Pinch analysis is applied to reduce energy and water consumption in the process of fuel ethanol production so the technical, economic and environmental feasibility is demonstrated. The consumption of heat, water and total cost of process is reduced to 50, 40 and 25% respectively.

Se aplica el análisis Pinch para la reducción de consumo de energía y agua en el proceso de producción de etanol carburante y se demuestra la viabilidad técnica, económica y ambiental. Se reducen los consumos de calor, agua y costo total de proceso hasta 50, 40 y 25%, respectivamente.

Biodiesel is produced in a vertical photobioreactor using a Botryococcus braunii bubbling carbon dioxide in natural conditions of solar irradiation. The technique of metabolic control is applied in the growth of microalgae producing up to 14 g / L and 29% lipid of dry biomass. The oil is extracted with n-hexane and then by transesterification the biodiesel is obtained with a calorific value of 40 MJ/kg, a density of 0.86 kg/L and a viscosity of 5.2 × 10(-4) Pa s (at 40 °C)

Biodiesel is produced in a vertical photobioreactor using a Botryococcus braunii bubbling carbon dioxide in natural conditions of solar irradiation. The technique of metabolic control is applied in the growth of microalgae producing up to 14 g / L and 29% lipid of dry biomass. The oil is extracted with n-hexane and then by transesterification the biodiesel is obtained with a calorific value of 40 MJ/kg, a density of 0.86 kg/L and a viscosity of 5.2 × 10(-4) Pa s (at 40 °C)