides are recurring geological phenomena, especially in the area of ​​Chosica. The formation of the avalanche starts with the physical, chemical and biological weathering, next to fracturing and faulting of rocks of the Batholith Andino, where for long periods rocks deteriorate exfoliating, disintegrating, also forming rocks spheroidal disjunction, ie, large diameter rocks subrounded to subangulosas, reaching sizes of sand and clay. Subsequently, from this, for erosion and transport due to intense and short rains in the basin, make mud flows called landslides that descend impetuously both major streams, secondary and side gullies to form the mainstem, and such as competence and geodynamic behavior, either by erosion or deposition (burial) destroy the various buildings and services for the people. Finally, characterized and analyze...

Peru is a mega-diverse country, multicultural, yet there are many and varied phenomena of internal and external geodynamics due to plate tectonics, the climatic diversity and its intricate geomorphology by the presence of the Peruvian Andes and its complex geological history. The province of Lima has a wide internal and external geodynamics, is prone to various geological phenomena, mainly floods, earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides. In several parts of our capital, due to a chaotic urban planning, without technical support, only taking into account the inertia of bureaucratic and corrupt officials have made Lima one of the most vulnerable to the various geodynamic phenomena. Urbanization in San Diego, district of San Martin de Porres, the March 15, 2001, the Chillon River overflowed, breaking a coastal defense. Because of its geomorphology and river geodynamic development has an upper ...

Peru is a mega-diverse country in terms of its ecology, it also has a great mineralogical diversity that allows a significant increase to the mining sector and this in turn can lead to conflicts in communities and cities, whose residents are apparently threatened, because according to his conception, the mining will destroy all the flora and fauna, and it will pollute rivers and water sources. All this thought in most cases does not allow the development of mining and therefore of the country. We depart from the paradigm that only environmental education will change the mindset of the peruvian inhabitant lives in the area of influence of mine and this must be executed by universities and professionals who know the environment in the mining sector, this teaching would be responsible and well conceived, will be able to transform the perception and attitudes of the residents, opposed to min...

The Peru is a country with a complex geodinamyc, for the location of the mountain ranges Westerner and oriental, for the diversity of rocks and floors, its multiple climates and ecological floors that accelerate the diverse processes of the external geodinamyc. In Huacar is developed the «Project Pilot of Reforestation with Tare using non Conventional Systems of Watering», it embraces an extension of 120 ha there is, where 120 families intervene in condition of poverty and it carries to an extreme poverty, it leaves of this land it has been affected, especially for slip of floors and erosion for carcavas, that which we will treat study presently.

In the Central Cordillera of the Andes and other points there are large mineral deposits that over time have had different meanings and interpretations. In this work we allow ourselves to suggest the name of Andean Complex to deposits that have a polygenetic character, diversity of flows, ages, mineralization and others, which have made them appear in nature as a complex, due to the various events and types of superimposed mineralization and that we allow ourselves to call them Andean Complex as a type of deposit within the genetic classification of deposits. The geological characterization of this type of deposits that are common in Peru such as Morococha, Cerro de Pasco, San Cristóbal-Andaychagua, Hualgayoc and others is accompanied; in the United States to Butte, Magma Cooper and in Bolivia to Llallagua.

Peru is a mega-diverse country, multicultural, yet there are many and varied phenomena of internal and external geodynamics due to plate tectonics, the climatic diversity and its intricate geomorphology by the presence of the Peruvian Andes and its complex geological history. The province of Lima has a wide internal and external geodynamics, is prone to various geological phenomena, mainly floods, earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides. In several parts of our capital, due to a chaotic urban planning, without technical support, only taking into account the inertia of bureaucratic and corrupt officials have made Lima one of the most vulnerable to the various geodynamic phenomena. Urbanization in San Diego, district of San Martin de Porres, the March 15, 2001, the Chillon River overflowed, breaking a coastal defense. Because of its geomorphology and river geodynamic development has an upper ...

Perú es un país megadiverso en cuanto a su ecología, también tiene una gran diversidad mineralógica que permite un desarrollo considerable al sector minero y este a la vez puede generar conflictos en las comunidades y ciudades, cuyos pobladores se ven aparentemente amenazados, porque, según su concepción, la minería destruirá toda la flora y fauna; además, contaminará los ríos y fuentes de agua. Todo este pensamiento, en la mayoría de casos, no permite el desarrollo de la minería y por ende del país. Partimos del paradigma que sólo la educación ambiental cambiará la mentalidad del poblador peruano que habita en la zona de influencia de las minas y ésta debe ser ejecutada por universidades y profesionales que conocen el medio ambiente en el sector minero. La enseñanza seria, responsable y bien concebida, será capaz de transformar la percepción y actitudes de los pobl...

El Perú es un país con una geodinámica compleja, por el emplazamiento de las cordilleras occidental y oriental, por la diversidad de rocas y suelos y por sus múltiples climas y pisos ecológicos que aceleran los diversos procesos de la geodinámica externa. En Huacar se desarrolla el «Proyecto Piloto de Reforestación con Tara utilizando Sistemas de Riego no Convencionales» que abarca una extensión de 120 ha, donde intervienen 120 familias en condición de pobreza y extrema pobreza; parte de este terreno ha sido afectado especialmente por deslizamiento de suelos y erosión por cárcavas, lo cual trataremos en el presente estudio

In the Central Cordillera of the Andes and other points there are large mineral deposits that over time have had different meanings and interpretations. In this work we allow ourselves to suggest the name of Andean Complex to deposits that have a polygenetic character, diversity of flows, ages, mineralization and others, which have made them appear in nature as a complex, due to the various events and types of superimposed mineralization and that we allow ourselves to call them Andean Complex as a type of deposit within the genetic classification of deposits. The geological characterization of this type of deposits that are common in Peru such as Morococha, Cerro de Pasco, San Cristóbal-Andaychagua, Hualgayoc and others is accompanied; in the United States to Butte, Magma Cooper and in Bolivia to Llallagua.

Flows of mud and mud known as the Peruvian coast landslides are recurring geological phenomena, especially in the area of ​​Chosica. The formation of the avalanche starts with the physical, chemical and biological weathering, next to fracturing and faulting of rocks of the Batholith Andino, where for long periods rocks deteriorate exfoliating, disintegrating, also forming rocks spheroidal disjunction, ie, large diameter rocks subrounded to subangulosas, reaching sizes of sand and clay. Subsequently, from this, for erosion and transport due to intense and short rains in the basin, make mud flows called landslides that descend impetuously both major streams, secondary and side gullies to form the mainstem, and such as competence and geodynamic behavior, either by erosion or deposition (burial) destroy the various buildings and services for the people. Finally, characterized and analyze...

Los minerales son un factor unificante en todas las fases del negocio minero, ya sea en la exploración, explotación, concentración, fundición y refinación, comercialización, cierre y poscierre, e inclusive en los factores medioambientales y de seguridad y salud ocupacional. En la exploración algunos minerales sirven como guías en la búsqueda de tipos de yacimientos, el valor económico de los concentrados se da en función de los porcentajes en mena y son diferentes en función del tipo de mineral; en la explotación, por ejemplo, la facilidad de la perforación está de acuerdo al tipo de mineral o roca; en la concentración es clave conocer el comportamiento de la mena y ganga en todo el proceso; en la comercialización, según la naturaleza del mineral, tendrá su precio y finalmente en el cierre de la mina es necesario mantener la estabilidad física y química del mineral e...

El objetivo de esta investigación fue valorar y evaluar los índices de sostenibilidad de las minas Cerro de Pasco, Colquijirca y Quicay y las fundiciones de Tinyahuarco, Racraytingo y Huaraucaca que tienen gran significado en la minería del Perú. La metodología empleada fue la observación con un trabajo de campo que permitió recabar la información fotográfica, la tabulación de datos y elaborar un plano de ubicación y rutas de los patrimonios. Se inició con un inventario, seguida de una valoración del patrimonio minero metalúrgico cuyos resultados fueron: Cerro de Pasco 97 puntos, Tinyahuarco 94, Racraytingo 84, Colquijirca 83, Quicay 78 y Huaraucaca 66. Los usos que se pueden dar a estos patrimonios son de tipo didáctico, turístico, científico y económico. Los resultados de valoración de los indicadores de sostenibilidad fueron para Cerro de Pasco 66 puntos, Colquijirc...

Descripción:. El curso tiene como fin la evaluación de recursos minerales (reservas de la mina) para lo cual previamente debe entenderse las diversas fases, tal como la exploración- perforaciones y logueo, planos geológicos mineros, plano de labores y muestreo, muestreo y aseguramiento de la calidad y control de la calidad, evaluación de recursos minerales- métodos clásicos y finalmente la evaluación de recursos minerales con geoestadística. Propósito: Este curso de especialidad en la carrera de Ingeniería de Gestión Minera es de carácter teórico, práctico y dirigido a estudiantes del séptimo ciclo; e l cual busca desarrollar la competencia general en base a un razonamiento de diferentes variables cuantitativas y la competencia específica 6: Experimentación adecuada, analizar e interpretar datos, y usar el juicio de ingeniería para sacar conclusiones (Ambos del Nivel 2...

Through millions years of earth planet evolution have produced natural phenomenons such as earthquakes, huaycos, floods and many natural phenomenons. Is with the man’s presence that appear the natural disasters and they affect their socio-economic activities and their themselves environment. The natural disasters bring environmental dysfunctions, because they contaminate the soil, water, destroys part of the flora and fauna and almost always create focuses of infections and others, affecting the man’s habitat. In the present work it develops an environmental study of the Cantuta - Chosica area and it culminates with the zoning of risks for effects of the huayco in the study area.

Chankillo is an archaeological site with ceremonial, administrative and defensive aspects which also has a the oldest of America, 2400-year-old solar observatory. The geomorphology of the area occupied Chankillo consists of the following units: chains of hills, streams, reservoirs and valley wind. In terms of regional geology, the main unit is the Tonalita Huaricanga II Lower Cretaceous, which has been intruded by processes, granite dykes, pegmatites and later andesite dikes.The main rocks used in construction were Chankillo tonalite; to a lesser extent granite and others. Their sources are mainly around the site. Several methods of exploitation was used for rock blocks, including in situ extraction wells, trenches, cut slope, and even pick up loose material. To remove the rocks, fracturing his hitting them naturally hard hammers and chisels and resistant rock preyed mainly andesitic vol...

The prospect El Cura is composed of quartz diorites, tonalites, granodiorites, granites, andesitic dikes, and aplitic dikes of the Pataz batholite. According to their composition of major and minor elements and trace element, they are Sub-alcaline, from sodic, sodic transitional to potassic types, from metalumine to peraluminic; of tectonic environment of volcanic arc, and sincolisionales, the depth to the magma source was 20 to 30 Km.The study area presents a structural compartment limited by river Huascacocha faults and the river Huiro Huiro fault both with dextral type; This area presents strong cracking, shear zones, crackle - breccia, where the vein and veinlets of polidireccional quartz are trapped, with extensive hydrothermal alteration, quartz - sericite and propilitic alteration; mineralizations of hematite, goethite, limonite, pyrite, gold, in veinlets and in fine dissemination...

In underground mining, the exploitation of mantles of thicknesses less than 1.20 m, becomes difficult and very often its cost of mining is high, this due to the traditional exploitation method that is usually used. This work aims to propose a new exploitation design and provide a solution to the operational problem in the Aztlan 2 Mining Unit in Autlán de Navarro - Jalisco Mexico, where the mantle with manganese mineral content is less than 1.20 m thick. For which a variant of the camera and pillars method was designed, which has been called: cameras and pillars with central gallery and stepped pillars or simply T Room, allowing to reduce the cost of mining of US $ 59.00 dollars the ton extracted at US $ 38.00 dollars, also gives greater speed to the exploitation and pass production of 200 Tons / month in a traditional way to 3400 tons / month, using this new variant. The application of...

The Toromocho Deposit is a Porphyry Skarn deposit with an extension of 5 km by 6 km, geologically it is made up of volcanic rocks from Mitú and limestone from Pucara and tertiary intrusives. The mineralization is mainly due to veins that cross the entire Morococha district from East to West, which are filled with Pb, Zn and Ag Zinc mantles minerals located in the limestones and in a disseminated form, also located in the limestones and in the Volcanic-limestone-intrusive contacts and also scattered pyritic bodies with copper mineralization. Regarding its mineralization, it is very complex finding veins, mantles, stock work, scattered bodies, finding minerals that greatly affect metallurgical treatment such as arsenic. The results of the XRD studies allow us to characterize the existing minerals in the deposit, from the contaminating minerals to be able to perform a good blending, contro...

The study area ranges from 13.8 ° to 18.3 ° south latitude of the Peruvian territory, mainly covering Tacna, Moquegua, Arequipa and part of Ayacucho, Apurímac and Puno regions. Geomorphologically it mainly covers the Western Cordillera and part of the Altiplano. Based on satellite images, regional geology information and hot springs distribution, eleven (11) calderic structures of various dimensions were determined. The geometry of the structures in some cases is determined thanks to geomorphological patterns of the volcanic environment. It was determined that in the study area, there is a wide distribution of recent lava and pyroclastic rocks, which mask the calderic structures and, on the other hand, it hides various geothermal systems. In some cases, there are geothermal manifestations on the surface, which have emerged through recent faults. The geothermal manifestations distribut...